The influence of plane of nutrition on the effects of infection with Trypanosoma congolense in trypanotolerant cattle

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. ROMNEY ◽  
A. N'JIE ◽  
D. CLIFFORD ◽  
P. H. HOLMES ◽  
D. RICHARD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Trypanosoma Congolense ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Peak Parasitaemia

Thirty-two N'Dama heifers were offered ad libitum Andropogon hay plus 10·2 g/kg liveweight (LW) groundnut hay (GNH) (L) or 10·2 g/kg LW GNH and 3·9 g/kg LW groundnut cake (GNC) (H). After 4 weeks on the diets, half of each group were infected intradermally with Trypanosoma congolense clone (ITC 50) (LI and HI). Peak parasitaemia occurred 6–8 days after infection and started to decrease c. 56 days later. No differences in parasitaemia were observed between LI and HI animals. Packed cell volume (PCV) fell in all treatments (by 5·4, 13·8, 3·7 and 9·4 units after 49–63 days post-infection (p.i.) for the L, LI, H and HI groups respectively) and significant effects of infection and diet were observed. GNH and GNC intakes were maintained during the trial; however, infected animals had a decreased intake of Andropogon hay. LI animals lost significantly more weight during the experimental period than the non-infected controls (−71·4 v. −13·7 g/day). Meanwhile, HI animals gained less weight compared with the H group (52·2 v. 167·6 g/day). Weight losses appeared to be due to decreased food intake. In the period 54–68 days p.i., plasma concentrations of albumin were lower and plasma protein was higher in infected animals. Plasma cholesterol concentrations were also lower in infected animals 54–68 days p.i. Plasma urea concentrations were higher in supplemented animals but were not affected by infection. The results showed that animals on a higher plane of nutrition showed less severe clinical signs of infection. However, for all the parameters considered, the magnitude of the difference between groups on different diets was similar for both infected and control animals, suggesting that mechanisms of resistance were not affected by the planes of nutrition considered.

Effect of uremia on HDL composition, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis in wild-type mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (4) ◽  
pp. F1325-F1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian A. Bang ◽  
Susanne Bro ◽  
Emil D. Bartels ◽  
Tanja X. Pedersen ◽  
Lars B. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Cholic Acid ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Cholesterol Ratio ◽  
Amyloid A

Wild-type mice normally do not develop atherosclerosis, unless fed cholic acid. Uremia is proinflammatory and increases atherosclerosis 6- to 10-fold in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. This study examined the effect of uremia on lipoproteins, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis in wild-type C57BL/6J mice. Uremia was induced by nephrectomy (NX) and increased plasma urea and creatinine concentrations 2.5- to 4.5-fold; control mice were sham operated. After NX, mice were fed a Western-type diet or the same diet with 0.5% cholic acid. Cholic acid-fed NX mice did not thrive and were killed. In NX mice fed the Western-type diet ( n = 7), the total plasma cholesterol concentration was similar to that in sham mice ( n = 11), but on gel filtration the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio was increased. HDL from NX mice contained more serum amyloid A and triglycerides and less cholesterol than HDL from sham mice. Plasma concentrations of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 and aortic mRNA expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 did not differ between NX and sham mice. Twenty-six weeks after NX, the average oil red O-stained area of the aortic root was similar in NX and sham mice fed the Western-type diet, while it was increased in cholic acid-fed sham mice. The results suggest that moderate uremia neither induces aortic inflammation nor atherosclerosis in C57BL/6J mice despite increased LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio and altered HDL composition.

scholarly journals Comparison of serum lead level of opium dependent patients with a healthy control group

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e08-e08
Author(s):  
Gholam Reza Masoomi ◽  
Zeinab Rastegar Chupani ◽  
Hazhir Heidari Beigvand ◽  
Mahdi Rezai ◽  
Shahin Dokht Hasan Pour
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Average Serum ◽  
And Control

Introduction: The prevalence of multiple symptoms, including mental illness, symptoms that mimic diseases such as pancreatitis, nonspecific abdominal pain and cholecystitis, are high in drug-dependent patients. Objectives: The aim of this study was to consider the clinical signs and serum lead levels of individuals referred to four university hospitals with various complaints. Patients and Methods: In this study, 128 sample cases in two groups, the case group and control group, have been examined. The case group included 64 persons using oral opium who were suffering from various complaints and referred to emergency department of mentioned hospitals. The control group included 64 patients without any history of addiction. Results: Mean of blood serum lead level in opium users and control group was 76.34±17.82 mg/dL and 7.68±3.72 mg/dL respectively, and the difference between these groups was significantly meaningful (P<0.001). The most prevalent complaints were abdominal pain and pulmonary complaints. Conclusion: Findings of the current study showed high levels for an average serum lead level for oral opium addicts among the studied statistical population. In addition, results show that ultimate diagnosis of lead poisoning is a factor justifying symptoms for addicts with nonspecific symptoms, the subject that confirms several previous reports. This finding asserts the necessity of screening of serum lead level for patients addicted to opium compounds in order to prevent more severe side effects.

Nitrogen metabolism and plasma urea concentrations in fleeceweight-selected and control Romney rams

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 917 ◽  
Author(s):  
SN McCutcheon ◽  
DDS Mackenzie ◽  
HT Blair
Keyword(s):  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Urine Output ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Urea Concentration ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Plasma Urea Concentration ◽  
And Control ◽  
Daily Period

Nitrogen retention and plasma urea concentrations were examined in 2-year-old Romney rams from fleeceweight-selection and control lines. In four experimental periods rams were fed chaffed lucerne hay (110% of maintenance energy requirements) three times daily (Period I), twelve times daily (Period II), twice daily (Period IV), or were fasted (Period 111). Nitrogen balance was measured in Period I, while plasma concentrations, urinary excretions and clearances of urea and creatinine were examined in Periods II-IV. Water intake and urine output were measured in all periods. Plasma urea concentrations were also measured in the same rams at grazing. Differences between the lines in water intake, urine output, faecal and urinary nitrogen excretion and nitrogen retention were not significant. Control rams maintained significantly higher plasma concentrations of urea and creatinine than fleeceweight-selected rams but only under controlled feeding conditions (particularly twelve times daily feeding). Differences between the lines in plasma urea concentration could be accounted for by the (non-significantly) greater urinary urea excretion, and lower creatinine clearance rate, of control rams. Measurement of plasma urea concentration in sheep may provide a useful predictor of genetic merit for fleeceweight. However, it will be necessary to measure plasma urea concentration under controlled feeding conditions to accurately rank animals. Concurrent measurement of creatinine clearance rate and urinary urea excretion should also enhance the accuracy of prediction of genetic merit.

Effect of raw or roasted whole soybeans on early lactational performance and ruminal and blood metabolites in Iranian cows

2007 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. FATHI NASRI ◽  
M. DANESH MESGARAN ◽  
A. NIKKHAH ◽  
R. VALIZADEH ◽  
E. KEBREAB ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Lactational Performance ◽  
The Difference

SUMMARYThe current study evaluated responses of early lactation Iranian Holstein cows to feeding roasted whole soybeans (SB) plus cottonseed meal (CSM), raw SB plus CSM and soybean meal (SBM) plus cottonseed (CS) in diets with lucerne hay and maize silage as the primary forage source. Treatments consisted of a total mixed ration that included 387 g forage/kg, supplemented with: (1) 120 g roasted SB/kg and 82 g CSM/kg, (2) 120 g raw SB/kg and 82 g CSM/kg, or (3) 120 g SBM/kg and 82 g CS/kg on a dry matter (DM) basis. Diets were offered to 14 multiparous Holstein cows (body weight=617·0 kg, days in milk=16·9) that were assigned randomly to one of three experimental diets for a 45-day trial. Dry matter intake (DMI) was significantly higher for the roasted SB plus CSM diet than for the raw SB plus CSM diet but the difference between the SB plus CSM diets and SBM plus CS was not significant. Yields of milk and 35 g fat-corrected milk (FCM)/kg and milk fat were significantly higher for the roasted SB plus CSM diet than for raw SB plus CSM and also for the SB plus CSM diets than for SBM plus CS. Milk protein concentration was significantly increased by about 2·0 g/kg by the SBM plus CS diet, but milk protein yield was the same for cows fed SBM plus CS, roasted SB plus CSM and raw SB plus CSM diets. Rumen ammonia N, plasma urea N (PUN) and milk urea N (MUN) concentrations were lower when the roasted SB plus CSM diet was fed. Ruminal pH and plasma glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were not affected by dietary treatments. Plasma concentrations of essential amino acids (EAA), except Leu and Phe, were higher in cows fed the roasted SB plus CSM diet than in those fed raw SB plus CSM. The cows fed the SBM plus CS diet had the same concentrations of EAA, except Phe, as cows fed SB plus CSM diets. For diets based on lucerne hay and maize silage as the primary forage source, roasting of SB provides additional benefits over raw SB.

Effects of injecting growth hormone or thyroxine on milk production and blood plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factors I and II in dairy cows

1987 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Davis ◽  
P. D. Gluckman ◽  
I.C. Hart ◽  
H. V. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Igf I ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Three cows received injections of thyroxine (T4; 20 mg/day), four cows GH (40 mg/day) and three cows saline (control; 10 ml/day) on days 5–8 of a 16-day experimental period during peak lactation. Milk yield increased 13% in cows given GH (from 14·6 to 16·5 kg/day) and 15% in cows given T4 (from 15·8 to 18·2kg/day) but did not change in control cows. Injection of T4 increased milkfat and lactose content but reduced milk protein content. Injection of GH was without effect on milk composition during the injection period but milk protein rose after injections ceased. Injection of T4 increased plasma concentrations of T4 and tri-iodothyronine six- to sevenfold, with maxima occurring on day 9. Injection of GH increased the plasma concentration of GH five- to tenfold 5 h after injection. The plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) was increased in cows given GH in both morning (08.30 h) and afternoon (14.30 h) blood samples, the difference being greatest in afternoon samples in which plasma IGF-I content increased from 3·3 to 6·8 nmol/l. Injection of T4 reduced the plasma concentration of IGF-I in morning samples but the concentration in afternoon samples remained relatively constant throughout the 16-day experimental period. The plasma concentration of IGF-II rose in morning samples in all treatment groups to reach a maximum of 200–250 nmol/l by day 9. The galactopoietic response to injection of GH but not T4 was associated with an increase in plasma concentration of IGF-I. Changes in plasma concentration of IGF-II were not associated with changes in milk yield. J. Endocr. (1987) 114, 17–24

scholarly journals Difference Metabolites Induced By Deoxynivalenol in Serum and Urine of Weaned Rabbits Detected Using LC-MS Based Metabolomics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuchang Li ◽  
Libo Huang ◽  
Quancheng Liu ◽  
Pengwei Wang ◽  
Hongju Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Caffeine Metabolism ◽  
Diagnostic Indicator ◽  
Serum And Urine

Abstract Background: The main toxin effects of Deoxynivalenol (DON), which known as one of the mycotoxins with the highest pollution rate, is the result of long-term accumulation, and there are no obvious clinical signs at the early stage. Specific metabolites in blood and urine can be used as biomarkers and become an important diagnostic indicator for DON poisoning monitoring. At present, studies on the metabolic pathways and characteristics of DON mainly focus on humans, pigs and poultry, but few study on rabbits. This study aims to reveal the difference in DON-induced metabolites in the serum and urine of weaned rabbits, so as to help find potential biomarkers and understand the mechanism of DON in rabbits.Methods: A total of 32 weaned rex rabbits were divided evenly into two groups, namely the control group and DON group. Both groups of rabbits were fed with the basic diet. Rabbits in DON group were intraperitoneally injected with DON at 1.5 mg/kg b.w. every two days before feeding, while rabbits in control group were injected with saline at 1.5 mg/kg b.w. in the same way. After the 25-day trial, the serum and urine samples at different experimental period were collected for LC/MS analysis.Results: The results based on the LC-MS/MS method showed that DON can be metabolized rapidly in blood, and urine is the main metabolism pathway for DON. The data based on metabolomics illustrated that underlying biomarkers in serum were mainly involved in Glycerophospholipid metabolism, Tryptophan metabolism and Pentose and glucuronate interconversions, while those in urine samples involved in Caffeine metabolism, Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. Correlation analysis suggested that DON can induce 61 the changes in certain disease-related metabolites in serum and urine.Conclusions: The pathogenic mechanism of DON includes multiple levels, indicating that DON poisoning is caused by multiple factors acting on multiple links.

scholarly journals Plasma Ceruloplasmin and Fibrinogen during Enzyme Therapy of Mastitis in Dairy Cows

2006 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bakeš ◽  
J. Illek
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Enzyme Therapy ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the benefits of topical administration of proteolytic enzymes used in the symptomatic mastitis therapy. Eleven lactating cows with clinical signs of mastitis in one udder quarter at least were divided into two groups. Group Awas given an antibiotic alone - cefotaxime (250 mg, intramammary administration, 6 doses in total). Group B was given a lower dose of the same antibiotic (cefotaxime, 100 mg, intramammary administration, 5 doses in total) and a blend of enzymes in one drug form, i.e. both the dose and total number of administrations were lower in this group. Before and after the therapy, milk samples were collected and subjected to microbiological examination, and blood samples were withdrawn to determine fibrinogen and ceruloplasmin as acute phase proteins. Before the beginning of the therapy, common mastitis pathogens were detected in milk of both groups; after the end of the therapy, the test results were negative. Mean plasma concentrations of fibrinogen in Group A increased significantly from 6.0 ± 1.4 to 7.4 ± 1.1 g l-1, in Group B a non-significant decrease was observed, from 6.5 ± 0.86 g l-1 to 6.4 ± 0.9 g l-1. However, differences between the groups were significant (p < 0.05). In Group A, mean plasma ceruloplasmin concentration increased significantly from 0.9 ± 0.2 to 1.3 ± 0.18 μmol l-1, and in Group B it decreased non-significantly from 0.9 ± 0.36 to 1.1 ± 0.26 μmol l-1, and the difference between the groups was non-significant. In the present study, a favourable effect of repeated topical application of a mixture of proteolytic enzymes was demonstrated. The enzyme therapy resulted in a decreased therapeutic dose of the antibiotic, and suppressed an increase in the levels of inflammation markers under investigation.

THE 2019 NOVEL PANDEMIC OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19): A STUDY OF EXISTING EVIDENCE IN THE INDIAN POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Shrikant Verma ◽  
Mohammad Abbas ◽  
Sushma Verma ◽  
Syed Tasleem Raza ◽  
Farzana Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control ◽  
General Wellbeing ◽  
Different Parts

A novel spillover coronavirus (nCoV), with its epicenter in Wuhan, China's People's Republic, has emerged as an international public health emergency. This began as an outbreak in December 2019, and till November eighth, 2020, there have been 8.5 million affirmed instances of novel Covid disease2019 (COVID-19) in India, with 1,26,611 deaths, resulting in an overall case fatality rate of 1.48 percent. Coronavirus clinical signs are fundamentally the same as those of other respiratory infections. In different parts of the world, the quantity of research center affirmed cases and related passings are rising consistently. The COVID- 19 is an arising pandemic-responsible viral infection. Coronavirus has influenced huge parts of the total populace, which has prompted a global general wellbeing crisis, setting all health associations on high attentive. This review sums up the overall landmass, virology, pathogenesis, the study of disease transmission, clinical introduction, determination, treatment, and control of COVID-19 with the reference to India.

Analysis of the horizontal structure of a measurement and control geodetic network based on entropy

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mrówczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Geodetic Network ◽  
The State ◽  
Observation System ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Optimum Structure ◽  
Horizontal Structure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement And Control ◽  
Horizontal Displacements

Abstract The paper attempts to determine an optimum structure of a directional measurement and control network intended for investigating horizontal displacements. For this purpose it uses the notion of entropy as a logarithmical measure of probability of the state of a particular observation system. An optimum number of observations results from the difference of the entropy of the vector of parameters ΔHX̂ (x)corresponding to one extra observation. An increment of entropy interpreted as an increment of the amount of information about the state of the system determines the adoption or rejection of another extra observation to be carried out.

PENINGKATAN KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR SISWA SMP MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanti Jumaisyaroh Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Mathematic Teacher ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
Regulated Learning ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Direct Learning ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Learning Data

The purposes of this research were to know: the difference of improvement in self-regulated learning of students that given problem-based learning with students that given  direct learning. The type of this research is a quasi-experimental research by taking samples from the existing population. The variable of this research consist of independent variable that is problem based learning model while the dependent variable isself regulated learning of student.The population of this research is all students of SMP Swasta Ar-rahman Percut and the sample of this research is grade eight with taken sample two classes (experiment and control)  with total 60 students. The instrument of this research were: scale of self-regulated learning. Data that have been collected then analyzed and performed hypothesis testing by using T-test. Based of the results analysis, it showed that: improvment  of the students’ self-regulated learning that given problem-based learning was higher than the students’ ability that given direct learning His then, suggested that problem-based learning be used as an alternative for mathematic teacher to improved students’ ability in mathematical critical thinking and self-regulated learning.

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