The effect of supplementation of the diet of lactating Jersey cows with varying levels of acetic acid

1978 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lewis Johnson ◽  
David I. Kitchen
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Acid Infusion ◽  
Jersey Cows

SummaryTwO Latin-square experiments using lactating Jersey cows have been made to determine the response to 4 levels of acetic acid given as a supplement to diets fed at Woodman's Standards. The response in milk yield and composition to daily supplementary infusions of acetic acid is curvilinear, the point of inflexion occurring between the levels of 450 and 600 ml acetic acid/d. The direction of responses to the 150-ml level of infusion varied between the experiments. At the 600-ml level of addition the non-significant increases in milk fat, protein and lactose yield led to a significant increase in solids corrected milk yield. The effects of acetic acid infusion on the composition of the milk fat were determined.

Pelleted dried grass and rolled barley diets for lactating dairy cows

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. A. Khalifa ◽  
J. H. D. Prescott ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Jersey Cows

SUMMARY1. Pelleted grass and a concentrate containing 90% rolled barley and 10% soya bean meal were offered to cows in three combinations, 25: 75, 50: 50 and 75: 25 respectively, together with a constant low level of coarse roughage.2. The experiment was carried out in two stages, in early lactation as a randomized block design involving 18 Jersey cows fed to appetite and in mid-lactation as a 3 × 3 Latin square change-over design involving 12 cows, rationed according to milk yield.3. There were no significant between-treatment differences in either milk yield or milk fat content in either stage of the experiment.

The effects of feeding high fiber canola meal on total tract digestibility and milk production

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Mustafa ◽  
D. A. Christensen ◽  
J. J. McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
High Fiber

Two studies were undertaken to evaluate the nutritive value of high fiber canola meal (HFCM) relative to regular canola meal for ruminants. In the first study, 21 growing lambs were utilized in a randomized complete block design to determine the total tract digestion coefficients of dry matter (DMD), crude protein (CPD), gross energy (GED), neutral (NDFD) and acid (ADFD) detergent fiber and the digestible energy (DE) contents of seven dehydrated alfalfa-based diets containing 0, 250, 500 and 750 g kg−1 HFCM or canola meal. In the second study, the effect of feeding HFCM as a protein supplement to dairy cows relative to canola meal and soybean meal (SBM) was examined in a triple 3 × 3 Latin square design. Results of the first study showed that HFCM had lower (P < 0.05) DMD, CPD, GED and DE contents than canola meal. The estimated DMD, CPD and GED and DE contents for HFCM were 674 and 795 g kg−1, 695 kJ MJ−1 and 13.68 MJ kg−1, respectively. The corresponding values for canola meal were 707 and 841 g kg−1, 727 kJ MJ−1 and 14.10 MJ kg−1, respectively. Results of the second study showed that protein supplement source had no effect on DM intake, milk yield, milk fat g kg−1, lactose g kg−1 and total solid g kg−1. However, cows fed HFCM- and canola meal-based diets produced milk with lower (P < 0.05) protein content than those fed the SBM-based diet. It was concluded that HFCM had lower total tract nutrient digestion coefficients and DE content compared with canola meal. Incorporation of HFCM in dairy rations up to 100 g kg−1 of the ration had no adverse effect on milk yield or milk composition compared with canola meal. Key words: High fiber, canola meal, total tract digestibility, lactation

Effect of intravenous bovine growth hormone or human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor on milk production and plasma hormones and metabolites in sheep

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. Hart ◽  
P. M. E. Chadwick ◽  
S. James ◽  
A. D. Simmonds
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Vehicle Treatment ◽  
Plasma Hormones ◽  
Plasma Gh

ABSTRACT Although it is well known that exogenous bovine GH (bGH) increases milk yield in ruminants it has not been possible to determine whether an increase in endogenous GH secretion has the same effect. The recent isolation of human pancreatic GH-releasing factor (hpGRF-44) has enabled this comparison of the effects of bGH and hpGRF-44 on milk production in sheep. Three pairs of Dorset ewes underwent three 4-day treatments according to a Latin square design. Treatment 1 involved: 2-hourly i.v. injections (∼ 3·0 ml) of bGH (15 μg/kg; 1·8 units/mg); treatment 2: 2-hourly i.v. injections (∼3·0 ml) of hpGRF-44 (0·6 μg/kg); treatment 3: 2-hourly i.v. injections (3·0 ml) of the vehicle. Treatment periods were separated by 10 days. Sheep were milked twice daily and the milk was analysed for fat, protein and lactose. Blood samples (5·0 ml) were taken before and at 15, 45, 75 and 100 min after every third injection throughout the 4 days. Plasma was analysed for insulin, glucose, urea and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). The changes in plasma GH stimulated by hpGRF-44 were consistent and repeatable throughout the 4 days of treatment. In comparison to the controls, treatment with hpGRF-44 and bGH significantly increased average plasma GH (μg/l) for the 4 days (control, 5·7±0·2 (s.e.m.); hpGRF-44, 12·3±0·4, P<0·001; bGH, 14·5±0·5, P<0·001), and this was accompanied by similar increases in milk yield (hpGRF-44, 26·7±2·6%, P<0·001; bGH, 30·7±2·9%, P<0·001) and the concentration of milk fat (g/kg) (control, 28·6±0·5; hpGRF-44, 33·2±0·5; bGH 34·8±1·5, P<0·01 for both treatments). The post-treatment decline in milk yield was much slower after hpGRF-44 than after bGH injections. Both treatments stimulated significant increases in the average concentrations of plasma insulin, glucose and NEFA, and plasma urea was significantly reduced by treatment with bGH only. It is concluded that raising endogenous GH secretion is equally as effective as exogenous bGH in stimulating milk production in sheep. J. Endocr. (1985) 105, 189–196

scholarly journals Effect of different levels of supplied cobalt on the fatty acid composition of bovine milk

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 834-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger J. Karlengen ◽  
Ole Taugbøl ◽  
Brit Salbu ◽  
Are H. Aastveit ◽  
Odd M. Harstad
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Cobalt Acetate ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Four Levels

In previous studies, administration of high amounts of Co decreased the proportion of MUFA in bovine milk. The present study was conducted to examine the amount of Co needed to obtain this effect. High-yielding dairy cows (n4), equipped with ruminal cannulas, were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design study. The basal diet consisted of concentrate mixture (9 kg/d) without added Co and grass silage (ad libitum). The following four levels of Co were administrated as cobalt acetate dissolved in distilled water: no Co (treatment 1, T1); 4·0 mg Co/d (T2); 380 mg Co/d (T3); 5300 mg Co/d (T4). Each period lasted for 18 d, including 11 d of treatment. During the treatment periods, the solutions were continuously infused into the rumen. Milk yield and milk concentration of fat, fatty acids (FA), protein, lactose, Co, Zn, Fe and Cu were determined. Blood plasma was analysed with respect to FA, Co, Zn, Fe and Cu. Feed intake and total tract digestibility of feed components were also determined. There was a linear effect of increasing the level of Co on milk FA composition. The effects of Co on FA composition in blood were insignificant compared with the effects on milk. In milk fat, the concentration ofcis-9-18 : 1 was reduced by as much as 38 % on T4 compared with T1. Feed intake and milk yield were negatively affected by increasing the Co level.

Milk yield and composition of milk and blood as indicators of energy intake by Jersey cows

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 657 ◽  
Author(s):  
TH Stobbs ◽  
DJ Brett
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Jersey Cows

Jersey cows were used in a change-over design to examine the effect of three levels of energy intake (lucerne hay at 100, 75 and 50% ad lib.) on milk yield, milk composition, fatty acid composition of milk fat, and blood metabolites (non-esterified fatty acids, glucose and total ketones) to determine which measurement was the most accurate indicator of intake of energy. Milk yields averaged 9.9, 8.7 and 7.2 kg/cow/day with relative intakes of 100, 75 and 50% of ad lib. When energy was restricted the proportion of C4–C16 fatty acids in milk fat decreased (72, 69 and 59%), while the proportion of oleic acid increased (15, 18 and 26%). These changes occurred within approximately 6 days on new energy levels. Fore milk and strippings had similar fatty acid proportions. Restriction of energy reduced the solids not fat, protein and casein contents of milk, and increased its butter fat percentage. Non-esterifred fatty acid levels in blood plasma increased with restriction of feed (348, 528 and 579 µ-equiv./l). Glucose and ketone bodies of blood averaged 58 mg/100 ml and 9.1 mg/100 mi respectively, and did not vary between treatments. It is concluded that milk production is the most sensitive indicator of the intake of digestible energy where change-over designs are used. However, when individual animal variation is not removed in the analysis, the intake of energy is most closely correlated with the fatty acid composition of milk fat (r = 0.73 and –0.74 for C4–C16 acids and oleic acid respectively). Significant correlations with the protein to fat and casein to fat ratios of milk were also measured (r = 0.64 and 0.63 respectively). There was a poor relationship between energy intake and blood composition (r = –0.25 for non-esterified fatty acid content).

scholarly journals Ruminal metabolic parameters and milk fatty acid profile of cows grazing Marandu grass supplemented with roasted soybeans

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 745
Author(s):  
Mário Henrique França Mourthé ◽  
Fernando César Ferraz Lopes ◽  
Ronaldo Braga Reis ◽  
Marco Antônio Sundfeld da Gama ◽  
Mirton José Frota Morenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Experimental Treatments

The goal of this study was to evaluate the ruminal metabolic parameters and milk fatty acid composition of cows managed under continuous grazing on Marandu grass. Four rumen-cannulated Holstein x Gyr cows with an average milk yield of 21±2 kg day-1 and 79±16 days in milk were used in a 4 x 4 Latin Square design. Each cow received 6 kg day-1 of a concentrate formulated with 0 (control), 1.3, 2.6 or 3.9 kg of roasted soybeans (as-fed basis), which were the experimental treatments. The inclusion of roasted soybeans promoted a linear reduction in the acetate concentration, with no effect on the pH and ruminal ammonia N concentration. There was no effect of the treatments on the ruminal degradability of the dry matter and neutral detergent fiber of Marandu grass or on the kinetic parameters of the fluids in the rumen. There were linear increases in the contents of fat and total solids in the milk and a linear decrease in the milk lactose content, but there was no effect of the treatments on the yield of these components or on milk yield. There were linear increases in milk fat stearic, elaidic, oleic, linoleic and ?-linolenic acids contents, but there was no effect of the treatments on the milk fat contents of vaccenic and rumenic acids. Notably, supplementing Marandu grass with a concentrate containing up to 3.9 kg of roasted soybeans improved the nutritional quality of the milk fat due to increases in the milk fat contents of oleic and ?-linolenic acids, which are considered beneficial to human health, and reductions in the levels of lauric, myristic and palmitic, which are considered hypercholesterolemic fatty acids.

Influence of forage: concentrate ratio and type of starch in the diet on feeding behaviour, dietary preferences, digestion, metabolism and performance of dairy goats in mid lactation

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Abijaoudé ◽  
P. Morand-Fehr ◽  
J. Tessier ◽  
P. Schmidely ◽  
D. Sauvant
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
And Performance ◽  
C 30

AbstractIn a 12-week trial, 12 Alpine and 12 Saanen dairy goats in mid lactation were housed in individual stalls for behavioural, digestive and metabolic studies. Eight of them were fitted with ruminal cannulae. They were offered ad libitum four complete diets CR, CS, FR and FS (450 g dry matter (DM) per kg) in a 4✕4 Latin-square design. Forage: concentrate ratio was either low (C = 30: 70) or high (F = 55: 45) and starch source either rapidly (R, barley) or slowly (S, maize) degraded in the rumen.Diet preferences were tested. DM intake, chewing activities and performance were determined. Ruminal pH and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) concentrations were measured. Goats were also challenged intravenously with glucose (0·2 g/kg live weight) to assess glucose homeostasis.CR was the most preferred diet. The level of intake differed according to the type of starch (2·2 kg DM per day of CR and FR and 2·0 kg DM per day of CS and FS). FS lowered ruminal pH significantly less than the other diets after the meal. Ruminal NH3-N concentrations were lower in goats given CR and CS than FR and FS. Goats’ resistance to a glucose challenge was not different among diets. Milk yield was 2·00, 1·85, 2·01, 1·85 kg/day on CR, CS, FR and FS respectively. Milk fat content decreased significantly with diets rich in concentrate (24 v. 26 g/kg milk) but milk protein content varied only a little.In conclusion it appears that (1) higher forage: concentrate ratios were less preferred and decreased ruminal acidity but increased daily chewing, ruminal NH3-N and milk fat content; and (2) rapidly degraded starch increased intake, ruminal acidity and milk yield.

scholarly journals AN EVALUATION OF STEAM-TREATED ASPEN AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR CORN SILAGE IN THE RATIONS OF LACTATING COWS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-384
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Forage Mixtures

Fifteen lactating Holsteins were used to test processed aspen added to corn silage at the levels of 0, 10 and 20% (dry matter basis). The experiment was designed as a latin square with three experimental periods each 42 days in length. The forage mixtures were fed free choice to the cows, which were housed in a free-stall barn, and their individual feed intakes were recorded by using electronic doors. The processed aspen contained 45.4% dry matter, 73.7% acid detergent fiber and 0.54% protein. There was no evidence of heating or mold growth in the aspen during the 5 mo of the trial. Silage dry matter intake and milk yield were 11.8, 13.4 and 13.4 and 25.7, 27.0 and 26.8 kg per day, respectively, for the silage mixtures containing 0, 10 and 20% processed aspen. Fat test was decreased slightly and milk protein content significantly (P < 0.05) depressed by the addition of 20% processed aspen chips to the corn silage. Efficiency of milk yield was not significantly influenced (P > 0.05) by the inclusion of aspen chips in the silage. Neither the molar proportion of acetic acid nor the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid in the rumen fluid was changed when the cows were fed silage containing processed aspen chips. The apparent digestibilities of total ration dry matter and protein were lowered significantly by the addition of 10% aspen chips to the forage mixture. It was concluded from the results of this trial that steam-processed aspen chips had little nutritive value when fed to lactating cows as a partial substitute for corn silage.

scholarly journals Possibilities of using dairy compounds exposed to different treatments in dairy cow feeding

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
B. Z Saricicek
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Solids Content

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of untreated dairy compound feeds; DCF (control) and DCFs subjected to 2% fat (F); 2.5% tannic acid (TA); 2% fat + 2.5% tannic acid (F + TA) on the milk yield and composition. In the study, 4 cows of Jersey breed were used and 4 &times; 4 Latin square experimental design was applied. Normal milk yield, 4% fat corrected milk yield (FCM), dry matter content of milk, non-fat solids content of milk, CP content of milk, fat content of milk, lactose content of milk, crude ash content of milk, daily DM consumption of cows, feed efficiency according to normal milk yield of cows, feed efficiency according to the FCM of cows were 11.96, 12.14, 10.89 and 11.94 kg/day (P &lt; 0.05); 14.16, 14.50, 13.06 and 13.70 kg/day (P &lt; 0.05); 13.37, 13.34, 13.54 and 13.41% (P &gt; 0.05); 8.12, 8.00, 8.35 and 8.19% (P &gt; 0.05); 3.67, 3.70, 3.87 and 3.63% (P &lt; 0.05); 5.25, 5.34, 5.19 and 5.22% (P &gt; 0.05); 4.97, 4.812, 5.01 and 5.042% (P &gt; 0.05); 0.75, 0.73, 0.74 and 0.73% (P &gt; 0.05); 15.97, 15.84, 15.94 and 15.59&nbsp;kg/day (P &gt; 0.05); 1.34, 1.31, 1.46 and 1.31 kg feed DM/kg milk (P &gt; 0.05); 1.13, 1.09, 1.22 and 1.14 kg feed DM/kg milk (P &gt; 0.05), respectively. According to the results it can be stated that 2.5TA and 2F treatments had positive effects on FCM milk yield and milk protein yield. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Jersey İneklerinde STAT5A Geninin Süt Verimi ve Bileşenleri Üzerine Etkisinin Araştırılması

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Soner Çankaya ◽  
Mehmet Ülker ◽  
Özden Çobanoğlu ◽  
Eser Kemal Gürcan ◽  
Ertuğrul Kul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dna Isolation ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
State Farm ◽  
Signal Transducers ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Jersey Cows ◽  
Stat5a Gene

In this study, the effect of STAT5A gene was investigated on milk yield and components (fat, protein) in Jersey cows. Because, this gene is a member of the signal transducers and activators of transcription the factor (STAT) family and thought to be the impact on milk yield and components. As a material in the research, 100 Jersey cows raised in Samsun Karakoy State Farm were used. Milk samples were collected 12 times with one month intervals after calving, and these samples were performed by ultrasonic milk analyzer for milk fat and protein content. In addition, test day milk yield (TDMY) of each cow were also recorded in the control days. C/G polymorphism with PCR-RFLP method result in DNA isolation from blood samples taken from cows was determined at 8.exon at position 12195. Genotype distribution was detected as 69% CC, 28% CG and 3% GG. Allele frequencies were found as 0.83 for the C allele and 0.17 for G allele. As a result of the polymorphism identified in STAT5A gene, statistically no difference were detected among genotypes for TDMY, 305 day milk yield (305 DMY), milk fat and protein rates and milk fat and protein yield. As a result, no significant differences were found between the milk yield and compositions association with STAT5A

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