The effect of sowing date and season on growth and yield of oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Scott ◽  
E. A. Ogunremi ◽  
J. D. Ivins ◽  
N. J. Mendham
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Seed Yields

SummaryExperiments made between 1967 and 1970 tested the effects of sowing oilseed rape on different dates in autumn and spring. Much greater oil yields were obtained from autumn sowings, due to higher seed yields and oil content, but the effect varied considerably between experiments, varieties and seasons. Autumn-sown crops flowered in late April or early May, and by the time pods were developing rapidly in June the leaves had senesced almost completely. Spring-sown varieties followed a similar pattern but about a month later, and did not reach the same peak in pod growth.There was a major effect of sowing date, late-autumn sowings (after mid-September) giving lower yields than early-spring sowings. The best autumn sowings (early September) gave about 3 t/ha of seed, but late sowings less than half this; oil content also decreased with delay in sowing – from 45% to as low as 38%. Delayed sowing restricted growth, leaf area and pod production, and also had a slight effect on seed weight. Frost damage on flower buds appeared to be the cause of reduced yield from early sowing (August) in one experiment. In spring, the earliest sowing (late March) gave the best yields. Vigorous but late vegetative growth from the latest sowing (end of April) did not lead to high yields, possibly due to pest and disease effects.

Response to sowing time of three contrasting Australian cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

1990 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Mendham ◽  
J. Russell ◽  
N. K. Jarosz
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
The North ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
The Many ◽  
A Site ◽  
Seed Yields

SUMMARYSerial sowings of three cultivars of oilseed rape were made from autumn (May) to spring (October) at two sites, one in the north and one in the south of Tasmania, in 1981. The highest seed yields at both sites exceeded 5 t/ha from early sowing, ranging down to c. 2 t/ha from late sowing at a site where irrigation was adequate and to < 1 t/ha where late-sown crops suffered from water stress. The midseason cultivar Marnoo gave the highest yields at both sites, resulting from a combination of substantial (800 g/m2) top growth before flowering, excellent seed survival, a long period for grain filling and high oil content. The early-flowering line RU1 made much less growth before flowering; while this was partly made up for in later growth, nearly as many seeds per pod being retained as in Marnoo, oil content was low. The later-flowering cultivar Wesbell made more growth before flowering than the other cultivars, but when sown early it tended to grow tall, lodge and lose many pods in the dense, tangled canopy. This, combined with generally fewer seeds per pod, resulted in a much less efficient crop in allocation of dry matter to seeds and oil. Wesbell failed to flower uniformly from the late sowings, indicating segregation for vernalization response. The many immature seeds at harvest gave a low overall oil content. All three cultivars responded to vernalization and longer photoperiod in a pot experiment. While photoperiod appeared to be the main factor controlling the development rate to flowering in the field, there were interactions with vernalization response andtemperature.

The effect of fertilizers and harvest date on growth and yield of oilseed rape sown in autumn and spring

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Scott ◽  
E. A. Ogunremi ◽  
J. D. Ivins ◽  
N. J. Mendham
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Pod Shatter ◽  
Delayed Flowering

SummaryIn experiments at Sutton Bonington between 1967 and 1970, which tested 0–300 kg N/ha applied in spring, maximum oil yields of both autumn- and spring-sown oilseed rape were obtained by applying 200 kg N/ha. The seed-oil content was reduced by nitrogen application but only seriously when 300 kg/a was applied. Responses to high levels of potassium (180 rather than 60 kg K20/ha) were only obtained at 200 kg N/a. Successive increments of nitrogen from nil to 300 kg/ha improved plant growth, increasing leaf area and the dry weight of leaves and stems. The last increment from 200 to 300 kg N/ha was less effective and either reduced or did not affect pod production.In one experiment 300 kg N/ha stimulated husk growth, apparently at the expense of seed growth, with 200 kg/ha giving the highest proportion of pod dry matter as seed. More nitrogen always raised number of seeds per pod, but only increased seed weight in one autumn-sown experiment.Serial harvests of one experiment indicated that the maximum seed and oil yield was obtained by cutting plants before they were fully ripe, thus avoiding seed loss through pod shatter. The oil content of the bulk samples reached a peak about a week before maximum oil yield, probably because later-ripening seed did not reach full maturity. All nitrogen levels delayed flowering, but only the highest delayed maturity in the autumn-sown crop.

scholarly journals Factors affecting growth and yield of short-duration pigeonpea and its potential for multiple harvests

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Chauhan ◽  
N. Venkataratnam ◽  
A. R. Sheldrake
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Northern India ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Seed Yields

SummaryEnvironmental and cultural factors that may limit the yield of short-duration pigeonpea were investigated over three seasons. Plants in the peninsular Indian environment at Patancheru grew less and produced less dry matter by first-flush maturity than at Hisar, a location in northern India where the environment is considered favourable for the growth of short-duration pigeonpea. However, with a similar sowing date in June, the mean seed yields of three genotypes, ICPL 4, ICPL 81 and ICPL 87, were very similar, at about 2·3 t/ha, in both environments. This was mainly due to the higher ratio of grain to above-ground dry matter at Patancheru. In addition to the first harvest, all genotypes showed a potential for two more harvests owing to the warm winters at Patancheru. The potential for multiple harvests was particularly high in ICPL 87, which yielded 5·2 t/ha from three harvests in 1982–3, 3·6 t/ha from two harvests in 1983–4, and 4·l t/ha from three harvests in 1984–5. The optimum plant population density at Patancheru was 25–35 plants/m2 for ICPL 87, but was higher for the other two genotypes.At Patancheru, the total dry-matter and seed yield of first and subsequent harvests were significantly reduced by delaying sowing beyond June. Generally, the second- and the third-harvest yields were lower on vertisol than on alfisol under both irrigated and unirrigated conditions.The total yield of ICPL 87 from two harvests was far higher than that of a well-adapted medium-duration genotype BDN 1, grown over a similar period. The yield advantage was greater on the alfisol because of the better multiple harvest potential of this soil. The results of this study demonstrate that properly managed short-duration genotypes of pigeonpea may have considerable potential for increased yield from multiple harvests in environments where winters are warm enough to permit continued growth.

The effects of bitumen mulch and sowing date on the establishment and yield of oil-seed sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Harper ◽  
R. C. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Seed Yields

SUMMARYExperiments in 1976 and 1977, in south-east Scotland, with sunflower (cv. Fransol) examined the effects of bitumen mulch applied after sowing, date and depth of sowing on emergence, flowering and yield. Bitumen mulch increased soil temperatures in April and May by 1–4·5 °C resulting in earlier emergence (6–7 days), more complete emergence under adverse conditions of early and deep sowing, and earlier flowering (2–5 days). Delaying sowing from 7 April to 5 May reduced emergence time and time from sowing to first anthesis. Larger seedlings, having an increased leaf area, resulted from bitumen mulching and early sowing.In the laboratory, increasing temperatures from 5 to 20 °C reduced the average germination time by 0·75 days for each increase of 5 °C. Germination percentage was not affected by temperature over this range.Average seed yields and oil content were markedly different in 1976 and 1977; 2·22 t/ha and 44·7% for 1976 and 0·95 t/ha and 36·9% for 1977. Bitumen mulch and sowing depth had no effect on seed yield or oil content but delaying sowing until 5 May reduced both. Lower seed yields in 1977 resulted from fewer and smaller seeds. Infection of the seed heads with grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) after flowering was high in both years.

Comparison of the effects of autumn and spring sowing date on growth and yield of combining peas (Pisum sativutn L.)

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Silim ◽  
P. D. Hebblethwaite ◽  
M. C. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Spring Sowing

SummaryExperiments were conducted between 1978 and 1981 to investigate the effect of autumn and spring sowing on emergence, winter survival, growth and yield of combining peas (varieties ‘Frimas’, ‘Filby’ and ‘Vedette’). Effects of growth regulator PP 333 (Paclobutrazol, ICI pic) application and defoliation on winter survival of Filby were also investigated. Field emergence of autumn-sown Frimas (winter hardy) was less than Vedette or Filby but percentage winter survival was greater. PP 333 application, but not defoliation, increased percentage winter survival of Filby sown in September. Total dry-matter production and photosynthetic area of autumn- compared with spring-sown crops varied considerably between seasons. Yield data indicated that autumn-sown crops produce similar seed yields to spring sowings when winter survival is adequate. November sowings matured 2–4 weeks before March-sown crops, depending on variety and season. Optimum sowing dates were mid-November and early March. Large seed-yield reductions occurred when sowing was delayed until mid-April.

scholarly journals Yield and yield attributes of rapeseed – mustard (Brassica) genotypes grown under late sown condition

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-336
Author(s):  
Md Mahbubul Alam ◽  
Ferdousi Begum ◽  
Pryanka Roy
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Plant Seeds

A field experiment was conducted at the Central Research Station of BARI, Gazipur for two consecutive years 2010-11 and 2011-12 with 30 varieties/ genotypes of rapeseed-mustard under three dates of sowing viz., 25 November, 5 December, and 15 December to determine changes in crop phenology, growth and yield of mustard genotypes under late sown condition when the crop faced high temperature. Days to flowering and maturity were different at different planting times. Date of sowing significantly influenced plant height, siliquae/plant, seeds/siliqua, seed yield, and oil content of seed in both the years. The highest seed yield (1310 and 1535 kg/ha) was obtained from the first planting (25 November) in both the years, which was significantly different from two other dates of sowing. Yield and yield attributes of different varieties varied significantly. Among the varieties, BARI Sarisha-16 of Brassica juncea gave significantly the highest seed yield (1495 and 1415 kg/ha), which was statistically identical to BJDH-11, BJDH-12, BJDH-05, BJDH-20, and BARI Sarisha-6 and significantly different from all other varieties. Interaction effect of variety and sowing date significantly influenced plant height, number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliqua, seed yield, and strover yield. The highest seed yield (1758 and 1825 kg/ha) were recorded from BJDH-11 and BARI Sarisha-16 of Brassica juncea at 25 November planting and BJDH-11 produced the highest yield at 15 December in both the years. The maximum strover yield (3758 and 3825 kg/ha) were obtained from BJDH-11 and BARI Sarisha-16 of Brassica juncea at 25 November planting during 2010-11 and 2011-12. The highest oil content of seeds (44.4 % and 45.9%) were obtained from the seed of BARI Sarisha-6 and BARI Sarisha-14 at 25 November planting in both the years. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i2.20434 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(2): 311-336, June 2014

Effect of sowing date on yield and yield components of three oilseed rape varieties

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Fathi ◽  
S. A. Siadat ◽  
S. S. Hemaiaty
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Seed Oil Content ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Single Seed ◽  
Sowing Dates

In order to elucidate the effect of sowing date on the yield and yield components of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), three varieties - Tower, Rafal and Global - were sown from 7 November to 22 December 2000-01 on four dates at an interval of 15 days in the Dezful region of Iran. A split-plot design based on randomized complete blocks with four replications was used in the experiment, where the sowing dates and cultivars formed the main and subplots, respectively. Variables including plant height, axillary branches/plant, pods/plant, seeds/pod, single seed weight, biomass, seed oil content and seed yield were measured. The soil of the experimental site had a loamy clay texture. The site had 250 mm annual precipitation and was located in the semi-arid zone. The results showed that the sowing date had a highly significant effect on morphological characteristics, yield components, oilseed rape yield and seed oil content. A delay in the sowing date caused a reduction in all the yield components especially in pods/plant, and in oilseed yield, which dropped from 285 g m-2 when sown on 7 November to 135 g m-2 when sowing was delayed to 22 December. Variations in sowing dates had different effects on the individual yield components, with pods/plant, seeds/pod and single seed weight decreasing to the greatest extent. The significant effect of variety on all characters with the exception of single seed weight indicated that there were genetic differences between the studied cultivars. Oilseed yield showed significantly positive correlations with pods/plant (r=0.93), single seed weight (r=0.83) and seeds/pod (r=0.66). The results of path analysis showed that pods/plant and seeds/pod had the highest positive and negative effects on oilseed yield, respectively. Finally, considering the susceptibility of pods/plant to variations in sowing date and the importance of this character in the size of the oilseed yield, a delay in the planting date in the Dezful region was found to reduce the oilseed yield through a reduction in pods/plant.

Effects of sowing date on the growth and yield of winter oil-seed rape (Brassica napus)

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Jenkins ◽  
D M. H. Leitch
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Oil Seed ◽  
Oil Seed Rape ◽  
Delayed Flowering

SummaryResults are reported from experiments carried out in three seasons in an environment with mild winters and early springs in which the date of sowing of winter oil-seed rape was varied from early September to early December. Consistently high seed yields were achieved in the late sowings and, in two of the three seasons, delaying sowing beyond early September resulted in significant yield increases. The pattern of dry-matter accumulation and changes in leaf area index were affected to a large extent by sowing date, but no significant effect on total dry-matter production at final harvest was found. Numbers of axillary inflorescences per plant and, in two of the experiments, numbers of fertile pods/m2, were reduced by late sowing, but large increases in numbers of seed per pod were found in each experiment. Mean weight per seed was reduced when sowing was delayed but there was no consistent effect on oil content. Differences were found between cultivars in the extent to which delayed sowing produced increased yields. It is suggested that early spring growth, delayed flowering and reduced reflexion of radiation during flowering were important factors leading to the high yields achieved by late sowings. No interactions were found between sowing date and plant population density for any yield component in one experiment.

scholarly journals Effects of beet western yellows virus on growth and yield of oilseed rape (Brassica napus)

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. JAY ◽  
S. ROSSALL ◽  
H. G. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Beet Western Yellows Virus ◽  
Pod Wall ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
And Control

Field trials were undertaken in Suffolk in commercial crops of autumn-sown oilseed rape cv. Capricorn during 1993/94, cv. Apex in 1994/95. Plots were artificially infected with beet western yellows virus (BWYV) using viruliferous Myzus persicae, giving 73 to 94% infection. Control plots had natural infection ranging from 0 to 17·8%. Destructive plant samples were taken from each of the infected and control plots throughout the seasons for growth analyses, and final yields were measured on 44 m2 areas combine harvested from each plot. The seed yields of infected plots were 26 and 11% lower than control plots in 1994 and 1995 respectively (P<0·001).Harvested seed yields were shown to be inversely proportional to the area of the plot that was inoculated with BWYV. Infection significantly lowered the oil content in 1995 from 47·9 to 46·8% (P<0·001), and increased glucosinolate levels from 16·12 to 18·37 μmol/g (P<0·01). BWYV caused a significant reduction in plant height and in numbers of primary branches in the 1993/94 trial and had an effect on the dry weight of the leaves, stalks, racemes and pods at some sample dates in both seasons. Virus-testing of infected plants showed that BWYV was present in the pod wall, the septum and seed coat; two of 78 embryo samples also contained virus. It was concluded that BWYV can cause significant yield losses in those years in which there is a high incidence of virus in the overwintered crops.

scholarly journals Herb yield and essential oil of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) at different locations

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
S. Hälvä ◽  
R. Huopalahti ◽  
CH. Franz
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Aroma Compound ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Growing Medium

A study on the effect of growing site on the growth of the dill herb at three locations (Helsinki, Sahalahti, Inari) in Finland and at Freising, West Germany, was carried out in 1985. The growing medium was fertilized peat of the same quality at each location. Dill (’Dura’) was sown twice, in early spring and 2—3 weeks later at all growing sites. The herb crop was harvested just when the first flower buds had developed. The later sowings gave significantly larger yields than the earlier ones. The herb yields were largest at the most southern location. The fresh yield was the larger the more rain there was, and the warmer the growing season was. The significantly highest oil contents were recorded in the herb of the later sowings at Freising and Sahalahti. Otherwise, no differences in the oil content were recorded. The correlation between the oil content and degree days was positive. The total amount of components responsible for the aroma varied between 4.5 and 7.9 mg/g dry weight. The amount of essential oil and that of a typical aroma compound in dill, 3.6-dimethyl-2,3,3a,4,5,7a-hexahydrobenzofuran, were not significantly affected by the location.

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