scholarly journals EFFECTS OF CUTTING LENGTH AND BUD REMOVAL ON ROOT YIELD AND STARCH CONTENT OF CASSAVA UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-348
Author(s):  
MAPITA PRASITSARN ◽  
ANAN POLTHANEE ◽  
VIDHAYA TRELO-GES ◽  
ROBERT W. SIMMONS
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Cutting Length ◽  
Bud Removal ◽  
Cassava Varieties

SUMMARYBud removal of the cuttings at underground level has been claimed by cassava growers in Thailand as a method to increase cassava yield. This practise should be tested experimentally to explain the reason for yield increase. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of bud removal and cutting length on storage root yield and starch content of three cassava varieties. Field experiment was conducted in a split–split plot design with four replications in 2010 and 2011, under rainfed conditions. Three cassava varieties (KU50, RY9 and HB60) were assigned as main plot. Two cutting lengths (15 cm and 30 cm) were assigned as sub plots, and two treatments of buds (buds cut and not cut) were assigned as sub–sub plots. The buds on the cuttings that were inserted into the soil were removed. In 2010, the plants from 15-cm long cuttings subjected to bud removal had higher fresh storage root yield (88.4 Mg ha−1) than did plants from 30-cm long cuttings subjected to bud removal (75.8 Mg ha−1). Cutting of buds also had higher fresh storage root yield (89.1 Mg ha−1) than did non bud-cutting (75.0 Mg ha−1). KU50 had the highest fresh storage root yield (91.4 Mg ha−1), dry root yield (48.4 Mg ha−1) and starch yield (20.1 Mg ha−1). Cutting length of 15 cm had higher starch concentration in storage roots (25.6%) than did cutting length of 30 cm (24.2%). HB60 had the highest starch concentration (27.0%) among cassava varieties tested. The data in 2011 were similar to the data in 2010. The responses of varieties to bud removal and cutting length are discussed.

scholarly journals Growth, yield and water use of drip irrigated cassava planted in the late rainy season of North Eastern Thailand

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Polthanee ◽  
M. Srisutham
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Cassava Varieties

Field experiment was carried out at Agronomy Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University in 2015-2016 to investigate the response of cassava to supplementary irrigation during the dry season month. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four replications. The main plots comprised two cassava varieties (Huaybong 80 and Rayong 11). The sub l included four levels of drip irrigation [I-20, EV-40 mm (crop received 20 mm of water when daily cumulative pan evapolation value reached 40 mm during the dry season months)]; [I-20, EV-60 mm] ; [I-10, EV-40 mm] ; [I-10, EV-60 mm] and [I-10] (cassava under rainfed condition without additional irrigation)]. Results indicated that irrigation at (I-20, EV-40 mm) produced maximum the fresh (52 t ha-1) and dry (22 t ha-1) storage root yield. Huaybong 80 variety a gave significantly higher the storage root yield than that of Rayong 11 variety. The highest starch content also was obtained in the (I-20, EV-40 mm) treatment. There was no significant difference in the starch content between the two cassava varieties. Water were applied in treatment [I-20, EV-40 mm], [I-20, EV-60 mm], [I-10, EV-40 mm] and [I-10, EV-60 mm] was an average 299 mm, 194 mm, 150 mm and 97 mm, respectively during the growing season. Water use efficiency was the highest (35.3 kg ha-1 mm-1) in the [I-20, EV-60 mm] treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of Paclobutrazol Application Time on Growth, Yield and Starch Content of Two Cassava Cultivars under Rainfed Conditions of Northeastern, Thailand

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Polthanee ◽  
P. Manuta ◽  
J. Sirikan
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Set Up

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of paclobutrazol (PBZ) application time on growth, yield and starch content of cassava under rainfed conditions. A split-plots design was set up with four replications. The main-plot consists of two cassava cultivars (CMR and RY-7) and three PBZ application times (90, 135 DAP and two combined 90 and 135 DAP) in comparison with no paclobutrazol application (control) assigned as sub-plots. The study showed that all PBZ application times reduced plant height. PBZ single application at 135 DAP or two combined application at 90 and 135 DAP increased leaf number per plant and leaf area index. The maximum storage root yield was obtained when PBZ applied at 135 DAP over without PBZ application (control) by 46% in the present study. PBZ application at 90 DAP combined with 135 DAP produced the highest starch content of the storage roots. In the present experiment, two cassava cultivars did not show a significant difference on growth, yield and starch content in storage root.

scholarly journals Cassava shrunken-2 homolog MeAPL3 determines storage root starch and dry matter content and modulates storage root postharvest physiological deterioration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getu Beyene ◽  
Raj Deepika Chauhan ◽  
Jackson Gehan ◽  
Dimuth Siritunga ◽  
Nigel Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Root Starch ◽  
Postharvest Physiological Deterioration

Abstract Key message Among the five cassava isoforms (MeAPL1–MeAPL5), MeAPL3 is responsible for determining storage root starch content. Degree of storage root postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) is directly correlated with starch content. Abstract AGPase is heterotetramer composed of two small and two large subunits each coded by small gene families in higher plants. Studies in cassava (Manihot esculenta) identified and characterized five isoforms of Manihot esculenta ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit (MeAPL1–MeAPL5) and employed virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) to show that MeAPL3 is the key isoform responsible for starch and dry matter accumulation in cassava storage roots. Silencing of MeAPL3 in cassava through stable transgenic lines resulted in plants displaying significant reduction in storage root starch and dry matter content (DMC) and induced a distinct phenotype associated with increased petiole/stem angle, resulting in a droopy leaf phenotype. Plants with reduced starch and DMC also displayed significantly reduced or no postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) compared to controls and lines with high DMC and starch content. This provides strong evidence for direct relationships between starch/dry matter content and its role in PPD and canopy architecture traits in cassava.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Morphological Characters and Yield Variability of Some Elite Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) in Uyo, Southeastern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
Patrick Ibang Udounang ◽  
Okon John Ekwere ◽  
Ofonime Raphael Akata
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Variability ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cassava Varieties

Field experiment was carried out at Uyo to evaluate some morphological traits and yield variability of some elite cassava varieties with aim of making innovative recommendation to farmers. The experiment laid out in a complete block design, replicated three times. The treatments were six cassava varieties; TMS 30572, TME 419, TMS 98/0505, TMS 98/0581, TMS 01/1412 and local variety known as Obubit Okpo. Data collected from growth and yield was subjected to analysis of variances. Significant means were compares using least significant difference (LSD) at 5% probability level. Among the cassava varieties; TMS 98/0581 had superiority over in four characters namely; leaf area, storage root length, storage root circumference and yield. Also TMS 01/1412 was superior in terms of number of leaves per plant and number of storage roots per plant while TME 419 was superior in terms of plant height. Since TMS 98/0581 had four major characters, it could be disseminated to farmers in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, while the other varieties TMS 01/1412, and TME 419 which were superior in two and one characters respectively could be incorporated into breeding programme with TMS 98/0581 to produce hybrid varieties with higher yield for the study area.   Keywords: Cassava, characters, breeding and yield.   

scholarly journals Cultivar decline in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas)

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 160-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Lewthwaite ◽  
P.J. Fletcher ◽  
J.D. Fletcher ◽  
C.M. Triggs
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Spontaneous Mutations ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Growing Seasons

The sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) crop is propagated vegetatively by field transplanting adventitious sprouts produced on storage roots retained from the previous seasons harvest This system promotes the persistence and accumulation of both viruses and spontaneous mutations A phenomenon known as cultivar decline has been reported internationally where the root yield and appearance of commercially grown sweetpotato cultivars appear to deteriorate over successive growing seasons The relative contributions of virus infection and plant mutation to cultivar decline are uncertain but both issues are addressed through the use of virustested tissue cultured propagation systems This study assessed the degree of decline for cultivars Owairaka Red and Beauregard within the New Zealand biophysical production environment Storage root yield decreased significantly with increasing field exposure for both cultivars (P

scholarly journals The Pruning Effect on the Storage Root Yield and Starch Content of Sweet Potato Clones Planted at Dry Land

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Edyson Indawan ◽  
Sri Umi Lestari ◽  
Nurita Thiasari ◽  
Pramono Sasongko
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Main Plot

Sweet potato is a dual-purpose crop, which could produce both food and feed. The vine pruning prior to storage root harvesting was intended to increase the quantity and quality of fresh forage for animal feed. This study aims to evaluate whether periodic pruning can affect the storage root yield and its starch content. This experiment employed split-plot design with two factors and three replications. The first factor as main plot was vine pruning which consisted of four distinct pruning times (four times, three times, twice and once). The second factor as sub-plot was cultivars which consisted of six dual-purpose cultivars and two controls. The storage root yields, vine yields, starch yields and the reduction in storage root yields were observed. The results showed that the vine pruning decreased the storage root yields, with small increases the vine yields. The percentage of the reduction in storage root yields were 4-58%, while the decrease vine yields are relatively inconsistent. The starch yield of the cultivars with one pruning time were in the range of 2.34-6.67 ton ha<sup>-1</sup>. On the contrary, the three times pruning or more since 80 days after transplanted can reduce the starch yields for more than 50%. The slight increase in vines yield due to pruning was followed by the decrease in storage root yields and starch content of the sweet potato.

scholarly journals ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA NỒNG ĐỘ Na2SO3 ĐẾN MỘT SỐ GIỐNG SẮN TRIỂN VỌNG TẠI THỪA THIÊN HUẾ

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 2012-2019
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Đình Thi ◽  
Thái Thị Hồng Mỹ ◽  
Lê Thị Hương Xuân
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Cassava Varieties

Nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của các nồng độ Na2SO3 (0, 100, 300, 500 ppm) đến 03 giống sắn KM 94, KM 21-12 và KM 444 trong năm 2019 tại vùng sinh thái gò đồi thị xã Hương Trà, tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế nhằm mục đích xác định ảnh hưởng và nồng độ Na2SO3 phù hợp cho cây sắn. Kết quả đạt được là: 1) Phun Na2SO3 ở các nồng độ thí nghiệm đã tăng sinh trưởng thân - lá - củ, năng suất, chất lượng củ và hiệu quả kinh tế của 03 giống sắn thí nghiệm. 2) Tại nồng độ phun Na2SO3 từ 300 đến 500 ppm, so với đối chứng giống KM 94 tăng năng suất thực thu 19,5 - 20,2%, tỷ lệ sắn lát đạt 40,9 - 41,1%, hàm lượng tinh bột đạt 29,3 - 30,2% và năng suất ethanol tăng 23,6 - 26,6%; Giống KM 21-12 tăng năng suất thực thu 15,1 - 18,6%, tỷ lệ sắn lát đạt 40,5 - 41,0%, hàm lượng tinh bột đạt 29,7 - 29,8% và năng suất ethanol tăng 21,6 - 25,8%; Giống KM 444 tăng năng suất thực thu 18,4 - 19,9%, tỷ lệ sắn lát đạt 40,6 - 40,8%, hàm lượng tinh bột đạt 30,3 - 30,9% và năng suất ethanol tăng 24,9 - 25,7%. ABSTRACT The study on the effects of Na2SO3 concentrations (0, 100, 300, 500 ppm) on 03 cassava varieties (KM 94, KM 21-12 and KM444) was conducted in 2019 in hilly ecological area of Huong Tra town, Thua Thien Hue province to determine the effect and suitable concentration of Na2SO3 for cassava. The results showed that: 1) Spraying Na2SO3 at a rate of 640 liters/ha with experimental concentrations increased stem - leaf - root growth, yield and quality of roots and economic efficiency of all of 03 cassava varieties. 2) Spraying Na2SO3 at concentrations from 300 to 500 ppm, compared with the control, KM 94 increased root yield of 19.5 - 20.2%, dry matter content reached 40.9 - 41.1%, starch content reached 29.3 - 30.2% and ethanol production increased by 23.6 - 26.6%; KM 21 - 12 increased root yield of 15.1 - 18.6%, dry matter content reached 40.5 - 41.0%, starch content reached 29.7 - 29.8% and ethanol production increased by 21.6 - 25.8%; KM 444 increased root yield of 18.4 - 19.9%, dry matter content reached 40.6 - 40.8%, starch content reached 30.3 - 30.9% and ethanol production increased by 24.9 - 25.7%.  

scholarly journals Effect of planting methods on growth and yield of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) varieties at Luyengo, midlevel of Eswatini

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 013-021
Author(s):  
Sakhile Sipho Dlamini ◽  
Mzwandile Petros Mabuza ◽  
Bonginkhosi Edward Dlamini
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Method Of Planting ◽  
Planting Method

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is the most grown storage root crop in Eswatini. However, its storage root yield is low among smallholder farmers partly due to use of inappropriate varieties and agronomic practices such as planting method. Thus, a field experiment was conducted at the University of Eswatini, Faculty of Agriculture, Luyengo, during 2019/2020 cropping season to determine the effects of planting method on growth and yield of the three sweet potato varieties. Two planting methods, namely horizontal and vertical; and three sweet potato varieties, namely Kenya-white, Ligwalagwala and Lamngititi were evaluated in a factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design in three replications. Results showed non-significant difference between the planting methods in most growth and yield parameters recorded for the sweet potato varieties. However, the vertical method of planting had relatively higher vine length, number of branches, mass of storage roots and storage root yield than the horizontal method. On the other hand, there were significant (P<0.05) differences among the sweet potato varieties for most of parameters recorded. The sweet potato variety Ligwalagwala had the highest vine length, number of storage roots per plant (6.47), mass of storage roots per plant (1137 g) and storage root yield (12.01 tonnes/ha). Thus, either horizontal or vertical method of planting and variety Ligwalagwala can be used to increase the productivity of sweet potato in the study area.

scholarly journals Stem portion and number of stakes influence on growth and yield of cassava variety in the South East, Nigeria

Agro-Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
D.A. Okpara ◽  
D.C. Udeh ◽  
O.K. Akinbo ◽  
O.N. Eke-Okoro ◽  
A.O. Olojede
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Investigations were conducted to study the effect of stem portion and number of stakes per stand on crop establishment, growth and yield of cassava variety NR 8082 in Umudike Southeastern Nigeria during the 2016/17 and 2017/18 cropping seasons. In each year, the experiment was laid out as a 3 × 3 factorial, in randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments consisted of three stem portions of different physiological ages (top, middle and basal) and three numbers of stakes per stand (1, 2 and 3). The middle and basal stem portions significantly increased percent establishment, plant height and leaf area index at 3 months after planting (MAP) but had no effect on number of storage roots per plant. The best stem portion for storage root yield was, however, the top portion which produced the highest yield on average. Number of stakes per stand did not significantly affect stem girth, number of nodes per plant and leaf area index, but the use of 1 stake per stand increased number of storage roots per plant, root weight and storage oot yield in 2017/2018 cropping season. Number of stakes per stand did not significantly influence storage root yield across the two seasons of evaluation. Interactions between stem portion and number of stakes per stand did not significantly affect storage root yield of NR 8082 high cassava variety in both cropping seasons. Based on the findings, the use of 1 stake per stand is recommended for high root yields of NR 8082 cassava variety under conditions of low soil fertility in Umudike, South East Nigeria. Although the top portion enhanced root yield, farmers could use any of the stem portions, since the middle and basal parts gave satisfactory yields and had better establishment than the former.

High yield and pest resistant genotypes of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) for cultivation in Umudike, Southeastern, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-569
Author(s):  
J. I. Ulasi ◽  
R.S. Okim ◽  
E.U. Rivers
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Newly developed progenies of sweet potato were evaluated to identify promising genotypes with high storage root yield, dry matter, starch content and susceptibility to Cylas spp. at the National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Southeastern Nigeria during the 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons to evaluate variation among crosses of different sweet potato families, namely: LigriXFaara (17), LigriXApomoen (9) and LigrixSauti (8), including two check varieties (Umuspo 3 and TIS 87/0087). Analysis of variance, correlation and principal component analysis were employed for data analysis. In this study, four genotypes; LigriXFaara/3 (16.02t/ha), LigriXFaara/2 (14.67t/ha), LigriXFaara/1 (13.66t/ha) and LigriXFaara/6 (10.33t/ha) produced higher fresh storage root yield than the national check (TIS 87/0087). Four genotypes recorded starch content above 50mg100-1; LigriXApomoden/1 (69.71mg100-1), LigriXApomoden/3 (62.98mg100-1), LigriXApomoden/2 (60.89mg100-1), LigriXApomoden/4 (57.53 mg100-1). Among the thirty-four genotypes evaluated, twenty-nine genotypes were susceptible to the attack of C. puncticollis. LigriXFaara/1 recorded the highest attack of C. puncticollis, followed by LigriXApomoden/5, LigriXFaara/4, LigriXApomoden/3, LigriXSauti/3, LigriXFarra/5 while five genotypes; LigriXFaara/4, LigriXFaara/5, LigriXSauti/5, LigriXFaara/8, LigriXFaara/7 and LigriXFaara/14 did not show any sign of vulnerability of C. puncticollis. Promising genotypes that recorded high yield, dry matter and resistance to Cylas spp. could be subjected to advanced yield trail and incorporated into further breeding program.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document