scholarly journals Effect of Paclobutrazol Application Time on Growth, Yield and Starch Content of Two Cassava Cultivars under Rainfed Conditions of Northeastern, Thailand

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Polthanee ◽  
P. Manuta ◽  
J. Sirikan
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Set Up

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of paclobutrazol (PBZ) application time on growth, yield and starch content of cassava under rainfed conditions. A split-plots design was set up with four replications. The main-plot consists of two cassava cultivars (CMR and RY-7) and three PBZ application times (90, 135 DAP and two combined 90 and 135 DAP) in comparison with no paclobutrazol application (control) assigned as sub-plots. The study showed that all PBZ application times reduced plant height. PBZ single application at 135 DAP or two combined application at 90 and 135 DAP increased leaf number per plant and leaf area index. The maximum storage root yield was obtained when PBZ applied at 135 DAP over without PBZ application (control) by 46% in the present study. PBZ application at 90 DAP combined with 135 DAP produced the highest starch content of the storage roots. In the present experiment, two cassava cultivars did not show a significant difference on growth, yield and starch content in storage root.

scholarly journals Growth, yield and water use of drip irrigated cassava planted in the late rainy season of North Eastern Thailand

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Polthanee ◽  
M. Srisutham
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Cassava Varieties

Field experiment was carried out at Agronomy Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University in 2015-2016 to investigate the response of cassava to supplementary irrigation during the dry season month. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four replications. The main plots comprised two cassava varieties (Huaybong 80 and Rayong 11). The sub l included four levels of drip irrigation [I-20, EV-40 mm (crop received 20 mm of water when daily cumulative pan evapolation value reached 40 mm during the dry season months)]; [I-20, EV-60 mm] ; [I-10, EV-40 mm] ; [I-10, EV-60 mm] and [I-10] (cassava under rainfed condition without additional irrigation)]. Results indicated that irrigation at (I-20, EV-40 mm) produced maximum the fresh (52 t ha-1) and dry (22 t ha-1) storage root yield. Huaybong 80 variety a gave significantly higher the storage root yield than that of Rayong 11 variety. The highest starch content also was obtained in the (I-20, EV-40 mm) treatment. There was no significant difference in the starch content between the two cassava varieties. Water were applied in treatment [I-20, EV-40 mm], [I-20, EV-60 mm], [I-10, EV-40 mm] and [I-10, EV-60 mm] was an average 299 mm, 194 mm, 150 mm and 97 mm, respectively during the growing season. Water use efficiency was the highest (35.3 kg ha-1 mm-1) in the [I-20, EV-60 mm] treatment.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF CUTTING LENGTH AND BUD REMOVAL ON ROOT YIELD AND STARCH CONTENT OF CASSAVA UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-348
Author(s):  
MAPITA PRASITSARN ◽  
ANAN POLTHANEE ◽  
VIDHAYA TRELO-GES ◽  
ROBERT W. SIMMONS
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Cutting Length ◽  
Bud Removal ◽  
Cassava Varieties

SUMMARYBud removal of the cuttings at underground level has been claimed by cassava growers in Thailand as a method to increase cassava yield. This practise should be tested experimentally to explain the reason for yield increase. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of bud removal and cutting length on storage root yield and starch content of three cassava varieties. Field experiment was conducted in a split–split plot design with four replications in 2010 and 2011, under rainfed conditions. Three cassava varieties (KU50, RY9 and HB60) were assigned as main plot. Two cutting lengths (15 cm and 30 cm) were assigned as sub plots, and two treatments of buds (buds cut and not cut) were assigned as sub–sub plots. The buds on the cuttings that were inserted into the soil were removed. In 2010, the plants from 15-cm long cuttings subjected to bud removal had higher fresh storage root yield (88.4 Mg ha−1) than did plants from 30-cm long cuttings subjected to bud removal (75.8 Mg ha−1). Cutting of buds also had higher fresh storage root yield (89.1 Mg ha−1) than did non bud-cutting (75.0 Mg ha−1). KU50 had the highest fresh storage root yield (91.4 Mg ha−1), dry root yield (48.4 Mg ha−1) and starch yield (20.1 Mg ha−1). Cutting length of 15 cm had higher starch concentration in storage roots (25.6%) than did cutting length of 30 cm (24.2%). HB60 had the highest starch concentration (27.0%) among cassava varieties tested. The data in 2011 were similar to the data in 2010. The responses of varieties to bud removal and cutting length are discussed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Paclobutrazol Application Time and Variety on Growth, Yield, and Quality of Potato (Solanum tuberosumL.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ottilia Mabvongwe ◽  
Brenda T. Manenji ◽  
Munyaradzi Gwazane ◽  
Misheck Chandiposha
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Late Application ◽  
Set Up

An experiment was set up to investigate the effect of time of paclobutrazol application and variety on growth, yield, and quality of potato in a greenhouse at 34°C (±3) and 21°C (±3) day and night temperatures, respectively, with 60% relative humidity. The experiment was set up as a 2 × 4 factorial design in a CRD with 3 replications. The first factor was potato variety and the levels were BP1 and Diamond. The second factor was paclobutrazol application time and the levels were 28 (Days After Planting) DAP, 35 DAP, and 42 DAP and no paclobutrazol applied (control). Early application of paclobutrazol reduced stem length, number of tubers per plant, and sugar content of potato; furthermore, it increased starch content and yield compared to late application and no paclobutrazol treatments. Early application of paclobutrazol at 28 DAP is recommended in high temperature zones as it increased the yield by 108% and quality of potato.

scholarly journals Cassava shrunken-2 homolog MeAPL3 determines storage root starch and dry matter content and modulates storage root postharvest physiological deterioration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getu Beyene ◽  
Raj Deepika Chauhan ◽  
Jackson Gehan ◽  
Dimuth Siritunga ◽  
Nigel Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Root Starch ◽  
Postharvest Physiological Deterioration

Abstract Key message Among the five cassava isoforms (MeAPL1–MeAPL5), MeAPL3 is responsible for determining storage root starch content. Degree of storage root postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) is directly correlated with starch content. Abstract AGPase is heterotetramer composed of two small and two large subunits each coded by small gene families in higher plants. Studies in cassava (Manihot esculenta) identified and characterized five isoforms of Manihot esculenta ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit (MeAPL1–MeAPL5) and employed virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) to show that MeAPL3 is the key isoform responsible for starch and dry matter accumulation in cassava storage roots. Silencing of MeAPL3 in cassava through stable transgenic lines resulted in plants displaying significant reduction in storage root starch and dry matter content (DMC) and induced a distinct phenotype associated with increased petiole/stem angle, resulting in a droopy leaf phenotype. Plants with reduced starch and DMC also displayed significantly reduced or no postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) compared to controls and lines with high DMC and starch content. This provides strong evidence for direct relationships between starch/dry matter content and its role in PPD and canopy architecture traits in cassava.

scholarly journals GROWTH ANALYSIS OF A SWEETPOTATO CULTIVAR GROWN IN AN NFT SYSTEM

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 731c-731
Author(s):  
Pauline P. David ◽  
Audrey A. Trotman ◽  
Desmond G. Mortley
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Component Part ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Total Plant

One of the major objective of growth analysis data is to provide a basic understanding of some of the mechanisms that affect plant growth. This study was initiated to evaluate the effects on several growth parameters when plants are grown in an NFT system. Vine cuttings (15 cm length) of the sweetpotato cultivar ``Georgia Jet” was grown in a closed NFT system for a period of 120 days. Nutrient was supplied in a modified half-strength Hoagland's solution with a N:K ratio of 1:2.4. Destructive harvesting of plants occurred at 14 day intervals at which time plants were separated into their various component parts and analyzed for dry weight accumulation, leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. Results showed dry weight distribution within the plant had a linear response for all component part evaluated. Greatest contributors to total plant dry weight was stem followed by leaves, fibrous roots, buds and flowers. However, once storage root production occurred it contributed the largest percentage to total plant dry weight. LAI was optimum at 80 days after planting (DAP) while CGR and RGR fluctuated throughout the growing season. Initially NAR was higher in foliage than storage roots but declined once storage root enlargement began, suggesting a translocation of assimilates to storage root.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Morphological Characters and Yield Variability of Some Elite Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) in Uyo, Southeastern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
Patrick Ibang Udounang ◽  
Okon John Ekwere ◽  
Ofonime Raphael Akata
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Variability ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cassava Varieties

Field experiment was carried out at Uyo to evaluate some morphological traits and yield variability of some elite cassava varieties with aim of making innovative recommendation to farmers. The experiment laid out in a complete block design, replicated three times. The treatments were six cassava varieties; TMS 30572, TME 419, TMS 98/0505, TMS 98/0581, TMS 01/1412 and local variety known as Obubit Okpo. Data collected from growth and yield was subjected to analysis of variances. Significant means were compares using least significant difference (LSD) at 5% probability level. Among the cassava varieties; TMS 98/0581 had superiority over in four characters namely; leaf area, storage root length, storage root circumference and yield. Also TMS 01/1412 was superior in terms of number of leaves per plant and number of storage roots per plant while TME 419 was superior in terms of plant height. Since TMS 98/0581 had four major characters, it could be disseminated to farmers in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, while the other varieties TMS 01/1412, and TME 419 which were superior in two and one characters respectively could be incorporated into breeding programme with TMS 98/0581 to produce hybrid varieties with higher yield for the study area.   Keywords: Cassava, characters, breeding and yield.   

scholarly journals Effect of cutting position and vine pruning level on yield of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas L.)

1970 ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Ncube Netsai ◽  
Mutetwa Moses, Mtaita Tuarira
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Significant Difference

There is significant variation in yield of storage roots and vines of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) among farmers due to use of different cutting positions and pruning of vines at different levels. This study was carried out to establish the cutting position and the vine pruning level that give the best yield of both the storage roots and vines. The study was conducted in a 3x3 factorial arrangement in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Treatments included cutting position at three levels (apical cutting, middle cutting and basal cutting) and pruning at three levels, 0%, 25% and 50% respectively. Pruning was done. 50 days after planting. And storage root harvesting was done 100 days after planting. The two measurements were summed up to give the total vine weight. Storage root length, diameter and weight were measured at 100 DAP. Storage root length indicated significant difference (P<0.05) only among cutting positions with highest mean length (16.20 cm) obtained from apical cutting and the lowest (11.98 cm) from basal cutting. Storage root diameter, storage root weight and vine weight indicated significant interaction (P<0.05) of cutting position and vine pruning level. Highest mean root diameter and root weight were obtained from middle cutting and 25% vine pruning level, with the lowest being obtained from basal cutting and 50% vine pruning level. Highest vine weight was recorded from middle cutting and 50% vine pruning level, with the lowest being recorded from basal cutting and 0% vine pruning level. Both middle and apical stem cuttings can be recommended for higher storage root and vine yield. Vine pruning at 25% can be adopted for higher storage root yield while pruning at 50% can be suggested for higher vine yield.

scholarly journals Relationship of Photosynthesis and Harvest Index to Sweet Potato Yield

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajmer S. Bhagsari ◽  
Doyle A. Ashley
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Canopy Photosynthesis ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Stage Of Development

Field experiments with 15 sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)] genotypes were conducted to study the physiological basis of yield in 1981 and 1982. The leaf area index differed significantly among the sweet potato genotypes during early and late phases of growth, hut showed an inconsistent relationship with yield. Single leaf net photosynthesis ranged from 0.74 to 1.12 mg CO2/m' per sec. Canopy photosynthesis for sweet potato genotypes differed significantly in 1981, but not in 1982. It ranged from 0.81 to 1.16 mg CO2/m2 per sec in Aug. 1981. and from 0.63 to 0.88 mg CO2/m2 per sec in 1982. Four hours after “C-labeling, 14C-assimilate translocation from the treated leaf ranged from 21% to 46%, but did not differ significantly among the genotypes. At final harvest, harvest index [HI, defined as (storage root yield/total biological yield) × 100] of the genotypes varied from 43% to 77% and 31% to 75% for 1981 and 1982, respectively. Canopy photosynthesis during September was significantly correlated with storage root dry matter yield (r = 0.54*) in 1981 and with phytomass (above-ground biomass plus storage roots) (r = 0.60*) in 1982. Both phytomass and HI were significantly correlated with storage root matter yield. Canopy photosynthetic evaluation of sweet potato germplasm may be-more relevant when the storage root sinks are at an advanced stage of development. Our study suggests that yield is poorly predicted by Pn, particularly when the genotypes have different leaf sizes.

scholarly journals Stem portion and number of stakes influence on growth and yield of cassava variety in the South East, Nigeria

Agro-Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
D.A. Okpara ◽  
D.C. Udeh ◽  
O.K. Akinbo ◽  
O.N. Eke-Okoro ◽  
A.O. Olojede
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Investigations were conducted to study the effect of stem portion and number of stakes per stand on crop establishment, growth and yield of cassava variety NR 8082 in Umudike Southeastern Nigeria during the 2016/17 and 2017/18 cropping seasons. In each year, the experiment was laid out as a 3 × 3 factorial, in randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments consisted of three stem portions of different physiological ages (top, middle and basal) and three numbers of stakes per stand (1, 2 and 3). The middle and basal stem portions significantly increased percent establishment, plant height and leaf area index at 3 months after planting (MAP) but had no effect on number of storage roots per plant. The best stem portion for storage root yield was, however, the top portion which produced the highest yield on average. Number of stakes per stand did not significantly affect stem girth, number of nodes per plant and leaf area index, but the use of 1 stake per stand increased number of storage roots per plant, root weight and storage oot yield in 2017/2018 cropping season. Number of stakes per stand did not significantly influence storage root yield across the two seasons of evaluation. Interactions between stem portion and number of stakes per stand did not significantly affect storage root yield of NR 8082 high cassava variety in both cropping seasons. Based on the findings, the use of 1 stake per stand is recommended for high root yields of NR 8082 cassava variety under conditions of low soil fertility in Umudike, South East Nigeria. Although the top portion enhanced root yield, farmers could use any of the stem portions, since the middle and basal parts gave satisfactory yields and had better establishment than the former.

scholarly journals The Impact of Seasonal Environments in a Tropical Savanna Climate on Forking, Leaf Area Index, and Biomass of Cassava Genotypes

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phanupong Phoncharoen ◽  
Poramate Banterng ◽  
Nimitr Vorasoot ◽  
Sanun Jogloy ◽  
Piyada Theerakulpisut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

Information on the forking, leaf area index, and biomass of cassava for different growing seasons could help design appropriate management to improve yield. The objective was to evaluate the forking date, leaf growth, and storage root yield of different cassava genotypes grown at different planting dates. Four cassava genotypes (Kasetsart 50, Rayong 9, Rayong 11, and CMR38–125–77) were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with four replications. The cassava genotypes were planted on 20 April, 25 May, 30 June, 5 October, 10 November, and 15 December 2015, and 19 May and 3 November 2016. The soil properties prior to the planting, forking date, leaf area index (LAI), dry weights, harvest index (HI), starch content, and weather data were recorded. The forking date patterns for all of the growing seasons varied depending on the cassava genotypes. The weather caused occurring in the first forking for the Rayong 11 and CMR38–125–77 and the second forking for Rayong 11, but not for Kasetsart 50. The forking CMR38–125–77 had a higher LAI, leaf dry weight, biomass, and storage root dry weight than the non-forking Rayong 9. The higher storage root yields in Rayong 9 compared with Rayong 11 were due to an increased partitioning of the storage roots.

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