Some Bacteriological Relations in Soils kept under Green-house conditions

Soils in the green-house are exposed to conditions that are admittedly more or less artificial. The range of temperature and moisture is not the same as that in field soils, while the aeration of green-house soils is, if anything, even more artificial. The artificial conditions are emphasized still more strongly when the soil is kept in small pots. The operations incident to the filling of the pots and the applications of fertilizers involve a more intimate contact of the soil particles with atmospheric oxygen than is possible under field or garden conditions. This leads to an abnormal multiplication of the soil bacteria and to a consequent abnormally rapid oxidation of the organic matter. In the course of time the more readily decomposable portions of the organic matter in the soil become depleted and this is followed, in turn, by a decline in the numbers of bacteria that will grow on agar plates. It is possible that the rapid falling off in numbers is due not merely to the depletion of the readily decomposable organic matter, but also to the accumulation of certain cleavage products injurious to the bacteria. Of the latter factor we have no direct knowledge and it is referred to in this place only as a possible explanation of the facts recorded below. It may be added here, also, that the greatly decreased number of bacteria appearing on agar plates should not be accepted as absolute proof that the total number of microorganisms in the soil had diminished. There is a possibility that a compensating increase had occurred of bacteria that do not grow on agar plates, as for instance, the nitrous and nitric ferments, etc.….

Download Full-text

Characterization of rhizospheric and non rhizospheric bacteria from arsenic contaminated soil

Jahangirnagar University Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3329/jujbs.v8i1.42463 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 9-15

Author(s):

Umma Mayda ◽

Nazifa Tasnim ◽

Rasheda Yasmin Shilpi

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soil ◽

Soil Bacteria ◽

Arsenic Concentration ◽

Pteris Vittata ◽

Experimental Result ◽

Rhizospheric Soil ◽

Rhizospheric Bacteria ◽

Number Of Microorganisms ◽

Number Of Bacteria

The rhizosphere soil has a large and various number of microorganisms especially the bacteria. This experiment was conducted at the department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, to investigate the rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric bacteria from arsenic contaminated soil. Pteris vittata was treated with different concentrations of arsenic ranges from 5000 to 10000 ppm in the pot. The experimental result indicated that the negative correlation between arsenic concentration and rhizospheric soil bacteria. Highest number of bacteria (8.6×108 cfu/g) were found in rhizospheric soil (control), while lowest numbers of bacteria (4.0×107 cfu/g) were found in the non-rhizospheric soil with 10000 ppm arsenic. Thirty bacteria were isolated from rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil samples. Out of thirty samples Bacillus and Pseudomonas were selected on the basis of morphological and biochemical nature. The present study concluded that the arsenic has an adverse effect on the growth of rhizospheric soil bacteria. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 8(1): 9-15, 2019 (June)

Download Full-text

Earth’s Middle Ages: What Came after the GOE

10.23943/princeton/9780691145020.003.0009 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Donald Eugene Canfield

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Middle Ages ◽

Atmospheric Oxygen ◽

Iron Formation ◽

Banded Iron Formation ◽

Dissolved Iron ◽

Great Oxidation Event ◽

Low Levels ◽

Substantial Rise

This chapter considers the aftermath of the great oxidation event (GOE). It suggests that there was a substantial rise in oxygen defining the GOE, which may, in turn have led to the Lomagundi isotope excursion, which was associated with high rates of organic matter burial and perhaps even higher concentrations of oxygen. This excursion was soon followed by a crash in oxygen to very low levels and a return to banded iron formation deposition. When the massive amounts of organic carbon buried during the excursion were brought into the weathering environment, they would have represented a huge oxygen sink, drawing down levels of atmospheric oxygen. There appeared to be a veritable seesaw in oxygen concentrations, apparently triggered initially by the GOE. The GOE did not produce enough oxygen to oxygenate the oceans. Dissolved iron was removed from the oceans not by reaction with oxygen but rather by reaction with sulfide. Thus, the deep oceans remained anoxic and became rich in sulfide, instead of becoming well oxygenated.

Download Full-text

Effect of Clay, Soil Organic Matter, and Soil pH on Initial and Residual Weed Control with Flumioxazin

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11071326 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1326

Author(s):

Calvin F. Glaspie ◽

Eric A. L. Jones ◽

Donald Penner ◽

John A. Pawlak ◽

Wesley J. Everman

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Weed Control ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Matter Content ◽

Weed Species ◽

Soil Organic Matter Content ◽

Field Soils

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of soil organic matter content and soil pH on initial and residual weed control with flumioxazin by planting selected weed species in various lab-made and field soils. Initial control was determined by planting weed seeds into various lab-made and field soils treated with flumioxazin (71 g ha−1). Seeds of Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass), Setaria faberi (giant foxtail), Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed), and Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf) were incorporated into the top 1.3 cm of each soil at a density of 100 seeds per pot, respectively. Emerged plants were counted and removed in both treated and non-treated pots two weeks after planting and each following week for six weeks. Flumioxazin control was evaluated by calculating percent emergence of weeds in treated soils compared to the emergence of weeds in non-treated soils. Clay content was not found to affect initial flumioxazin control of any tested weed species. Control of A. theophrasti, E. crus-galli, and S. faberi was reduced as soil organic matter content increased. The control of A. retroflexus was not affected by organic matter. Soil pH below 6 reduced flumioxazin control of A. theophrasti, and S. faberi but did not affect the control of A. retroflexus and E. crus-galli. Flumioxazin residual control was determined by planting selected weed species in various lab-made and field soils 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after treatment. Eight weeks after treatment, flumioxazin gave 0% control of A. theophrasti and S. faberi in all soils tested. Control of A. retroflexus and Chenopodium album (common lambsquarters) was 100% for the duration of the experiment, except when soil organic matter content was greater than 3% or the soil pH 7. Eight weeks after treatment, 0% control was only observed for common A. retroflexus and C. album in organic soil (soil organic matter > 80%) or when soil pH was above 7. Control of A. theophrasti and S. faberi decreased as soil organic matter content and soil pH increased. Similar results were observed when comparing lab-made soils to field soils; however, differences in control were observed between lab-made organic matter soils and field organic matter soils. Results indicate that flumioxazin can provide control ranging from 75–100% for two to six weeks on common weed species.

Download Full-text

Number of Microorganisms in the Soil Cultivated with Legume-Grass Mixtures Supplied with Phytohormones and Nitrogen

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb649468 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 498-504

Author(s):

Jacek SOSNOWSKI ◽

Kazimierz JANKOWSKI ◽

Roxana VIDICAN ◽

Beata WIŚNIEWSKA-KADŻAJAN ◽

Elżbieta MALINOWSKA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Microorganisms ◽

Soil Fungi ◽

Red Clover ◽

Soil Material ◽

Humus Layer ◽

Number Of Microorganisms ◽

Four Levels ◽

Intensive Development ◽

Number Of Bacteria ◽

Different Doses

The study concerned the number of microorganisms colonizing the humus layer and under plough soil from the cultivation of perennial ryegrass mixtures with red clover, which were fed by biostimulant based on the phytohormones and different doses of nitrogen. Nitrogen was applied at four levels-control (no nitrogen), 50, 100 and 150 kg N∙ha-1, biostimulant in two combinations - with and without preparation. Soil material to assess the size of individual groups of microorganisms was collected from each experimental plot in autumn 2010 from the humus (0-20 cm) and under plough layers (20-40 cm). The analysis of soil samples for a total number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi was conducted at the Department of Agricultural Microbiology IUNG-PIB in Pulawy. Results of studies have shown that more colonies of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi were colonized the humus horizon. Biostimulant application in this cultivation led to a decrease of the total number of colonies of the all soil microorganisms groups but improved the ratio of bacteria to fungi. Increasing doses of mineral nitrogen by the limiting of the bacteria number and intensive development of soil fungi, helped to narrow the B/F ratio.

Download Full-text

Microbiology Factor Measurement as Indoor Air Quality Parameter in Public Space

BIOEDUKASI ◽

10.19184/bioedu.v17i2.14482 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Oktofa Setia Pamungkas ◽

Henny Ayu Nirwala ◽

Dina Mala Pardede

Keyword(s):

Public Space ◽

Quality Parameter ◽

The Public ◽

East Kalimantan ◽

Number Of Microorganisms ◽

Private And Public ◽

Factor Measurement ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Indoor Spaces ◽

Number Of Bacteria

Nearly 90% of people spend their time in both private and public indoor spaces. Bank is one of the public indoor spaces accessible to the community, as well as a place for some workers spending time every day. This study was conducted in 6 banking sectors in Samarinda, East Kalimantan, focusing on the existence of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi/mold. The purpose was to investigate the number of microorganisms, both bacteria and fungi, contained in indoor areas of several bank offices in Samarinda. The results showed that the number of bacteria and fungi at several sampling points in 6 offices were above the standard of Permenaker RI No. 5 the year of 2018 and Permenkes RI No. 48 the year of 2016, i.e.,>700 cfu/m3 for bacteria and >1000 cfu/m3 for fungi.

Download Full-text

Efektivitas Kompos Limbah Jagung Menggunakan Dekomposer Bakteri dan Cendawan pada Tanaman Jagung

JURNAL PANGAN ◽

10.33964/jp.v27i2.378 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 129-140

Author(s):

Faesal Pate

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

The Other ◽

Organic Matter Sources ◽

Green House ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

K Fertilizer

Utilization of maize waste as the organic matter sources in agricultural land couldn’t be directly applied, caused by late decomposition prosess. An effort to accelerate of maize waste decomposting needed bioactivator. The research was conducted in green house and Bajeng Research Intallation from March to August 2015. The research was arranged in randomized block design using isolate bacteria and fungus just one or theier combining ie: three bacteria (B7.1,E7.7and E7.11), three fungus (M7, O5, P7), and four bacteria-fungus combining(B7.1+O5, B7.1+M7, E7.7+P7, B7.1+E7.7+O5), EM4 and N,P,K fertilizer(200,45,60) ha-1as the check treatment. Just one isolate fertilized by 75 percent N,P,K while combine isolate fertilized by 50 percent N,P,K recommended. The results indicated that just one decomposer E7.7 produced high enouugh grain yield not siqnificantly different by N,P,K (200,45,60) and five other just one treatment (E7.11,B7.1,M7 and O5), however siqnificantly different with combining decomposer (B7.1+O5, E7.11+M7, E7.7+P7, B7.1+E7.7+O5 and EM4). This mean that using stalk plus leaf waste maize compost could be subtitution in organic fertilizer untill 25 percent. Meanwhile combining decomposer was good enough for composting stalk and leaf of maize waste ie. isolate B7.1+O5 and E7.7+P7 although not significntly different with the other combine isolate including EM4. Thise case related by applied 50 percent N,P,K inorganic recommended fertilizer did not sufficient to supporting maize nutrient.Key Words: Decomposer, Bacteria, Fungus, Composting,Maize waste

Download Full-text

Potential relevance of Mortierella alpina as a source of ice nucleating particles in soil

10.5194/bg-2018-79 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Franz Conen ◽

Mikhail V. Yakutin

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Soil Fungus ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Mortierella Alpina ◽

Soil Particles ◽

The Tropics

Abstract. Soil organic matter carries ice nucleating particles (INP) of which the origin is hard to define and that are active at slight supercooling. The discovery and characterisation of INP produced by the widespread soil fungus Mortierella alpina permits a more targeted investigation of the likely origin of INP in soils. We searched for INP with characteristics similar to those reported for M. alpina (INPM-like) in 20 soil samples from four areas in the northern midlatitudes and one area in the tropics. In the 15 samples where we could detect INPM-like, they constituted between 1 and 94 % (median 11 %) of all INP active at −10 °C or warmer associated with soil particles

Download Full-text

Analysis of Microbial Characteristics for BAF

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.264 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 295-298 ◽

pp. 264-267

Author(s):

Mei Lan ◽

Jia Yuan Zhang ◽

Wei Wei Zhao ◽

Meng Dong ◽

Yong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Theoretical Basis ◽

Degradation Mechanism ◽

Bacterial Number ◽

Test Results ◽

Biological Aerated Filter ◽

Microbial Characteristics ◽

Number Of Microorganisms ◽

Living Bacterium ◽

Aerated Filter

In the biological aerated filter, the number of microorganisms and activity play a key role on the removal of the organic matter. Studying the microbial mass distribution is a useful method for understanding the organic matter degradation mechanism, and it can provide theoretical basis for the operations. Blood count plate was adopted to determine the number of living bacterium, the test results show that attachment biomass of activated carbon reduce with the increase of the height. The biomass and the viable bacterial number counted in the height of 25cm from BAF water level is 15.0 CFU/g·dwC whereas 3.24mg/g·dwc by VAS, which is the largest along the height. Backwashing restored the microbial activity in BAF, after back washing, biomass at different height from25 to105cm are 0.6 mg VAS/g·dwc or so, which is almost similar to filtering beginning.

Download Full-text