The manurial value of sewage sludge applied to fen peat soils

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siân E. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Fresh Organic Matter ◽  
Digested Liquid ◽  
Mineral Soils

SummaryPrevious research has shown that sewage sludge can act as a source of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer. Fen peat soils are organic soils derived from plant material and are known to differ from mineral soils in their plant-nutrient availability. The work reported in this paper compares the effects of liquid digested, liquid raw and dewatered digested sludge with inorganic nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers on a typical fenland rotation of winter wheat, sugar beet and potatoes.It is concluded that sludge can replace inorganic nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer on fen soil, and it appears that applications of sludge containing large amounts of fresh organic matter can act as a soil conditioner and produce higher yields than can be obtained from the use of fertilizer alone.

scholarly journals Water-extractable organic matter in the profile of mineral and organic soils of Upper Dniester alluvial plane

2017 ◽  
pp. 181-190
Author(s):  
Partyka T. ◽  
Hamkalo Z.
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Labile Pool ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Extractable Organic Matter

Content of cold water extracted organic matter (CWEOM) in organic and mineral soils of Upperdniester alluvial plane was estimated. The largest CWEOM content (mg∙100 g-1) in the upper (10 cm) soil layers was found in peat soils – 105-135, and the smallest – 20-30– in arable sod and meadow soils. The highest CWEOM content was found in the lower horizons of peat soil, where it reaches 290 mg∙100 g-1. Strong correlation (r=0.81 -0.99; P<0.05) between CWEOM and TOC was found. It indicates the presence of dynamic equilibrium in the SOM system that supports certain level of labile pool compounds – the main source of bioavailable materials and energy.

scholarly journals Phosphorus in Finnish soils in the 1900s with particular reference to the acid ammonium acetate soil test

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. SAARELA
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Hydrous Oxides ◽  
Simple Chemical ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Total P

Comprehensive research into phosphorus (P) in soils and crops began in Finland in the early 1900s. The average amount of total P in the ploughed topsoil layer of mineral soils was about two tonnes per hectare in the 1930s, before the abundant use of fertilisers. The main chemical fractions of P in mineral soils were organic matter, primary apatite and secondary complexes of the hydrous oxides of Al and Fe. Of the smaller amounts of P in light peat soils, as much as 80% was present in stable organic compounds. Field experiments showed that the native P reserves of Finnish soils are poorly available to plants, and that P fertilisers are inefficiently utilised because of the strong fixation of applied phosphate in soils. In evaluations before the late 1950s, all simple chemical tests appeared to be rather unreliable indicators of the supply of P from soils to plants, but later research has shown that the results were impaired by errors implicit in the research materials. Some soil test P values (STP)obtained from old samples stored for more than ten years evidently were too high, particularly for organic soils, and many of the soils studied were strongly acidic and therefore biologically less fertile than the chemical P tests indicated. The acid ammonium acetate method (pH 4.65) was introduced in the early 1950s and has since been used in routine soil testing in Finland, not only for P but for all macronutrients except N. In later evaluations of different methods used for estimating the requirement of P fertilisation, the acid ammonium acetate method has proven equal or superior to any other simple chemical method.;

scholarly journals Vulnerability of soil organic matter of anthropogenically disturbed organic soils

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelie Säurich ◽  
Bärbel Tiemeyer ◽  
Axel Don ◽  
Michel Bechtold ◽  
Wulf Amelung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. Drained peatlands are hotspots of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from agriculture. As a consequence of both drainage-induced mineralisation and anthropogenic mixing with mineral soils, large areas of former peatlands under agricultural use now contain soil organic carbon (SOC) at the boundary between mineral and organic soils and/or underwent a secondary transformation of the peat (e.g. formation of aggregates). However, low carbon organic soils have rarely been studied since previous research has mainly focused on either mineral soils or true peat soils. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the soil organic matter (SOM) vulnerability of the whole range of organic soils including very carbon rich mineral soils (73 g kg−1 

scholarly journals Total content of phosphorus in some Finnish soils

1963 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Phosphorus Content ◽  
Regular Trend ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Plough Layer

In the present paper the total content of phosphorus in Finnish mineral soils and organic soils is discussed on the basis of data collected in connection with the writer’s various works. The material consists of 670 samples which represent both the surface soils and the deeper layers. The variation in the total phosphorus content of all the groups of soil was large with the ranges overlapping. The mean values, only, indicated some tendency to an increase in the total phosphorus content with an increase in the finer fractions in mineral soils and in the Carex-residues in the peat soils. The effect of the application of phosphorus fertilizers is usually distinctly provable as the relatively high phosphorus content of the plough layer. The variation in the total phosphorus content within a soil profile does not show any regular trend.

Experimental Parameter Study on Synthesis Gas Production by Steam-Oxygen Fluidized Bed Gasification of Sewage Sludge

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
Max Schmid ◽  
Selina Hafner ◽  
Günter Scheffknecht
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Experimental Parameter ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Parameter Study ◽  
Syngas Production ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals

The conversion of biogenic residues to fuels and chemicals via gasification and synthesis processes is a promising pathway to replace fossil carbon. In this study, the focus is set on sewage sludge gasification for syngas production. Experiments were carried out in a 20 kW fuel input bubbling fluidized bed facility with steam and oxygen as gasification agent. In-situ produced sewage sludge ash was used as bed material. The sensitivity of the key operation parameters gasifier temperature, oxygen ratio, steam to carbon ratio, and the space velocity on the syngas composition (H2, CO, CO2, CH4, CxHy, H2S, COS, NH3, and tars) was determined. The results show that the produced syngas has high H2 and CO concentrations of up to 0.37 m3 m−3 and 0.18 m3 m−3, respectively, and is thus suitable for synthesis of fuels and chemicals. By adjusting the steam to carbon ratio, the syngas’ H2 to CO ratio can be purposely tailored by the water gas shift reaction for various synthesis products, e.g., synthetic natural gas (H2/CO = 3) or Fischer–Tropsch products (H2/CO = 2). Also, the composition and yields of fly ash and bed ash are presented. Through the gasification process, the cadmium and mercury contents of the bed ash were drastically reduced. The ash is suitable as secondary raw material for phosphorous or phosphate fertilizer production. Overall, a broad database was generated that can be used for process simulation and process design.

Greenhouse gas budget of an extensively managed grassland on drained peat soil in the Irish Midlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Valmier ◽  
Matthew Saunders ◽  
Gary Lanigan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Sink Capacity

&lt;p&gt;Grassland-based agriculture in Ireland contributes over one third of national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and the LULUCF sector is a net GHG source primarily due to the ongoing drainage of peat soils. Rewetting of peat-based organic soils is now recognised as an attractive climate mitigation strategy, but reducing emissions and restoring the carbon sequestration potential is challenging, and is not always feasible notably due to agricultural demands. Nonetheless, reducing carbon losses from drained organic soils has been identified as a key action for Ireland to reach its climate targets, and carbon storage associated with improved grassland management practices can provide a suitable strategy to offset GHG emissions without compromising productivity. However, research is still needed to assess the best practices and management options for optimum environmental and production outcomes. While grasslands have been widely studied internationally, data on organic soils under this land use are still scarce. In Ireland, despite their spatial extent and relevance to the national emission inventories and mitigation strategies, only two studies on GHG emissions from grasslands on peat soils have been published.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here we present results from a grassland on a drained organic soil that is extensively managed for silage production in the Irish midlands. Continuous monitoring of Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) using eddy covariance techniques, and weekly static chamber measurements to assess soil derived emissions of methane (CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) and nitrous oxide (N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O) started in 2020. The seasonal CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes observed were greatly dependent on weather conditions and management events. The grassland shifted from a carbon source at the beginning of the year to a sink during the growing season, with carbon uptakes in April and May ranging from 15 to 40 &amp;#181;mol CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; and releases in the order of 5 &amp;#181;mol CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;. Following the first harvest event in early June, approximately 2.5 t C ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; was exported, and the sink capacity took around one month to recover, with an average NEE of 10 &amp;#181;mol CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; during that period. Carbon uptake then reached a maximum of 25 &amp;#181;mol CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; in August. After the second cut in mid-September, which corresponded to an export of 2.25 t.ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; of carbon, the grassland acted once again as a strong carbon source, losing almost 30 g C m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; in a month, before stabilising and behaving as an overall small source during the winter period.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In summary, this grassland demonstrated high rates of carbon assimilation and productivity that translate in a strong carbon sink capacity highly dependent on the management. The biomass harvest is a major component of the annual budget that has the potential to shift the system to a net carbon source. Moreover, while initial measurements of CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; and N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O fluxes appeared to be negligible, some management events were not assessed due to national COVID 19 restrictions on movement, which might have impacted the sink strength of the site studied.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals The influence of feed quality from peat soils on the productivity of cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012017
Author(s):  
A N Ulanov ◽  
V N Kovshova ◽  
O G Mokrushina ◽  
A V Smirnova ◽  
A L Glubokovskih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Livestock Products

Abstract In the context of the implementation of environmental, resource-saving systems of agriculture, research in the system of biogeocenosis is very relevant: soil – plant-feed-animal-livestock products. Peatlands and developed peat soils are a kind of environment for human activity in this system. As a result of many years of research, it was found that perennial grasses grown on peat soils have differences in chemical composition compared to plants grown on mineral soils. They contain more organic matter and raw protein. However, their digestibility of nutrients is lower than in herbs grown on mineral soils. Therefore, for a full-fledged balanced feeding of cows, the realization of the genetic potential of animal productivity, and the preservation of their health, scientifically-based diets are necessary, developed on the basis of bulky feeds obtained from peat and developed soils, with the introduction of appropriate feed additives in them.

scholarly journals Radioactivity of phosphate mineral products

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Branislava Mitrovic ◽  
Gordana Vitorovic ◽  
Mirjana Stojanovic ◽  
Dusko Vitorovic
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Phosphate Industry ◽  
Phosphate Mineral ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Mineral Additives ◽  
Mineral Feed Additives

The phosphate industry is one of the biggest polluters of the environment with uranium. Different products are derived after processing phosphoric ore, such as mineral and phosphate fertilizers and phosphate mineral supplements (dicalcium-and monocalcium phosphate) for animal feeding. Phosphate mineral additives used in animal food may contain a high activity of uranium. Research in this study should provide an answer to the extent in which phosphate mineral products (phosphate fertilizer and phosphate mineral feed additives) contribute to the contamination of soil, plants and animals.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EPIDERMAL LAYER OF CARROT ROOTS GROWN ON PEAT AND MINERAL SOIL

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 513-517
Author(s):  
E. W. CHIPMAN ◽  
F. R. FORSYTH
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Epidermal Layer ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Mineral Soils

The epidermal layer of carrot roots grown on peat soil contained more ascorbic acid and less phenols, carotene, reducing sugars, and dry matter than those from a mineral soil. The increased level of phenol and the decreased level of the anti-oxidant ascorbic acid are the likely contributing causes of the increased browning of carrots in mineral soils relative to peat soils.

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