Efficiency of utilization of food energy by growing pigs

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Burlacu ◽  
Monica Iliescu ◽  
Josefina Stavri
Keyword(s):  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Large White ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum

SUMMARYThe efficiency of utilization of the energy of the food by growing pigs of the Large White breed was measured. Ten diets had a digestible energy varying from 75·3 ± 0·91 to 85·7 + 0·81% and a metabolizable energy from 72·3± ·92 to 83·4±0·64% of the gross energy. Net energy was 85·2±3·20% of the metabolizable energy (ME).Regression calculations resulted in the following estimates: a maintenance requirement of 151 kcal ME for growing pigs weighing 9–58 kg and efficiencies of 66·7 and 100% for the utilization of ME for protein and fat accretion, respectively.Feeding regime (ad libitum or restricted at about 80% ad libitum) did not influence food utilization.

Efficiency of the utilization of the energy of food in piglets, after weaning

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Burlacu ◽  
G. Băia ◽  
Dumitra Ionilă ◽  
Doina Moisa ◽  
V. Taṣcenco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Large White ◽  
Maintenance Requirement ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Gross Energy

SummaryThe efficiency of utilization of the energy of food by weaned pigs of the Large White breed was measured. Three diets based on maize (40–60%) had a metabolizable energy of 75·8±1·2% of the gross energy, and 78·2 ±3·4% of the metabolizable energy was present as net energy.The maintenance requirement of metabolizable energy of pigs weighing 14·3 ± 2·1 kg was 143·6 kcal/kg°0·75/24 h (601 kJ/kg0·75/24 h).The energy cost per g protein and fat synthesized by piglets was estimated to be 7·43 and 12·05 kcal (31·1 and 50·4 kJ) metabolizable energy, respectively.Equations for calculation of metabolizable energy (Yl, kcal) and of the net energy (Y2, kcal), based on digested nutrients, were:Y1 = 4·64×1 + 9·12×2 + 4·25×3'CV = ± 1·2%,Y2 = 3·84×1 + 7·09×2 + 3·28×3'CV = ± 1·4%,where X1 = g protein digested, X2 = g fat digested, X3= g carbohydrate digested (crude fibre × N-free extracts).

The use of moist barley in diets for growing pigs

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Livingstone ◽  
D. M. S. Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Large White ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
White Breed

SUMMARYA total of 156 pigs of the Large White breed were used in a series of four experiments to test the suitability of barley which had been stored with a high moisture content as an ingredient in the diets of growing pigs. Barleys with mean moisture contents of 26·3%, 28·1% and 21·2% and a range from 19·6% to 30·5%, from three successive harvests were used.In all the trials there was evidence that the use of moist barley in diets for growing pigs had an adverse effect on live-weight gain and feed conversion ratio, the effect being independent of whether feed intakes were equated on the basis of the dry-matter content of the diets. In one of the experiments performance was depressed to the extent of causing changes in carcass characteristics. The performance of pigs given rolled barley was similar to that of others given ground barley.

scholarly journals Prediction of net energy values in expeller-pressed and solvent-extracted rapeseed meal for growing pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Zhongchao Li ◽  
Zhiqian Lyu ◽  
Hu Liu ◽  
Dewen Liu ◽  
Neil Jaworski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Production ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Gross Energy

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine net energy (NE) of expeller-press (EP-RSM) and solvent-extracted rapeseed meal (SE-RSM) and to establish equations for predicting the NE in rapeseed meal (RSM) fed to growing pigs.Methods: Thirty-six barrows (initial body weight [BW], 41.1±2.2 kg) were allotted into 6 diets comprising a corn-soybean meal basal diet and 5 diets containing 19.50% RSM added at the expense of corn and soybean meal. The experiment had 6 periods and 6 replicate pigs per diet. During each period, the pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates for 16 days which included 7 days for adaption to diets. On day 8, pigs were transferred to respiration chambers and fed their respective diet at 2,000 kJ metabolizable energy (ME)/kg BW<sup>0.6</sup>/d. Feces and urine were collected, and daily heat production was measured from day 9 to 13. On days 14 and 15, the pigs were fed at 890 kJ ME/kg BW<sup>0.6</sup>/d and fasted on day 16 for evaluation of fasting heat production (FHP).Results: The FHP of pigs averaged 790 kJ/kg BW<sup>0.6</sup>/d and was not affected by the diet composition. The NE values were 10.80 and 8.45 MJ/kg DM for EP-RSM and SE-RSM, respectively. The NE value was positively correlated with gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), ME, and ether extract (EE). The best fit equation for NE of RSM was NE (MJ/kg DM) = 1.14×DE (MJ/kg DM)+0.46×crude protein (% of DM)–25.24 (n = 8, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96, p<0.01). The equation NE (MJ/kg DM) = 0.22×EE (% of DM)–0.79×ash (% of DM)+14.36 (n = 8, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.77, p = 0.018) may be utilized to quickly determine the NE in RSM when DE or ME values are unavailable.Conclusion: The NE values of EP-RSM and SE-RSM were 10.80 and 8.45 MJ/kg DM. The NE value of RSM can be well predicted based on energy content (GE, DE, and ME) and proximate analysis.

Association between leptin receptor gene polymorphism and quality of both meat and back fat in large white pigs of ukrainian breeding

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
V. Balatsky ◽  
I. Bankovska ◽  
A. Saienko
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Large White ◽  
Pig Breeds ◽  
Lepr Gene ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
White Breed

Leptin receptor is one of the components of the system of regulating energy homeostasis of the organism. Leptin receptor gene (LEPR) polymorphism is associated with pig carcass index of the content of intramus- cular fat in its valuable parts, which is particularly important when assessing the quality of their carcasses for processing. Intramuscular fat is associated with meat fl avor characteristics and partly determines its tenderness, juiciness, and other parameters. Aim. To analyze LEPR gene (SNP NM001024587.1, p. 1987 C > T) polymor- phism in populations of various pig breeds and to establish its relationship with the quality of both meat and fat of pigs of Large White breed of Ukrainian breeding. Methods. Genetic-population analysis of nine pig breeds, associative analysis on the search connection of LEPR gene polymorphism with quality of both meat and fat of pigs of Large White breed of Ukrainian breeding. LEPR locus genotyping was performed by High Resolution Melting (HRM). Results. All the studied breeds are characterized by polymorphism of the leptin receptor gene (SNP NM001024587.1, p. 1987 C > T), signifi cant breed specifi city in the distribution of frequencies of alleles was established. Statistically confi rmed effect (p < 0.05) of genotypes LEPR on the content of intramuscular fat, total dry matter and moisture in the meat, as well as the moisture content in the back fat of pigs of Ukrainian Large White breed was revealed. Higher content of intramuscular fat was found in the animals with genotype TT, while a smaller amount of intramuscular fat and more moisture in fat was revealed in heterozygotes. Conclusions. Genetic marker LEPR SNP NM001024587.1, p. 1987 C > T can be used in the marker-assisted selection to predict and improve the performance quality of the meat of pigs of Large White breed of the Ukrainian breeding. These results suggest that porcine leptin receptor gene controls the quality of fat comp- lex – inside muscles and in the dorsal part of the carcass.

Indexes of reproductive ability and their repeatability in sows of different genotypes, taking into account the polymorphism g.1426g> a of the Mc4r gene

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Khalak ◽  
Vasyl Voloshchuk ◽  
Konstiantyn Pochernyaev ◽  
Serhii Smyslov ◽  
Maria Ilchenko
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Large White ◽  
Mc4r Gene ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Consolidation Coefficient

The results of studies of the reproductive ability of sows of different genotypes are given taking into account the polymorphism g.1426G> A of the MC4R gene, the factor of repeatability of characters is determined, and the economic efficiency of the research results is calculated. The experimental part of the research was carried out in the conditions of the «Druzhba-Kaznacheevka» LTD in Dnipropetrovsk region. The objects of research were sows of the Large White breed. It was determined that sows of the main herd, according to signs of reproductive ability, belong to class I and class elite. The experiment showed that sows of genotype AG exceeded their peers of others (GG and AA) in terms of “born piglets total, heads” by 1.6 and 0.7 heads, “Live piglets born (multiple births), heads - by 1 6 and 0.9 heads, “the mass of the litter at the time of birth, kg” - by 2.7 - 1.3 kg., “the mass of the litter at the time of weaning at the age of 28-35 days, kg” - by 5, 1 - 3.9 kg. The difference between animals of the indicated genotypes is: for large-foetus - 0.06-0.01 kg, the index "evenness of the sow’s litter in live weight of piglets at birth, points" - 1.05-1.84 points, index of N. D. Berezovsky - 3.75 -2.36 points. The index of the safety of piglets before weaning ranged from 84.4 to 93.0 %. It was proved that the minimum value of the index “evenness of the sow’s littar in live weight of piglets at the time of birth, points (7.76 ± 1,082 points) are characterized by sows of genotype AA, in which the rate of multiple pregnancy ranged from 8 to 14 pigs, and the value of the sign“ large-foetus, kg "equaled 1.37 kg. The repeatability coefficient for sows of the main herd and sows of the Large White breed of different genotypes for the melanocortin 4 (MC4R) receptor gene ranges from -0.916 ± 0.1418 (І-IV farrow, genotype - GG, sign - “piglet safety before weaning, %) to 0.978 ± 0.0738 (I-V farrow, genotype - GG, sign - “large foetus”, kg ”). The maximum value of the phenotypic consolidation coefficient was found in sows of genotype AA according to the following quantitative characteristics: “live piglets (multiple births), heads.”, “litter weight at the time of birth, kg”, “litter weight at weaning age of 28-35 days, kg "," the safety of piglets before weaning ,% ". The sows of the genotype GG belong to the unconsolidated group according to the signs of reproductive qualities. The use of sows of the genotype for the melanocortin 4 (MC4R) AG receptor gene provides additional products at the level of 5.15 %, and its cost is 165.41 UAH /head. Keywords: sow, breed, reproductive ability, MC4R gene, genotypic consolidation coefficient, variability, correlation, repeatability.

scholarly journals Hybridization as a method of improving quality of pork

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
B. P. Kovalenko ◽  
◽  
O. B. Shevchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Large White ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
White Breed ◽  
A Share

Studies were carried out on the main indicators of the chemical composition and physical properties of muskulus longissimus dorsi of pigs of different genotypes during hybridization. The indicators of the chemical composition and physical properties of muskulus longissimus dorsi were determined by conventional methods. The materials of experimental studies were processed using methods of variation statistics. According to the amount of moisture, no significant difference between the control and experimental groups was established. According to the amount of protein in meat, a tendency to a slight decrease, compared with the control group by 1.4 (group III) … 1.9 % (group II) was established. The use of boars of Poltava meat breed led to a decrease in intramuscular fat in descendants by 0.25 % compared with peers of a large white breed (P <0.95), and precocious meat - to a real increase of this indicator by 0.43 % at P> 0 , 95. A tendency towards an increase in the amount of tryptophan (by 0.04 ... 0.05) and oxyproline (by 0.004 ... 0.005) in the muscles of hybrid animals was revealed in comparison with peers of pure breed of large white breed. In terms of the biological usefulness of meat proteins, animals of group III were the best - in terms of the quality of the protein of the longest muscle of the back, their advantage over peers of group II was 0.07, and compared with purebred peers. Group I - 0.12 (p <0.95). It was found that with the same area of the meat spot both in purebred large white breeds of animals and hydrides of different genotypes, there is a tendency to increase the latter compared to the control in a humid place: with a «share» of «blood» ½ pm by 2.2 %, and with a «share» of blood ½ cm - 1.4 %. A tendency has been established to increase the pH value of the longest back muscle in animals with a «share» of blood of specialized meat breeds compared with a large white breed. In hybrid animals with a «share» of blood of Poltava meat and precocious meat breeds, there is a tendency to increase the pH value in comparison with the large white breed by 0.15 (2.8 %) and by 0.17 (3.1 %), i.e. the meat of hybrid pigs, the pH of which has a shift towards alkalinity due to less accumulation of lactic acid, has a worse preservation.

scholarly journals ЗВ'ЯЗОК G.143C>T ПОЛІМОРФІЗМУ ГЕНА CTSL ІЗ ВІДГОДІВЕЛЬНИМИ І М’ЯСНИМИ ЯКОСТЯМИ СВИНЕЙ ВЕЛИКОЇ БІЛОЇ ПОРОДИ УКРАЇНИ

2014 ◽  
pp. 88-90
Author(s):  
К. Ф. Почерняєв ◽  
В. М. Балацький ◽  
І. К. Лядський
Keyword(s):  
Impact Force ◽  
Large White ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Impact

Викладені результати досліджень зв’язку гена ctslіз відгодівельними і м’ясними якостями свиней вели-кої білої породи України. Проаналізовано особливостіалелофонду гена ctsl у різних популяціях свиней ВБпороди; проведено аналіз частот і розповсюдженнярізних генотипів; вивчено зв'язок g.143C>T полімор-фізму цього гена з товщиною відкладення сала посередині спини та в ділянці 6–7-го ребер, а також ізсередньодобовими приростами,товщиною найдовшо-го м’яза спини й виходом м’яса. Визначено силу впли-ву g.143C>T поліморфізму гена ctsl на ці ознаки.Встановлено достовірні відмінності (P<0,05) за де-якими з вищезгаданих ознак у свиней із різними гено-типами гена ctsl. На підставі проведених дослідженьзроблені висновки та подані пропозиції виробництву. The results of researches of the association of gene ctsl   with the formation of fattening and meat qualities in pigs of the Large White breed of Ukraine are given. It has been analysed the features of gene ctsl alelofund in different populations of pigs of LW breed, it was carried out the analysis of frequencies and distribution of different genotypes. The association g.143C>T polymorphism of this gene with thick deposits of fat in the middle of the back and in area of 6-7 ribs, as well as average daily gains , thickness of the longest muscles and meat yield was studied. It has been determined the impact force g.143C>T polymorphism of gene ctsl on these traits. It was found out significant differences (P <0.05) for some of the above traits in pigs with different genotypes of gene ctsl. On the basis of the researches it was made conclusions and advanced proposals to producers.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION IN BREEDING SOWS

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 254-259
Author(s):  
V. O. Melnik ◽  
O. O. Kravchenko ◽  
О. S. Kohut
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Large White ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Breeding Farms

Improving of fertility indicators and reproductive qualities of sows during artificial insemination in farms of different specializations is very topical issue. The introduction of artificial insemination of sows on breeding farms by the spermdoses of optimum volume, by the frozen-thawed and sex sperm requires the introduction of innovative reproductive technologies. The use of economical methods of artificial insemination of sows using a minimum number of sperm in a small volume of spermdose in order to achieve high rates of fertility and prolificacy was proven in numerous experiments of the authors. Significantly reduced spermdose may be sufficient if the sperm enters deep enough into the uterus. Vitality of sperm does not depend on the size of spermdose, but the best place for sperm to survive one oviducts where they keep the fertilizing capacity from 9 to 27 hours. So deep intrauterine insemination of sows improves conditions for sperm survival The aim was to study the feasibility and justification for widespread implementation in to production on breeding farms of intrauterine insemination of sows morder to increase their fertilization and prolificacy and  to save the boar sperm with the highest index of breeding values. Experiments were conducted in terms of selection and genetic center of Agrofirm "Mig-Service-Agro" in Mykolaiv region. In the experiment used 65 sows of live weight of 280-320 kg wiht 2-4 farrowing were. Sows in sexual hunting were showed once daily in the morning using a boar-prober. Artificial insemination was performed twice: the first time - in the afternoon and at 14-16 p.m. The second time – in the morning of the next day at 9-10 am. For artificial insemination of sows were ed using experimental spermodes with volume of 40 ml which contained 1.5 billion of a Active sperm. For the dilution of sperm was used Durasperm - KRUUSE (Denmark) the period of sperm perpetuation is 5-7 days. To enter the were semen used catheters Magaplus S, (Spain) for intrauterine insemination of sows. Analysis shows that the period from weaning to insemination has significant difference comparing sows of large White breed with Landrace breed (p <0.001), with genotype sows F1 (p <0.01) and sows of the Duroc breed (p <0.05). For all selected 65 sows duration of suckling period, was estimated which averaged 32.2 days and the average time from weaning of pigs to their sexual inclination and the first intrauterine insemination 6.8 days that meets the physiological norm. After intrauterine insemination of sows of then 48 farrowed, which wich made for 73.9%. іncluding live 5 emergency farrow  were obtained, representing 10.4% of all amount. Percentage of farrow is considered physiologically normal – 80%, or more of total insemined sows. The very low percentage of farrow 53.3% had of sows F1, and the highest percentage was found by sows of the Duroc breed – 85.7%. Pregnency of sows were received just 17, which made 26.1% and highest percentage – 46.7% was set by sows F1. Analysis of the pregnancy sows shows that on average it is 116.2 days was the longest – 117.1 days was set in Landrace breed sows and the short est 115.5 days in Large White breed, but the difference is not significant. 571 pigs were received, іncluding live 451 head, which is 78.9%. The largest percentage of іncluding live piglets obtained from sows F1 – 82.5%, and the lowest in Landrace breeds – 77.0% and Large White – 77.3%. Exit of all piglets per sow without emergency farrowings is 12.2, іncluding live – 9,8. The highest yield were obtained piglets from sows F1 – 13.1, іncluding live – 10.9, the lowest yield of sows of the Duroc breed – 10.6, іncluding live 9.1, which has significant difference compared with the control (IDPs) and other breeds.  After intrauterine insemination 8 sows showed cyclic deregulation in 20-25 days, ie repeated sexual hunt took place on average 22.3 days. These sows were inseminated by not fractional way, they farrowed and an average litter just 13.1 piglets per sow, іncluding live - 11.3 was obtained. Repeating after intrauterine insemination on 45-48-49 day in the sexual hunt came about three sows for artificial insemination by not fractional method 3 farrowed and was obtained output – 13.3 piglets, іncluding live – 11.7. It should be noted that the best sow Large White breed №12 after intrauterine insemination bore 16 pigs, іncluding live 11, sow of Landrace breed №1556 – 18 pigs, іncluding live 12, Duroc №5888 – 13 pigs, іncluding live 11, sow F1 №167 – 20 pigs, іncluding live 14 pigs. Breeding requires more careful handling with major sows taking into account their breeding value and cost, that’s why we believe that there is no need to risk causing injury genitals with intrauterine insemination if a sufficient number of spermdoses of boars-sires exist.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document