The chemical composition of oats II. The nitrogen content of oats and groats

1955 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Hutchinson ◽  
H. F. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Predominant Factor ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Kernel Content

The nitrogen content of oats depends chiefly on the nitrogen content (1·4–3·9%) of the kernel and the kernel content (64–81%) of the oats, the husk containing only 3–10% of the total nitrogen in the grain.Varietal differences are significant but small in comparison with the overall variability: they reach 0·3% nitrogen in a few cases. Variation between random samples is largely due to soil differences, with region and harvest year responsible for smaller effects. The predominant factor governing nitrogen level in oats of all varieties probably is, as for wheat, the level of available nitrogen in the soil in late spring and early summer, just prior to heading and during development of the grain.Within the variety there is a pronounced inverse correlation between nitrogen and oil content which is independent of grain size: the variability of the oil content within the variety is, however, smaller than the corresponding variability of the nitrogen content. At some localities environmental factors of soil and season, particularly the former, inhibit the filling out of the grains which then ripen prematurely to give small oats with lean kernels of high nitrogen content, and favour within the variety a negative correlation between grain size and nitrogen which otherwise might not be apparent.

scholarly journals Primary Recrystallization Behaviors of Hi-B Steel with Lower Initial Nitrogen Produced by the Thin Slab Casting and Rolling Process

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Bing Fu ◽  
Li Xiang ◽  
Jia-Long Qiao ◽  
Hai-Jun Wang ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Primary Recrystallization ◽  
Thin Slab ◽  
Nitriding Temperature ◽  
Thin Slab Casting ◽  
Slab Casting ◽  
Inhomogeneity Factor

Based on low-temperature high-permeability grain-oriented silicon steel designed with an initial nitrogen content of 0.0055% and produced by the thin slab casting and rolling process, the effect of total nitrogen content and nitriding temperature on primary recrystallization microstructure and texture were studied by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and electron backscatter diffraction. The nitriding temperature affects the primary recrystallization behaviors significantly, while the total nitrogen content has a small effect. As the nitriding temperature is 750–850 °C, the average primary grain size and its inhomogeneity factor are about 26.58–26.67 μm and 0.568–0.572, respectively. Moreover, the texture factor is mostly between 0.15 and 0.40. Because of the relatively sufficient inhibition ability of inherent inhibitors in a decarburized sheet, the nitriding temperature (750–850 °C) affects the primary recrystallization microstructure and texture slightly. However, as the nitriding temperature rises to 900–950 °C, the average primary grain size and its inhomogeneity factor increase to 27.75–28.26 μm and 0.575–0.578, respectively. Furthermore, because of the great increase on the area fraction of {112} <110> grains, part of texture factor is increased sharply. Therefore, in order to obtain better primary grain size and homogeneity, better texture composition, and stability of the decarburized sheet, the optimal nitriding temperature is 750–850 °C.

Impact of the harvest year of three cultivars of Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica) on the oil content and its composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 109683
Author(s):  
Elise Sipeniece ◽  
Inga Mišina ◽  
Anna Grygier ◽  
Ying Qian ◽  
Magdalena Rudzińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Japanese Quince ◽  
Harvest Year

Creep Versus Microstructure of γ2-Containing Amalgams

1977 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 1493-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Mahler ◽  
Jerome D. Adey ◽  
Richard L. Marantz
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Microstructural Characteristics ◽  
Predominant Factor ◽  
The Relationship

An analysis of the relationship between creep and microstructural characteristics of several γ 2 -containing amalgams showed the grain size of the Ag-Hg phase (γ1 ) to be a predominant factor influencing creep. When γ1 grain size is increased, creep is reduced.

Association of sunflower achene color with other achene characters and bird preference

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Dedio
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Kernel Content ◽  
Color Association

The association of achene color with other achene characters and bird preference was investigated in segregates of a striped Yugoslavian line NS 39 and in 12 crosses of various genotypes. In the NS 39 segregates, the strongest association of achene color was with kernel content (r = 0.606), bird preference (r = 0.610) and achene oil (r = 0.445). Birds preferred lines with darker achene color which in turn was linked with higher oil and nutmeat content. In the crosses of various genotypes, achene color was strongly associated with achene oil content in segregates of two grey × black achene color crosses (r = 0.436 and 0.292) and in segregates of anthocyanin-containing × black achene color cross (r = 0.419). Key words: Sunflower, color association, achene characters, bird preference, achene oil, nutmeat anthocyanin

scholarly journals The use of NDVI to determine the nitrogen content in winter wheat plants in the Stavropol Territory

2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (12) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
I. STORCHAK ◽  
I. V. Chernova ◽  
F. Eroshenko ◽  
Tatiana Voloshenkova ◽  
Elena Shestakova
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Federal State

Abstract. Lack of nitrogen leads to a decrease in yield and grain quality in winter wheat plants. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor nitrogen nutrition throughout the period of growth and development of plants, which will quickly assess the need for fertilizing to obtain high yields of quality grain. Therefore, the aim of the study was to establish the possibility of using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to control the nitrogen content in winter wheat plants in the Stavropol territory. Methods. The work was performed in federal state budgetary scientific institution “North-Caucasian Federal Agricultural Research Centre” at the production of winter crops. Selection of plant samples (sheaf material) was carried out according to the generally accepted method. Repeated – 4x. Determination of the chemical composition of plant organs was carried out by the method of V. T. Kurkaev with co-authors, and the content of chlorophyll – Milaeva and Primak. Results. Since the quality of winter wheat grain directly depends on the nitrogen supply of plants, the relationships between the nitrogen content in winter wheat plants and the values of the vegetation index NDVI were studied. High correlation coefficients between these indicators are obtained. Thus, the average of Rcorr fields.in 2012 it was equal to –0.89, and in 2013 and 2014 –0.82. In addition, due to the dependence of nitrogen content on the amount of chlorophyll, it was possible to analyze the correlation between these indicators and NDVI fields, which showed that a stable relationship (inverse) is observed in the case of the amount of chlorophyll per unit biomass (mg/g), which is estimated on average at –0.79. The interrelation between grain quality and earth remote sensing data is revealed. It is most clearly seen in the case of the maximum and average NDVI for the period from the resumption of spring vegetation to full ripeness of winter wheat. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the conditions of unstable humidification of the Stavropol territory, a high inverse correlation between the vegetation index NDVI and the nitrogen content in winter wheat plants was determined, which on average is estimated by the correlation coefficient equal to –0.84.

scholarly journals Distribution of Nutrients in Sundarbans Coastal Ecosystem- A Case study

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Srinivasan ◽  
◽  
D. C. Nayak ◽  
S. K. Singh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Management Units ◽  
Very High

The distribution of nutrients were studied in six soil management units identified viz., Chandipur, Biprodaspur, Pathankhali, Manmathanagar-I, Manmathanagar-II and Bhupendranagar of Gosaba block (part) of sundarbans ecosystem. Data indicated that the soils were strongly acidic (< 4.5) to neutral in reaction and associated with marginal to severe salinity (> 13.3 dS m-1). The organic carbon content ranged from 0.67 to 1.66% in surface and 0.15 to 3.44% in sub-soils. The available nitrogen content varied from 90 to 502 kg ha-1 and it changed significantly with depth. The available phosphorus varied from 0.5 to 24.7 kg ha-1. Available potassium and sulphur in soils are very high, ranging from 178 to 572 kg ha-1 and 25 to 706 mg kg-1 respectively. DTPA -Fe and Mn varied from 18.9 to 336 and 2.17 to 37.6 mg kg-1 in soils being higher in sub-surface horizons, and DTPA- Zn and Cu ranged 0.27 to 4.73 and 0.63 to 14.5 mg kg-1 respectively.

INFLUENCE OF WEATHER CONDITIONS ON THE NITROGEN CONTENT OF WHEAT

1935 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Main Effect

A statistical study of results from experimental plots of Marquis wheat grown annually (though not on the same soil) at five points in Saskatchewan and Alberta indicates that there was a significant negative correlation between the amount of rainfall during the growing season and the nitrogen content of wheat. The main effect of rainfall was exerted during May and June. The data do not justify the conclusion that the amount of rain falling in July or August, or the amount of pre-seasonal precipitation, modified the nitrogen content significantly. Mean maximum temperature for July or August failed to show a significant correlation with nitrogen content, but may not be a satisfactory measure of the temperature conditions actually experienced by the crop.It is suggested that the preponderating effect of early rainfall may be due to the fact that it stimulates tillering and vegetative development generally. The available nitrogen must thus be distributed amongst an increased number of culms, whilst at the same time the total leaf area devoted to the production of carbohydrates is augmented.

scholarly journals Effect of Intercroping Maize-Soybean on Grain Quality Traits in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Habineza M. Jean Pierre ◽  
Josiah M. Kinama ◽  
Florence M. Olubayo ◽  
Susan W. Wanderi ◽  
James W. Muthomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

An experiment was conducted in Kenya to determine the effect of intercropping maize-soybean on soybean grain quality traits. A randomized complete block design replicated three times with seven treatments was used. Data were collected and analysed for soybean protein content, oil content and dry matter while grain size was done for maize and soybean. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means separated using LSD0.05. The results showed that TGX1990-5F variety recorded high protein content (p ≤ 0.05) in sole crop compared to intercropping with 42.96% and 38.4% respectively while SB19 obtained 36.57% and 40.41% of protein between sites for the first season. A bout the second season, TGX1990-5F gave 40.84% of protein compared to 31.98% for GAZELLE in intercrop at both sites. GAZELLE showed higher oil content followed by TGX1990-5F and SB19 was the last in both seasons. TGX1990-5F showed higher dry matter followed by GAZELLE and SB19 was the last in intercrop. In addition, GAZELLE a local variety showed greater size than SB19 in both rainy seasons. Intercropping affected slightly the protein content, oil content and gain size  than sole crop but it did not affect the dry matter in both seasons.Thus, TGX1990-5F can be recommended to small-scale farmers for intercropping with maize because it produced higher value of protein and small-scale farmers could use it to fight mal nutrition. GAZELLE variety can be also recommended for oil production. Maize grain size was not affected by intercropping system.

Selective grazing by sheep of two forage species at different stages of growth

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
GW Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Selective Grazing ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Series Of Experiments

In a series of experiments where the rate of stocking was such that consumption exceeded growth, sheep continuously grazing pastures of lucerne or Phalaris tuberosa exhibited distinct preferences. On both forages sheep continuously selected leaf in preference to stem where this was physically possible. Within both leaf and stem fractions of the plants selection was for material of the highest available nitrogen content. This resulted in the sheep presenting themselves each day with material of a lower nitrogen content than that of the previous day. Evidence is presented to show that these selection preferences were exhibited more strongly the greater the amount of material present per unit area, i.e. the more mature the plant. The process of grazing in a horizontal plane, together with selection in a vertical one, is also described.

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