Studies of the chemical composition of kales and rapes. II. The rapes

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Total Sulphur ◽  
Organic Sulphur ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Sulphate Sulphur ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

1. Three varieties of giant rape, two broad leaved Essex rapes, Hungry Gap Kale and Rape-Kale, were grown at two centres in mid-Wales. They were sampled in the early winter period and the samples divided into separate leaf and stem samples. These samples were used to calculate leaf to stem ratios on a green and dry-matter basis.2. The levels of the proximate constituents, silica, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chlorine, total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and ‘organic’ sulphur were determined in the dried samples. Whole plant values were calculated from the leaf and stem values with the appropriate leaf to stem ratios.3. The leaf values for ether extract, crude protein, silica-free ash, silica, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, chlorine, total sulphur and ‘organic’ sulphur are higher than the corresponding stem values. For dry matter, crude fibre, nitrogen-free extractives and sodium the reverse is found, whilst for sulphate sulphur there is no definite distribution.4. There are no significant differences in composition between the main groups of varieties, and the rape-type kales are very similar to the other rapes in this respect.

Studies of the chemical composition of kales and rapes. I. The kales

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
The Other ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Plant Basis ◽  
Matter Basis

1. Four varieties of marrow stem kale, three of thousand headed kales, Hungry Gap Kale and Rape-Kale were grown at three centres in mid-Wales. They were sampled in the early winter period and separate leaf and stem samples analysed for the proximate constituents and minerals.2. Leaf to stem ratios were measured on both a green and dry matter basis and the latter values used to calculate whole plant values for the chemical constituents.3. The leaves of the marrow stem kales were higher in dry matter than the stems, except in the case of the Purple Stem Kale. This variety resembled the thousand headed and rape-type kales in having a higher dry matter in the stems. On a dry matter basis, the leaves of all the varieties were richer than the stems in ether extract, crude protein, total ash and all the minerals except potassium and sodium. These elements occurred to a greater extent in the stems of the fleshy stemmed marrow stem kales than in the leaves. The stems were higher in crude fibre and nitrogen-free extractives.4. The leaves of the rape-type kales were higher than those of the other varieties in silica, phosphorus and potassium. They were the best source of phosphorus on a whole plant basis. The marrow stem kales had considerably higher leaf and stem values for sodium and were markedly superior to the other varieties as a source of the element.

scholarly journals Depth-wise fractionation of sulphur in cultivated soils of low and mid hills of Himachal Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
Deepika Suri ◽  
V. K. Sharma ◽  
R. G. Upadhyay ◽  
Anjali K ◽  
Gazala Nazir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Total Sulphur ◽  
Total Sulphur Content ◽  
Organic Sulphur ◽  
Sulphate Sulphur

The current investigation was conducted to study the fractions of sulphur in nine districts of low and mid hills of Himachal Pradesh. For this purpose 31 representative soil sampling sites were selected from nine districts and the soil samples were analyzed for physicochemical properties and different fractions of sulphur (water soluble sulphur, exchangeable sulphur, available sulphur, non-sulphate sulphur, organic sulphur and total sulphur). The results indicated that the total sulphur in soils varied from 98.2 to 470.1 mg kg-1 in surface soil (0-15 cm) and 67.2 to 370.7 mg kg-1 in sub-surface layer (15-60 cm). The organic sulphur varied from 80.5 to 401.1 mg kg-1 in surface and 44 to 306.1 mg kg-1 in sub-surface layer. The water soluble sulphur, exchangeable sulphur, available sulphur and non-sulphate sulphur varied from 1.7 to 9.2, 2.7 to 18.4, 4.5 to 27.6 and 10.2 to 58.9 mg kg-1 respectively in surface soil and 0.5 to 5.4, 1 to 17.7, 3.7 to 23.5 and 12.5 to 50.2 mg kg-1, respectively in sub-surface soil. It was observed during course of study that with increase in the soil depth the content of different fractions of sulphur decreased. These soils had the major part of their total sulphur content in organic form followed by non-sulphate sulphur, available sulphur, exchangeable sulphur and water soluble sulphur. It can be concluded that the soil texture and organic carbon content played a major role in determining the quantity of different fractions of sulphur in these soils.

Bioelements and heavy metals in dry and wet depositions at some localities in the morava river basin

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 277-283
Author(s):  
E. Kocková ◽  
M. Palát ◽  
M. Betušová
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Liquid Component ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Morava River ◽  
Lead Nickel ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Copper Lead ◽  
Morava River Basin

Bioelements contained both in liquid and solid fall-out appear to be one of the potential sources of surface water pollution or effects on the landscape. The aim of the several-year monitoring consists in determining differences in the content of these components in particular localities of our region. To compare results, the methods of taking the samples as well as procedures in their processing were maintained although there are changes in the development and use of the methods. Due to technical reasons, it was not possible to separate liquid and solid components earlier than at two-month intervals. In spite of this, we use terms liquid and solid fall-out in determining the results although some small changes can occur in the liquid component. In comparing results of analyses from particular localities, it is necessary to take into account also the direction of prevailing winds which can help in identifying sources of air-borne components in fall-outs. All the fallout station localities were situated in such a way sources from the immediate vicinity to be eliminated. Sample analyses are aimed at general characteristics, i.e. dry matter, ash, water and macroelements (nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, aluminium, manganese) and microelements (boron, zinc, molybdenum, copper, lead, nickel, chromium, cadmium and mercury). At present, the measurements continue and results obtained are processed.

scholarly journals Effects of hybrid on maize grain and plant carbohydrates

Genetika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Radosavljevic ◽  
Marija Milasinovic-Seremesic ◽  
Dusanka Terzic ◽  
Goran Todorovic ◽  
Zorica Pajic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Maize Plant ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Maize Grain

Maize is one of the most important naturally renewable carbohydrate raw materials. The basic chemical composition (content of starch, protein, oil, crude fibre and ash) and the content of lignocellulose fibres (content of NDF, ADF, ADL, hemicelullose and cellulose) were determined for grain and the whole maize plant of the seven ZP maize hybrids. The negative very significant correlation between protein and starch content (r=-0.78) and significant correlation between oil and starch content (r=-0.65) was obtained in grain. The hybrid ZP 666 had the highest starch, crude fibre, ADF and cellulose content, high NDF content, the lowest ADL and low protein content in grain. The lowest starch, crude fibre, ADF, cellulose content and the highest protein and oil content in grain was determined in hybrid ZP 158. The hybrid ZP 730 had the highest and hybrid ZP158 the lowest dry matter yield of whole plant, whole plant without ear, ear and yield of digestible dry matter of whole plant. The differences in the contents of NDF, ADF, ADL, hemicelluloses, cellulose and digestibility of the whole maize plant among observed ZP hybrids were 6.21%, 4.01%, 0.79%, 5.65%, 3.88% and 6.79%, respectively. Obtained values for the content of lignocellulose fibres differed significantly among hybrids and were closely related to digestibility.

Magnesium metabolism in the dairy cow. III. The intake and excretion of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, water and dry matter in relation to the development of hypomagnesaemia

1962 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. F. Rook ◽  
C. C. Balch
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Average Intake ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
Grass Sward ◽  
Winter Diets

1. Information, obtained in the metabolism experiments described previously (Rook et al. 1958; Rook & Balch, 1958), is given on the intake and oxcretion, of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, water and dry matter by milking cows receiving winter-stall diets or cut-grass in the stall.2. Grass diets cut from swards at an early stage of growth gave a lower intake of calcium, a lower Ca:P ratio and a lower intake of alkaline earth alkali (Ca + Mg – P in g. equiv./day) than did typical winter diets or a grass diet cut from a sward at a mature stage of growth.3. The intake of potassium was considerably higher with the grass diets (mean value, 327 g./day) than with the typical winter diets (mean value, 181 g./day). The intake of sodium, however, showed a similar range for cut-grass and winter stall diets, but the lowest average intake, of about 10 g./day, was with an early cut of a cocksfoot/rye-grass sward.4. The water ingested with the food was highest with the cut-grass diets but this was largely compensated for by a decrease in the water drunk. In a few individual animals, however, diuresis developed a few days after the feeding of grass was commenced and this was associated with a marked increase in the water drunk.5. No major difference in the metabolism of sodium, potassium or water was observed between the cut grass diets and the winter diets and the results obtained do not support the view that the fluidity of faeces of cattle at pasture in the spring is indicative of diarrhoea and is associated with an excessive loss of nutrients via athe faecal route.6. There was no evidence to suggest that the development of hypomagnesaemia was related to the amounts of calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium consumed and excreted with the cut grass diets.

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Waltheria Indica Linn whole plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
B. Rafiu ◽  
I.O. Lawal ◽  
M.B. Olaniyi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fresh Sample ◽  
Antioxidants Activity ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

Waltheria indica is a promising medicinal plant belonging to family Malvaceae, which many biological activities of the solvent extracts of its various parts have been scientifically evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate and analyze the minerals, crude fibre and fat contents, the phytochemical constituents as well as the antioxidants activity of the powder sample of W. indica whole plant. Fresh sample of whole W. indica plant was collected and airdried at room temperature. The mineral constituents were determined by spectrophotometry. The crude fibre, fat contents and the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical compositions were determined using standard analytical procedure. The antioxidants activity was determined using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assays. The mineral analysis results revealed the presence of micro and macro nutrients such as potassium, calcium, magnesium and manganese among others which are within the acceptable health range. The values (23.8%; 0.15%) obtained for both crude fibre and fat contents were reasonable. The qualitative phytochemical screening established the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, anthraquinones and phenol. Steroids are in abundance while Cardiac glycosides are absent. The quantity of alkaloids (1.9%), saponins (1.4%), flavonoids (3.1%) and tannins (17422μg/GAE) are in appreciable amount which may be responsible for its various activities. W. indica showed good inhibitory scavenging activity and better reducing ability  compared to ascorbic acid. The results obtained from this study provide further scientific evidence to support the ethno-medicinal information on the uses of W. indica in the treatment of various health issues.

scholarly journals NUTRITIONAL STUDIES AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CALOCYBE INDICA, MILKY MUSHROOM

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 805-807
Author(s):  
N.K. Sankaranarayanan ◽  
◽  
S. Krishna Kumari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Nutritional Analysis ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Calocybe Indica ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Nutritional Studies ◽  
Pharmacologically Active Compounds

Nutritional and Quantitative analysis of the milky mushroom (Calocybe indica) were carriedout. The nutritional analysis results showed the presence of Moisture,Crude fibre, ash and low content in fat value. Micro nutrients like Iron,Zinc,Copper Selenium and Manganese were tested along with Macro nutrients like Sodium,Potassium,Calcium,Phosphorus amd Magnesium were tested with mushroom dry powder. Quantitative analysis confirmed that both the mushrooms possess the presence of pharmacologically active compounds like phenols, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. Further subjection of these mushrooms for quantitative analysis showed the presence of protein 0.66 (T1), 0.61(T2),Free amino acids, 0.44(T1).0.35(T2),Total Phenols 0.55 (T1),0.80(T2),Tanin 0.14 (T1), 0.19( T2).Thus, the study suggests that mushroom varieties are nutrient rich and compounds that can be explored for their medicinal properties.

Biochemical Components and Other Characteristics of Maturing Pods of Vegetable Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

1986 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusola Omueti ◽  
O. A. Ojomo ◽  
O. Ogunyanwo ◽  
S. Olafare
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Biochemical Components ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Iron And Calcium

SUMMARYPods of vegetable cowpea Vigna unguiculata Walp. cv. Dinner were harvested at various developmental stages and their biochemical components and other characteristics analysed in two years. Pod length, percentage dry matter and starch, fresh and dry weights and total yield of sugar and starch per unit area increased with age. The percentage total yield of sugars was greatest in pods aged between 11 and 13 days. Vitamin C, total acidity, crude fibre and crude protein percentage decreased with age. Content of minerals except iron also decreased with age of pods. Magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, manganese and copper contents were greater in 1977 than in 1979 but iron and calcium contents were smaller. The vegetable cowpea pods were a rich source of calcium, magnesium, potassium and iron. Pods harvested between 7 and 10 days after flowering were crisply tasty and high in nutrients and therefore nutritionally the most acceptable for consumption.

scholarly journals Proximate Analysis and Elemental Composition of Terminalia Catappa Fruit

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Idris M. Omenesa ◽  
Suleiman A. Itopa ◽  
Jwan’an L. Emmanuel ◽  
Abdulsalaam O. Abdulazeez ◽  
Sambo Ponfa
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Food Chemistry ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Iron Manganese

Introduction: Terminalia catappa is a large tropical tree in the lead wood tree family, combretacea. This plant is regarded as a medicinal plant and can be used in the treatment of cough, syphilis, hydropsy, rheumatism, and other infections. Aim: This study assessed the nutritional value of Terminalia catappa and the composition of elements present in the plant fruit. Methods: Proximate analysis was carried out according to food chemistry analytical methods and elements were estimated by atomic absorption and flame spectroscopy respectively. Results: Proximate analysis showed that the fruits contained 81.96% moisture content, 1.47% ash, 0.04% crude fat, 1.11% crude protein, 14.05% carbohydrate, and 1.41% crude fibre. The fruits were found to be good sources of minerals. Sodium (2.1±0.01 mg/100 g), potassium (72.5±1.03 mg/100 g), calcium (320±2.00mg/100g), magnesium (20±2.65 mg/100 g), iron (20±3.0 mg/100 g), manganese (2±0.36 mg/100 g), and zinc (8±1.25 mg/100 g). Conclusion: The results revealed the presence of nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, crude fats, crude fibre, moisture, and ash in small amounts. And elements analysis shows that sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, and zinc are in appreciable amount. These constituents are therefore responsible for the biochemical values of Terminalia catappa fruits.

The effects of singling and advancing season on the composition of thousand-headed kale

1962 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral Levels

1. Five varieties of thousand-headed kale, grown in singled and unsingled plots, were sampled three times during the winter at monthly intervals. The plants were divided into leaf, top half of the stem and bottom half. Dry matter, the proximate constituents and minerals were determined in the samples.2. The differences in the composition of the leaf and stem of the plant were similar to those found previously and the top half of the stem was intermediate in composition between the leaf and the bottom half of the stem for all the constituents except potassium.3. The proportions of the various constituents occurring in the three portions of the plant were calculated and considered in terms of the incomplete utilization of the crop by grazing animals.4. There were significant increases in the percentage of dry matter in all three portions of the plant as the season advanced. The only other significant changes in composition with advancing season were in the leaf in which the levels of crude protein, crude fibre, ash, calcium, phosphorus and sulphate varied.5. Singling the crop had no significant effects on its composition, but there was a tendency for the stems of the singled crop to be lower in crude fibre and higher in crude protein and several of the minerals.6. There were very few differences in the composition of the varieties. They were mainly due to the higher mineral levels in one variety.7. Samples of the two halves of the stem of thousand-headed kale were divided into their main tissues, e.g. rind, xylem and marrow. These were analysed in the same manner as the samples in the main investigation. The results were used in an attempt to explain the effects of singling, advancing season and variety in terms of different ratios of these tissues.

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