Effects of feeding diets containing Crotalaria retusa L. seed to broiler chickens

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Ross ◽  
J. W. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Feeding Diets ◽  
Feather Development ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

SummarySeeds of the plant Crotalaria retusa L., containing 4·4% of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline, were fed in a finely ground form to broiler chickens at 0·005, 0·01, 0·05, 0·10 and 0·50% by weight of the diet continuously for 8 weeks.Feeding 0·005% and 0·01% had no effect on the growth performance of the birds. A non-significant reduction in live-weight gain, one death and chronic disease resulted from feeding 0·05%. At 0·10% and 0·50% there was high mortality and reduced voluntary feed intake, live-weight gain and feed conversion efficiency, the severity of the response being greater at 0·50%.Feather development was inhibited in birds fed 0·10% and 0·50% C. retusa seed.Until further research is done to determine the effect of feeding between 0·01% and 0·05% ground C. retusa seed in the diet of broiler chickens, it is suggested that the maximum should be 0·01%.

scholarly journals Mucuna pruriens seeds given in broiler diets on growth performance and carcass yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Ronald Herve Santos Ricalde ◽  
Luis Sarmiento Franco ◽  
Francisco Lopez Santiz ◽  
Carlos Sandoval Castro
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Live Weight Gain

The aim of this study was to evaluated the effect of soaked Mucuna pruriens (MP) seeds in tap water, acid or alkaline solution + cooking on its L-Dopa content and on the productive performance of broiler chickens. Ninety-six sexed chicks aged 21-days old with an initial live weight of 720 ± 80 g were used. Four diets were used, a control without MP (C) and three diets including 25 % MP: a) soaked MP in tap water + cooking (WMP); b) soaked MP in acetic acid solution + cooking (AAMP); c) soaked MP in calcium hydroxide solution + cooking (CHMP). The alkaline treatment reduced 71 % of L-Dopa in comparison to acid or water treatment (53 % and 41 % respectively). In the starter phase, the acid group had the lowest live weight gain (p<0.05) and highest feed conversion ratio when compared to control (p<0.05). Productive performance of birds fed with CHMP and C group was similar (p>0.05). In the finisher phase, there was not statistical difference in feed intake, live weight gain and feed conversion ratio among treatments (p>0.05). No differences were observed in carcass yield (p>0.05), but, the birds fed MP or AAMP had a heavier liver than birds on C group (p<0.05). Results shown that 25 % of CHMP can be used as feedstuff for broiler chickens without negative effects in their productive performance. Keywords: Velvet bean, L-Dopa, Poultry, weight gain.

Effects of feeding diets containing Crotalaria retusa L. seed to growing pigs

1977 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Subclinical Disease ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Feeding Diets

SummarySeeds of the plant Crotalaria retusa L., containing 4·4% of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline, were fed in a finely ground form to groups of four pigs from 6 weeks of age. Six levels, 0·004, 0·01, 0·02, 0·05, 0·10 and 0·50% by weight of seed in the diet, were fed continuously for up to 19 weeks. In addition a separate regime, designed to mirror an outbreak of poisoning at a local piggery, consisted of feeding 0·10% for 3 weeks followed by 0·05% for 1 week.Exposure to more than 0·01%, whether fed continuously or not, resulted in reduced voluntary feed intake and live-weight gain, and high mortality. At 0·50% a reduction in feed conversion efficiency was also obvious. Levels of 0·004% and 0·01% had no significant effect on the production performance of the pigs.The results of this trial suggest that no more than 0·01% ground C. retusa seed should be included in the diets of pigs. When 0·004%–0·01% is included care should be taken as the long-term effect of the subclinical disease produced is not known.

EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTAL NEEM (Azadirachta indica) AND GARLIC (Allium sativum) ON GROWTH AND CARCASS YIELD OF FINISHING BROILER

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
R. A. SOBAYO ◽  
S. B. MUHAMMAD ◽  
O. O. OSO ◽  
O. M. SOGUNLE ◽  
Y. A. ADEJOLA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Feeding Diets

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding diets containing Neem Leaf Meal (NLM), Garlic Meal (GM) and their combinations (NLM + GM) on growth performance and carcass yield of finishing broiler. A total of 180 day-old Cobb broiler chickens were divided into twelve groups of fifteen chicks with three replicate of five chicks each. The diet contained NLM, GM and NLM + GM at four levels of inclusion (0mg/kg, 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg and 1500mg/kg). The experiment was arranged in a 3 × 4 factorial layout in a completely randomized design. Additives and levels of inclusion had no significant (P>0.05) influence on performance parameters except feed intake which was influenced (p<0.05) by NLM + GM and 1000mg/kg levels of inclusion. Final live weight (2516.67g/bird), weight gain (1742.00g/bird), daily weight gain (62.2g/bird/day) and feed conversion ratio (2.32) were improved (p<0.05) at 1500mg/kg levels of inclusion of NLM + GM. Thigh (11.68%), wings (8.44), neck (4.23%) and gizzard (2.13%) of birds fed GM were improved (P<0.05) than those of NLM. Carcass weight was influenced (p<0.05) by additives at various inclusion levels with wings (9.01%), head (3.39%), neck (4.52%), shanks (4.49%) and gizzard (2.42%) highest (p<0.05) in birds fed GM at 1500mg/kg levels of inclusion than those of 0mg/kg levels of inclusion. It was concluded that the use of NLM + GM as additives yielded commendable result on performance and carcass weight of finishing broiler birds   This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding diets containing Neem Leaf Meal (NLM), Garlic Meal (GM) and their combinations (NLM + GM) on growth performance and carcass yield of finishing broiler. A total of 180 day-old Cobb broiler chickens were divided into twelve groups of fifteen chicks with three replicate of five chicks each. The diet contained NLM, GM and NLM + GM at four levels of inclusion (0mg/kg, 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg and 1500mg/kg). The experiment was arranged in a 3 × 4 factorial layout in a completely randomized design. Additives and levels of inclusion had no significant (P>0.05) influence on performance parameters except feed intake which was influenced (p<0.05) by NLM + GM and 1000mg/kg levels of inclusion. Final live weight (2516.67g/bird), weight gain (1742.00g/bird), daily weight gain (62.2g/bird/day) and feed conversion ratio (2.32) were improved (p<0.05) at 1500mg/kg levels of inclusion of NLM + GM. Thigh (11.68%), wings (8.44), neck (4.23%) and gizzard (2.13%) of birds fed GM were improved (P<0.05) than those of NLM. Carcass weight was influenced (p<0.05) by additives at various inclusion levels with wings (9.01%), head (3.39%), neck (4.52%), shanks (4.49%) and gizzard (2.42%) highest (p<0.05) in birds fed GM at 1500mg/kg levels of inclusion than those of 0mg/kg levels of inclusion. It was concluded that the useof NLM + GM as additives yielded commendable result on performance and carcass weight of finishing broiler birds Keywords: Neem, garlic, broilers, performance, carcass characteristics. 

The utilization of maize silage for intensive beef production: I. The effect of level and source of supplementary nitrogen on the utilization of maize silage by cattle of different ages

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Thomas ◽  
J. M. Wilkinson ◽  
J. C. Tayler
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Urea Addition

SUMMARYFifty-four British Friesian castrated male calves, initially 3, 6 or 9 months of age (107, 180 and 249 kg initial live weight, respectively), were individually fed for 83 days on maize silage (27·9% dry matter (D.M.), 10·7% crude protein in D.M.), offeredad libitum. Silage was offered either alone or supplemented with cobs of dried lucerne (21% of total D.M. intake). Three levels of urea (0, 1 and 2% of silage D.M.) were added to the silage before feeding.Total D.M. intakes averaged 23·0, 23·4 and 21·6 g/kg live weight (LW) for the 3-, 6- and 9-month-old animals, respectively. Addition of urea increased silage intake by 11% in the 6-month-old group but there was little effect in the 3- and 9-month-old groups. Lucerne supplementation reduced silage D.M. intake from 22·0 to 18·4 g/kg LW (P< 0·001) and increased total D.M. intake by 1·4 g/kg LW (P< 0·001).Live-weight gain (LWG) of the cattle fed on silage alone increased (P< 0·001) with increasing age of animal. The main effect of urea was to elevate (P< 0·001) LWG from an average of 0·79 (no urea) to 0·94 kg/head/day (2% urea). However, it appeared that most of this effect was confined to the 6-month-old group. The effect of lucerne on LWG decreased with increasing age of animal (P< 0·001). Inclusion of lucerne in the diet significantly reduced the response to urea (P< 0·05).Feed conversion efficiency (LWG/100 Mcal DE intake) decreased (P< 0·01) with increasing age of animal but increased with urea addition from an average of 4·7 (no urea) to 5·3 kg LWG/100 Meal DE intake (2% urea). The response to lucerne supplementation in terms of efficiency was greatest in the 3-month-old group and thereafter declined markedly with increasing age of animal.The results of this experiment indicated that cattle older than 6 months of age (180 kg LW) could achieve a rate of growth of 1·0 kg/head/day on maize silage supplemented solely with urea, but that younger animals required supplementary lucerne to support a high rate of live-weight gain.

scholarly journals Effect of stocking density on performance, carcass yield, productivity, and bone development in broiler chickens Cobb 500®

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2705
Author(s):  
Cleoneide Dos Santos Henrique ◽  
Andréia Fróes Galuci Oliveira ◽  
Thales Silva Ferreira ◽  
Eduardo Santos Silva ◽  
Bruna Finotti Fonseca Reis de Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Phase ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This study aimed to assess the effect of stocking density of 10, 12, 14, and 16 birds m?2 on performance, carcass and cut yields, productivity, and bone development of broiler chickens Cobb 500®. The experimental design was completely randomized design with four treatments (stocking densities) and four replications. The assessments were performed weekly at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days. The best live weight result was found at a density of 10 birds m?2 in the period from 1 to 7 days. No effect of density was observed on feed intake and weight gain. From 1 to 14 days, the best live weights were found at densities of 10, 12, and 14 birds m?2, in addition to a higher feed intake at densities of 10 and 12 birds m?2. Weight gain was better at a density of 10 birds m?2, showing no differences from densities of 12 and 14 birds m?2. In the period from 1 to 21 days, live weight and weight gain were higher at densities of 10, 12, and 14 birds m?2. The highest feed intake was observed at a density of 10 birds m?2, which showed no difference from the density of 14 birds m?2. A difference (P < 0.05) was observed for live weight, weight gain, and feed intake of animals reared at densities of 10, 12, and 14 birds m?2 for the phases from 1 to 35 days and the total phase from 1 to 42 days of bird age when compared to 16 birds m?2, which presented lower performance. However, feed conversion of 1-7, 1-14, 1-21, 1-35, and 1-42 days and carcass and cut characteristics showed no significant differences for all treatments. On the other hand, productivity was higher in the treatments with 14 and 16 birds m?2, but without difference between each other. No interaction (P > 0.05) was observed between stocking density and age for the assessed bone parameters. Similarly, no difference (P > 0.05) was observed for bone development of broiler chickens reared at different stocking densities for the studied parameters. Thus, the increased density of 10 or 12 birds m?2 to 14 birds m?2 has no influence on zootechnical performance, carcass and cut yields, and bone development, but increases broiler chicken productivity reared in a conventional shed without air conditioning.

EFFECT OF DIETARY CATION-ANION BALANCE AND CALCIUM CONTENT ON GENERAL PERFORMANCE AND INCIDENCE OF LEG ABNORMALITIES OF BROILER CHICKENS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. HULAN ◽  
K. B. McRAE ◽  
F. G. PROUDFOOT ◽  
P. C. M. SIMONS ◽  
P. J. W. VAN SCHAGEN
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Tibial Dyschondroplasia ◽  
General Performance ◽  
Feeding Diets ◽  
Main Effects

A factorial experiment with 1440 day-old Hubbard chicks was conducted to assess the interacting effects of dietary Na, K, Cl and Ca on general performance and incidence of leg abnormalities, especially tibial dyschondroplasia (TD). For Ca at 0.95%, all combinations of Na (0.17, 0.30), K (0.80, 1.10, 1.40), Cl (0.22, 0.44) were present; for Ca at 1.38% the combinations were the same except for K (0.80, 1.40). The various cation combinations produced 12 and 8 different meq kg−1 of (Na + K − Cl) for Ca at 0.95 and 1.38%, respectively. Body weight gain and feed conversion were affected by the main effects K, Ca and Na and also by their interaction. Both weight gain and efficiency of feed utilization were influenced by cation-anion balance as shown by significant Ca × K, Na × K, Ca × Na (feed conversion only) and K × Cl interactions. Increasing dietary K or Na increased litter moisture, whereas Cl moderated the effect of Ca. The incidence of TD was reduced by increasing dietary Ca, Na or K but their effects are interdependent on each other and on the level of dietary Cl as evidenced by significant Ca × Na, Na × K and Na × K × Cl interactions. Feeding diets with (Na + K − Cl) between 155 and 300 meq kg−1 had little effect on growth and feed conversion. Dietary Ca level changed both the pattern and response of birds for growth and feed utilization, suggesting that the term meq kg−1 (Na + K − Cl) is an inadequate measure of dietary cation-anion balance. Key words: Dietary cation-anion, calcium, leg abnormalities, broilers

A note on the utilization of urea by Sudan desert sheep

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
H. M. Hassan ◽  
A. M. S. Mukhtar
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract

SUMMARYSixty-four young male Sudan desert lambs were group-fed for 87 days on four diets, all containing approximately 10% crude protein. The four diets contained 0, 1·3, 1·7 and 2·7% urea, respectively.Average daily gains were 0·15, 0·14, 0·14 and 0·13 kg; feed conversion ratios (kg of feed required to produce 1 kg live-weight gain) were 7·26, 8·14, 8·92 and 7·92; dressing percentages were 43·6, 42·1, 44·1 and 42·3.Digestibility trials with lambs fed on diets with 0 or 2·7% urea gave higher digestibility coefficients for crude fibre and nitrogen-free extract for the urea-supplemented lambs. Crude protein digestibility and nitrogen retention values were lower for urea-supplemented lambs.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF FEED RESTRICTION AT THE STARTER PHASE ON PERFORMANCE OF BROILER CHICKENS

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
M Tion ◽  
M. T. Orga ◽  
I. A. Adeka
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ad Libitum

Two hundred and twenty five day old straight run broiler chicks were utilized in completely randomized design to test the effect of restricting feed intake of four groups of chicks to 92.5% 85.0%, 77.5% and 70.0% of the unrestricted (control) group in the starter phase and following adlibitum feeding for all groups in the finisher phase. The treatments were simply designated as A, B, C, D and E. The starter phase in which the restriction was carried out lasted 28 days and the finisher phase 42 days. Parameters evaluated during the starter and finisher phases included; growth rate, feed conversion ration and mortality rate. Results show gain in weight among all groups while the group fed diet B and the control had comparable weight gain at the starter phase. The percentage weight difference between the control and each of the other dietary groups was: 4.4%, 8.4%, 8.6% and 10.4% for the treatments B, C, D and E respectively. Feed gain ration improved as the level of restriction became stricter. Following ad-libitum feeding of all grops at the finisher phase, the feed restricted groups at the starter phase voraciously increased their feed intake, thus, producing comparable performance values with the unrestricted (control) group in weight gain in the 8th week of the study. Although birds in all groups averaged more than 2000g final live weight in 10weeks, significant differences exist between groups that were fed diets C, D, and E that were restricted at the starter phase, an indication that complete compensatory growth was not obtainable. Feed gain ration improved for restricted groups. Mortality rate did not show any trend attributable to levels of feed restriction. This study shows that broiler chicks fed restricted levels of balanced diet at the starter phase but later fed ad-libitum at the finisher phase could attain a finished weight of about 2000g or more at a market age of 10 weeks (70 days) with an improvement in feed gain ration.

scholarly journals The Efficiency of Using Functional Feed Additives in Combined Feeds for Broiler Chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5292-5294
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Microbial Number ◽  
The Common ◽  
Experimental Group

The research was aimed at studying the efficiency of using functional feed additives based on fermented brewer's grains with vegetative filler and an adsorbent in combined feeds for broiler chickens. The use of the developed biological product resulted in increasing the live weight in the second group of chickens by 8.0 %, the average daily live weight gain – by 8.2 %, while reducing the feed used per unit of the product by 8.0 %. The results of analyzing the contents of the microflora of the caeca in the intestine showed a reduction of the common microbial number in the experimental group of chickens from 2x109 to 3x107 and an increase in the number of lactobacilli from 1x106 to 6x107. Therefore, the efficiency of the composite biological product in feeding broiler chickens has been proven.

Effect of feed additives on live weight gain of broiler chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-406
Author(s):  
Ellada K. Papunidi ◽  
◽  
Leysan V. Abdullina ◽  
Albina V. Potapova ◽  
Svetlana N. Savdur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Live Weight Gain
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