NUTRITIONAL STUDIES AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF CALOCYBE INDICA, MILKY MUSHROOM

Nutritional and Quantitative analysis of the milky mushroom (Calocybe indica) were carriedout. The nutritional analysis results showed the presence of Moisture,Crude fibre, ash and low content in fat value. Micro nutrients like Iron,Zinc,Copper Selenium and Manganese were tested along with Macro nutrients like Sodium,Potassium,Calcium,Phosphorus amd Magnesium were tested with mushroom dry powder. Quantitative analysis confirmed that both the mushrooms possess the presence of pharmacologically active compounds like phenols, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. Further subjection of these mushrooms for quantitative analysis showed the presence of protein 0.66 (T1), 0.61(T2),Free amino acids, 0.44(T1).0.35(T2),Total Phenols 0.55 (T1),0.80(T2),Tanin 0.14 (T1), 0.19( T2).Thus, the study suggests that mushroom varieties are nutrient rich and compounds that can be explored for their medicinal properties.

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Eleutherosides in Aerial Parts of Eleutherococcus Species Cultivated in Poland

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/94.5.1422 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 94 (5) ◽

pp. 1422-1426 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel Załuski ◽

Helena Danuta Smolarz ◽

Monika Szpilewska

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Hydroxide ◽

The Philippines ◽

Eleutherococcus Senticosus ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Mobile Phases ◽

Medicinal Properties ◽

Pharmacologically Active ◽

Pharmacologically Active Compounds ◽

First Time ◽

Chloroform Methanol

Abstract Many Eleutherococcus species grow in Siberia, China, Korea, Japan, and the Philippines. The most well known is Eleutherococcus senticosus, which contains pharmacologically active compounds, such as eleutherosides, flavonoids, vitamins, and complex polysaccharides. E. senticosus owes its medicinal properties mainly to eleutherosides. The objective of this study was to determine eleutherosides B, E, and E1 in the aerial parts of different Eleutherococcus species. The eleutherosides were extracted with ethanol, and the extracts were cleaned by SPE on C18 columns, and then analyzed by HPTLC. Silica gel plates with fluorescence indicator, designated F254, were used with chloroform–methanol–water (70 + 30 + 4, v/v/v) and chloroform–methanol–toluene–ammonium hydroxide (9 + 6 + 3 + 2, v/vv/v) mobile phases. Two-step elution with these mobile phases was used for the development of chromatograms. Eleutherosides were visualized by derivatization with Liebermann-Burchard reagent. This reagent was used for the first time to detect eleutherosides. Eleutherosides B, E, and E1 were detected in the fruits of the investigated species. E. senticosus contained three of the investigated compounds, and E. sessiliflorus, E. gracilistylus, and E. divaricatus two compounds each.

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Studies of the chemical composition of kales and rapes. II. The rapes

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600036741 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 238-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D. J. C. Jones

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Winter Period ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Sodium Potassium ◽

Total Sulphur ◽

Organic Sulphur ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Sulphate Sulphur ◽

Calcium Phosphorus ◽

Calcium Magnesium

1. Three varieties of giant rape, two broad leaved Essex rapes, Hungry Gap Kale and Rape-Kale, were grown at two centres in mid-Wales. They were sampled in the early winter period and the samples divided into separate leaf and stem samples. These samples were used to calculate leaf to stem ratios on a green and dry-matter basis.2. The levels of the proximate constituents, silica, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chlorine, total sulphur, sulphate sulphur and ‘organic’ sulphur were determined in the dried samples. Whole plant values were calculated from the leaf and stem values with the appropriate leaf to stem ratios.3. The leaf values for ether extract, crude protein, silica-free ash, silica, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, chlorine, total sulphur and ‘organic’ sulphur are higher than the corresponding stem values. For dry matter, crude fibre, nitrogen-free extractives and sodium the reverse is found, whilst for sulphate sulphur there is no definite distribution.4. There are no significant differences in composition between the main groups of varieties, and the rape-type kales are very similar to the other rapes in this respect.

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Liquid petroleum products. Determination of Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Phosphorus, Copper and Zinc contents in diesel fuel. Method via Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES)

10.3403/30267088 ◽

2014 ◽

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Optical Emission ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

Icp Oes ◽

Sodium Potassium ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Calcium Phosphorus ◽

Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

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Vegetables, Potatoes and Their Products as Sources of Energy and Nutrients to the Average Diet in Poland

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18063217 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 3217

Author(s):

Hanna Górska-Warsewicz ◽

Krystyna Rejman ◽

Joanna Kaczorowska ◽

Wacław Laskowski

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Vitamin B6 ◽

Dietary Energy ◽

Sodium Potassium ◽

Vegetable Products ◽

Kohonen Neural Networks ◽

Calcium Phosphorus ◽

Total Fat

The aim of our study was to analyse vegetables, potatoes and their products as sources of energy and nutrients in the average diet in Poland. Representative data of the 2016 Household Budget Survey from 36,886 households were used. This is the largest study sample in Poland, so we generalized the conclusions to the whole population using the statement ‘average diet’. We analysed three main product groups: vegetables, vegetable products, and potatoes and potatoes products, dividing them into 14 subgroups (e.g., tomatoes, cabbage, carrots, other vegetables, and mushrooms). The percentages of energy, protein, carbohydrates, total fat, nine vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, and vitamin E), seven minerals (calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron, magnesium and zinc), and fibre from the analysed food subgroups are presented. Additionally, the influence of household characteristics on the supply of energy and nutrients from each subgroup of vegetables, potatoes, and their products was evaluated using cluster analysis. In the analysis, R programme and Kohonen neural networks were applied. Our study showed that vegetables, potatoes, and their products provide 7.3% of daily dietary energy supply. Vegetables contribute more than 20% of the supply of six nutrients: vitamin C (51.8%), potassium (32.5%), folate (31.0%), vitamin A (30.6%), vitamin B6 (27.8%), and magnesium (20.2%), as well as fibre (31.8%). Cluster analysis distinguished three clusters that differed in nutritional supply from vegetables, potatoes, and their products. Educational level, income measured by quintile groups, village size, socio-economic characteristics, urbanization degree, and land use were the most important factors determining differences between clusters.

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Podophyllotoxin: History, Recent Advances and Future Prospects

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11040603 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 603

Author(s):

Zinnia Shah ◽

Umar Farooq Gohar ◽

Iffat Jamshed ◽

Aamir Mushtaq ◽

Hamid Mukhtar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structure Optimization ◽

Cytokine Storm ◽

Chemotherapeutic Drug ◽

Future Prospects ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Pharmacologically Active ◽

Almost All ◽

Pharmacologically Active Compounds ◽

Synthetic Derivatives ◽

Related Compounds

Podophyllotoxin, along with its various derivatives and congeners are widely recognized as broad-spectrum pharmacologically active compounds. Etoposide, for instance, is the frontline chemotherapeutic drug used against various cancers due to its superior anticancer activity. It has recently been redeveloped for the purpose of treating cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. Podophyllotoxin and its naturally occurring congeners have low bioavailability and almost all these initially discovered compounds cause systemic toxicity and development of drug resistance. Moreover, the production of synthetic derivatives that could suffice for the clinical limitations of these naturally occurring compounds is not economically feasible. These challenges demanded continuous devotions towards improving the druggability of these drugs and continue to seek structure-optimization strategies. The discovery of renewable sources including microbial origin for podophyllotoxin is another possible approach. This review focuses on the exigency of innovation and research required in the global R&D and pharmaceutical industry for podophyllotoxin and related compounds based on recent scientific findings and market predictions.

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Development of A Continuous Fluorescence-Based Assay for N-Terminal Acetyltransferase D

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22020594 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 594

Author(s):

Yi-Hsun Ho ◽

Lan Chen ◽

Rong Huang

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

High Throughput Screening ◽

Coenzyme A ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Biological Functions ◽

Histone H4 ◽

Fluorescent Signal ◽

Pharmacologically Active ◽

Pharmacologically Active Compounds

N-terminal acetylation catalyzed by N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs) has various biological functions in protein regulation. N-terminal acetyltransferase D (NatD) is one of the most specific NAT with only histone H4 and H2A proteins as the known substrates. Dysregulation of NatD has been implicated in colorectal and lung cancer progression, implying its therapeutic potential in cancers. However, there is no reported inhibitor for NatD yet. To facilitate the discovery of small-molecule NatD inhibitors, we report the development of a fluorescence-based acetyltransferase assay in 384-well high-throughput screening (HTS) format through monitoring the formation of coenzyme A. The fluorescent signal is generated from the adduct in the reaction between coenzyme A and fluorescent probe ThioGlo4. The assay exhibited a Z′-factor of 0.77 and a coefficient of variation of 6%, indicating it is a robust assay for HTS. A pilot screen of 1280 pharmacologically active compounds and subsequent validation identified two hits, confirming the application of this fluorescence assay in HTS.

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Marine-Derived Compounds with Anti-Alzheimer’s Disease Activities

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19080410 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 410

Author(s):

Salar Hafez Ghoran ◽

Anake Kijjoa

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Thinking Skills ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Brain Disorder ◽

Brain Functioning ◽

Pharmacologically Active ◽

Pharmacologically Active Compounds

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible and progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, and, eventually, the ability to perform simple tasks. As the aging population continues to increase exponentially, AD has become a big concern for society. Therefore, neuroprotective compounds are in the spotlight, as a means to tackle this problem. On the other hand, since it is believed—in many cultures—that marine organisms in an individual diet cannot only improve brain functioning, but also slow down its dysfunction, many researchers have focused on identifying neuroprotective compounds from marine resources. The fact that the marine environment is a rich source of structurally unique and biologically and pharmacologically active compounds, with unprecedented mechanisms of action, marine macroorganisms, such as tunicates, corals, sponges, algae, as well as microorganisms, such as marine-derived bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi, have been the target sources of these compounds. Therefore, this literature review summarizes and categorizes various classes of marine-derived compounds that are able to inhibit key enzymes involved in AD, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), β-secretase (BACE-1), and different kinases, together with the related pathways involved in the pathogenesis of AD. The compounds discussed herein are emerging as promising anti-AD activities for further in-depth in vitro and in vivo investigations, to gain more insight of their mechanisms of action and for the development of potential anti-AD drug leads.

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