Influence of faba bean tannins on male broiler chicks: evaluation of hulls from white- and coloured-flowered cultivars and of near-isogenic lines

1993 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Wareham ◽  
J. Wiseman ◽  
D. J. A. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Flower Colour ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Dietary Concentration ◽  
Inclusion Rate

SUMMARYThe hulls (seed coat) of tannin-free, white-flowered and tannin-containing, coloured-flowered faba beans (Viciafaba L.) were used in three experiments (1989–90) to investigate the effect of tannins on the apparent metabolizable energy corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEN) and apparent metabolizable nitrogen (AMN) of broiler chick diets.In Experiment 1, the effects of four rates of hull inclusion from one white- and one colouredflowered cultivar (0, 28, 56 and 84 g/kg) on dietary AMEN and AMN were studied. There was a significant response of AMEN to hull inclusion rate (P <0·001) but no inclusion rate × cultivar interaction. For dietary AMN there was a significant effect of hull inclusion rate (P <0· 001) but no inclusion rate x cultivar interaction.Experiment 2 consisted of two parts. In both, the total concentration of hulls was 227 g/kg but the ratio of white- to coloured-flowered hulls was varied in five increments; initially over the range 0·42–16·58 g/kg dry matter (DM) and subsequently, with another cultivar, 0·44–7·85 g/kg DM. Synthetic lysine and methionine were added to ensure that the basal diet was not limiting in these amino acids. A significant effect of tannin intake on dietary AMEN and AMN was detected across the greater range of tannin concentrations (P <0·001) but not across the smaller one.Experiment 3 evaluated three pairs of near-isogenic faba bean lines differing only in the gene governing tannin content and flower colour. Diets were formulated using three bean inclusion rates; 200, 400 and 600 g/kg. At each rate the white- and coloured-flowered lines were mixed in the ratios 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100. The response in carcass nitrogen retention (CNR) to tannin intake was assessed at each bean inclusion rate and for each pair of lines.There was a significant effect of tannin intake on CNR in only one of the nine comparisons and in that case CNR increased as dietary content increased.It was concluded that faba bean tannins can have a negative effect on the dietary AMEN and AMN for chicks when present at a sufficiently high dietary concentration. However, the highest dietary concentration of faba bean tannins in Expt 3 was 10·52 g/kg DM, giving a maximum daily intake of 1·03 g tannins for the two-bird experimental unit. At concentrations and intakes up to this there was no evidence to suggest that faba bean tannins had a significant adverse effect.

scholarly journals Levels of metabolizable energy and digestible lysine for broiler chicks 1-10 days of age

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2691
Author(s):  
Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽  
Thaís Lorana Savoldi ◽  
Cláudio Yuji Tsutsumi ◽  
Cleison De Souza ◽  
Jomara Broch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Different Levels

This study evaluated the effect of different levels of metabolizable energy (ME) and digestible lysine (DL) on the rate of protein deposition, rate deposition body fat and intestinal morphology of broiler chicks 1 to 10 days of age. The study design consisted of 1,152 broilers, weighing 52 ± 5 g, distributed in a completely randomized, 4x4 factorial design, consisting of four levels of ME (2700; 2825; 2950 and 3075 kcal/kg) and four levels of DL (1,080; 1,187; 1,295 and 1,403%), with 16 treatments and three replicates, with 24 poultry in each experimental unit. The protein deposition rate (PDR) and fat deposition rate (FDR) were not affected (P &gt; 0.05) by the ME, however, PDR was influenced linearly (P &lt; 0.05) by increasing lysine. There was an interaction (P &lt; 0.05) between the levels of ME and DL, whose increase resulted in a higher villus height of the duodenum, jejunum and a greater relation villus: crypt ratio of the ileum. Therefore, levels of DL and ME had positive effects on the intestinal development of broiler chicks in the pre-starter phase.

scholarly journals Levels of metabolizable energy and digestible lysine for broiler chicks 8-21 days of age

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 3935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽  
Thaís Lorana Savoldi ◽  
Cláudio Yuji Tsutsumi ◽  
Sharon Karla Luders Meza ◽  
Jomara Broch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Four Levels

The experiment was conducted with the objective of evaluating the effect of metabolizable energy (ME) levels and digestible lysine (DL) levels on the performance of 8-21 days old broiler chicks. Eight hundred and sixty four broiler chicks were used, with average weight of 160 ± 5g, randomly distributed in 48 boxes (experimental unit), experimental unit in a factorial 4x4 with four levels of ME (2,700, 2,825, 2,950, and 3,075 kcal kg-1) and four levels of DL (1,080; 1,187; 1,295 and 1,403%) resulting in 16 treatments with three replications. Increases in levels of ME and DL in the diets caused significant interaction (P <0.05) in weight gain and feed conversion. Increasing levels of ME and DL caused significant interaction (P <0.05) for the deposition rate of protein and fat in the carcass. The simultaneous increases of ME and DL in the diet promoted a linear increase (P <0.05) in villus height of the duodenum, jejunum, and villous:crypt ileum. It is recommended the use of 3,075 kcal kg-1 ME and 1,403% of LD for best performance, protein deposition rate, and intestinal morphometric characteristics of 8-21 days old broiler chicks.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and energetic values of wheat and its sub-products for broiler chicken

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 3481
Author(s):  
Jomara Broch ◽  
Newton Tavares Escocard de Oliveira ◽  
Ricardo Vianna Nunes ◽  
Jeffersson Rafael Henz ◽  
Idiana Mara da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Gross Energy

<p>The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition, apparent metabolizable energy (AME), AME corrected by nitrogen retention (AMEn) and metabolization coefficients (MC and MCn) of different feeds for broilers from the western region of Paraná State. The experiment was conducted at the Physiology of Birds Laboratory at UNIOESTE. Two hundred and sixty male chicks of the Cobb 500 strain, at 21 days old, were distributed in a randomized design with 12 treatments and four replicates of five birds per experimental unit. The feed ingredients studied were ten different wheat middlings, one triticale, one wheat grain and a reference diet. Values for dry matter, nitrogen, gross energy, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, mineral matter, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and magnesium composition were determined as well as the geometric mean diameter of the feed particles. To determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and AME corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) the total excreta collection method was used with growing birds. The chemical composition of the feeds was variable. The values for AME and AMEn ranged from 1. 819-2. 958 and 1. 734-2. 882 kcal. kg-1, respectively. Based on these energetic values and the values for gross energy, the coefficients of metabolizability were calculated. The values ranged from 43. 26-75. 24% for MC and from 42. 28- 73. 31% for MCn.</p>

scholarly journals Replacement Of Fish Meal With Maggots In Broiler Diets: Effects On Performance And Nutrient Retention

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Atteh ◽  
F. D. Ologbenla
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Equivalent Weight ◽  
Dietary Level ◽  
Dietary Fish ◽  
The Cost

The effects of replacing 0, 33.3, 66.7 or 100% of dietary fish meal (9%) with housefly maggots (Musca domestica. Linn) was investigated using broilers from day old to 5 weeks of age.  Increasing the dietary level of maggots reduced feed intake and weight gain while increasing the feed: gain ratio (P>0.05), There was however no significant effect of dietary maggots on mortality rate (P>0.05). Replacement of dietary fish meal with maggots caused significant reduction in nitrogen retention (P<0.05) but an increase in fat retention (P>0.05). There was no significant effect of replacing dietary fish meal with maggots on the metabolizable energy value of the diets (P>0.05).  It is concluded that maggots could replace only 33% of dietary fish meal (9%) without compromising performance and nutrient retention in broiler chicks. The cost of harvesting and processing maggots is about 15% of equivalent weight of fish meal, making even partial replacement of fishmeal with maggots economical.

scholarly journals Apparent digestibility of diets with different concentrations of lysine and energy in piglets with different body weights and post-weaning age

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1784-1790
Author(s):  
Messias Alves da Trindade Neto ◽  
Daniel Gonçalves Bruno ◽  
Dirlei Antonio Berto ◽  
Michael Undi ◽  
Eliana Aparecida Schammass
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Energetic Balance ◽  
Four Levels

The effects of body weight or age and dietary digestible lysine and metabolizable energy on apparent digestibility of energy and dry matter were evaluated in piglets after weaning. The animals were weaned at 21 days of age and distributed in two groups: 8.68 ± 0.76 kg at 28 days of age (weaned 7 days earlier); and 12.73 ± 0.99 kg at 35 days of age (weaned 14 days earlier). The pigs were allotted in digestibility cages in a completely randomized block design with the following factorial arrangements: 2 × 4 composed of two weight categories and four levels of digestible lysine (1.222; 1.305; 1.390 and 1.497%); and 2 × 3 composed of two weight categories and three levels of metabolizable energy (3,510; 3,700 and 3,830 kcal/kg rations). Digestible lysine was evaluated in six replications and metabolizable energy in eight replications and each animal constituted an experimental unit. Piglets with higher body weight and age were more efficient in nitrogen retention and energetic balance, compared to lighter and younger piglets, particularly those given lower concentration of lysine in the diet. The energy increase favored nitrogen retention by the heavier and older piglets. However, coefficients of dry matter and energy apparent digestibility did not differ among weight categories. Older and heavier piglets were more efficient in nitrogen retention, although this efficacy depended on concentration of the energy in the diet. This better use of protein and energy suggest differences on nutritional requirements.

scholarly journals The Effects of Replacing Groundnut Cake with Urea- Treated and Fermented Brewer’s Dried Grains on Nutrient’s Digestibility, Retention and Carcass Characteristics on Broiler Finishers

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
J. O. Isikwenu ◽  
O. J. Akpodiete ◽  
S. I. Omeje ◽  
G. O. Okagbare
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Groundnut Cake ◽  
Carcass Measurement ◽  
All Treatment ◽  
Finisher Diets

The effects of replacing groundnut cake(GNC) with urea-treated and fermented brewer's dried grains (BDG) in broiler finisher diets were investigated. urea-treated and fermented BDG was used to replace GDC at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% levels in broiler finisher diets. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric to provide 20% crude protein and 3000 kcal/kg metabolizable energy. One hundred and ninety five thirty day old broiler chicks of Anak breed (Anak 2000 strain) were randomly allocated to five equal dietart treatments of 13 chicks per replicate and 39 chicks per treatmentand fed ad libitum in rearing cages. At the end of the 8th week, 9 broilers per treatment (3 birds per replicate) were randomly selected from the five treatment groups for metabolic study. At 8 weeks, two birds per replicate were weighed and slaughtered for carcass measurement. Nutrient digestibililty and retention were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by urea-treated and fermented BDG incorporation in the diets. Nitrogen retention values of 63.80±0.32 and 62.15±0.39% for the control and 25% replacement for the levels  of 50, 75 and 100%. Fat retention values of 97.71±0.39 and 92.49±0.66% for 75 and 100% replacement levels (P<0.05) were significantly higher than values of 53.37±2.72, 52.74±1.72, 42.54±2.37 and 42.75±2.67% for 25, 50, 75 and 100% replacement levels. Carcass quality parameters and organ weights were not significantly (P>0.05) different in all treatment groups. Mortality level (5-7%) was normal and evenly spread across all treatment groups. Results indicate that ureat-treated and fermented BDG can completely replace GNC as a plant protein source in broiler finisher diets. 

The effect of pattern of protein intake and level of energy intake on the performance and nitrogen utilization of the ewe

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Robinson ◽  
C. Fraser ◽  
Elizabeth L. Corse ◽  
J. C. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Dietary Treatments

SUMMARYAn experiment was carried out in which each of thirty-six ewes was offered one of six dietary treatments from the 30th to the 140th day of gestation. The treatments supplied two levels of metabolizable energy (ME) intake (128 and 116 kcal/kg W0.75/day) each at three patterns of protein intake, namely equal increments at 22 day intervals, equal decrements at the same intervals and a constant daily intake throughout. The protein intake patterns supplied a mean daily intake of digestible crude protein of 3·74 g/kg W0.75/day. Nitrogen balances were carried out on four ewes from each dietary treatment during the last 10 days of each 22 day period.Thirteen ewes randomly distributed on all dietary treatments were barren. Mean rate of live-weight gain in the pregnant ewes was 123 g/day compared with 66 g/day in the non-pregnant ewes and was not significantly affected by treatments. Lamb birth weights adjusted to the basis of twins were 3·83, 4·02 and 3·56 kg for the increasing, constant and decreasing patterns of protein intake respectively.Within patterns of protein intake there were no significant differences in nitrogen retention between pregnant and non-pregnant ewes until after 90 days of gestation. Thereafter retention increased in the pregnant ewes offered the constant and increasing patterns of crude protein and remained constant in the non-pregnant ewes. During the same period the retention of both pregnant and non-pregnant ewes on the decreasing pattern decreased.The effects of both energy and protein intake on nitrogen retention in early and late pregnancy were assessed by multiple regression analysis. The results are discussed in relation to other recent findings.

The effect of different proportions of dried grass and concentrates in the diet on voluntary intake and performance of calves

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Weight Range ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
And Performance

SUMMARYComplete diets each containing (1) 0%, (2) 20%, (3) 40%, (4) 60% high-quality, (5) 20% and (6) 40% low-quality dried grass were given ad libitum to 48 British Friesian calves.The performance of the animals was studied over the stages of growth from 50 to 100 kg and 150 to 200 kg live weight. At each stage of growth the live-weight gain was similar on all treatments while the daily intake of dry matter was significantly affected by the treatments. Over the stage of growth from 50 to 100 kg live weight the intake of metabolizable energy was greatest on treatment 2 and lowest on treatment 4. The conversion ratio of metabolizable energy decreased with increasing levels and with both qualities of dried grass over the weight range 50 to 100 kg.When the calves reached 100 kg live weight, digestibility and N balance studies were carried out. The metabolizable energy (ME) expressed as a percentage of the gross energy decreased with increasing levels and with the lower quality of dried grass. Nitrogen retention was not significantly affected by treatment differences.The relationships of the voluntary intake of dry matter, ME intake and the conversion ratio of ME with the ME expressed as a percentage of gross energy over the lower live-weight range are also presented.

Nutritional evaluation of wheat 1. Effects of preparation on digestibility of dry matter, energy and nitrogen in pigs

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivan ◽  
L. R. Giles ◽  
A. R. Alimon ◽  
D. J. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Matter Energy ◽  
Plot Design

SUMMARY1. A split-plot design was used to study apparent digestibility of dry matter, gross energy and nitrogen of a whole grain wheat diet and processed (hammermilled, rolled or hammermilled and then steam-pelleted) wheat diets by eight small (33·9 ± 0·1 kg) and eight large (70±1·7 kg) pigs. Metabolizable energy and nitrogen retention were also studied with the small pigs.2. The processed wheat diets were superior to the whole grain wheat diet in all the parameters measured.3. There were no significant differences between the performance of pigs given the differently processed wheat diets.4. Apparent digestibility of dietary components particularly in the whole wheat diet was significantly higher when diets were given to small pigs than when given to large pigs.

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