Effect of localised antibiotic infusions applied to the teat-canal and teat sinus at drying-off on mastitis in the dry-period and at calving

2001 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
MURRAY W. WOOLFORD ◽  
JOHN H. WILLIAMSON ◽  
TONY M. DAY ◽  
S. JANE LACY-HULBERT ◽  
HAROLD V. HENDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Intramammary Infection ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Antibiotic Control ◽  
Teat Canal

An experiment using three New Zealand herds and a total of 632 cows, examined the effect of localised prophylactic treatments with antibiotic at drying-off on the incidence of new intramammary infection during the dry period and at calving. Antibiotic was infused either into the teat canal (0·22 g of dry-cow formulation) or the teat sinus (3·1 g of lactating-cow formulation) of uninfected quarters to eliminate any bacteria present in these locations at the last milking of lactation. These treatments were compared with a negative control (nil treatment) and a positive antibiotic control (infusion of 3·6 g of dry-cow formulation). All antibiotic formulations used the same active ingredient, sodium cloxacillin. No significant reduction in new dry period clinical mastitis was observed for the two localised treatments whereas the positive control treatment achieved 100% reduction in new clinical mastitis compared with untreated control quarters. A 41% reduction (P<0·05) in new Streptococcus uberis infections at calving was associated with the teat canal antibiotic treatment, compared with an 82% reduction (P<0·001) for the positive antibiotic control. Both localised treatments showed a reduced incidence of new intramammary infection (P<0·001) when pooled across periods and pathogens. Teats receiving either the teat canal antibiotic treatment or a full infusion of long acting dry-cow antibiotic had a lower incidence of open teat canals (P<0·05) at 3 weeks after drying-off.

UJI EFEK ANALGESIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L.) PADA MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN (Mus musculus) DENGAN INDUKSI NYERI ASAM ASETAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Triswanto Sentat ◽  
Susiyanto Pangestu
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Analgesic Dose ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

Kersen leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) contains tannins, flavonoids and polyphenol compounds allegedly have analgesic effect. The objective was to determine the analgesic effect of ethanol extract of kersen leaves and to determine the most effective analgesic dose. This study was an experimental research. Leaves were extracted with ethanol 70% and the analgesic effect test was divided into 5 groups: negative control treatment (distilled water), positive control (mefenamic acid 2.6mg/kg), kersen leaf ethanol extract first dose (100mg/kg), second dose (200mg/kg) and tthird dose (400mg/kg). Giving treatments by oral, after 30 minutes, the mices were given a pain inductor with 0.5% acetic acid by intra peritonial administration. Analgesic power was calculated by counting the number of writhing in mice for 1 hour. The results showed that the ethanol extract of cherry leaf has analgesic effect. From the calculation of the first dose analgesic power (42.9%), second dose (59.4%) and the third dose 69.9%. Statistical test results kruskal wallis value of p=0.011 (p<0.05) showed a significant difference between all analgesic treatment groups. The conclusion of this study is all of the ethanol extract had analgesic effects on male white mice, whereas a dose of 400mg/kg is the most effective analgesic dose.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI PARU TIKUS WISTAR SETELAH DIBERI PAPARAN ASAP ROKOK

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novera Herdiani ◽  
Endah Budi Permana Putri
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alveolar Macrophage ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Lung Histopathology

Abstract: Cigarette smoke is the main cause of lung obstruction. One of the obstructions in real that iscaused by cigarette smoke is oxidative stress. Oxidative stress trigger inflammation response occur andlung obstruction. Cigarette smoke able to cause lung histopathology changes like lungs obstruction onalveolus wall. Red dragon fruit extract tackle free radical then able to against the oxidative stress. Theobjective of this study to examines the image of rat lung histopathology under exposed cigarette smoke.Twenty four Wistar rats divided four groups: negative control, positive control, red dragon fruit extracttreatment of 7,2 g/200 g WB, and red dragon fruit extract10,8 g/200 g WB. Negative control only givenstandard feed. Positive control given standar feed and exposed 21 cigarette per day. Treatment groupgiven feed during 21 days. In the 22nd day rats be sacrificed, the lung taken out for observation andimage of rat lung histopathology changes by making lung organ histopathology preparationhematoxicillin Eosion (HE) staining and observed under magnification light microscope 400x. The endresult of the study indicate the finding of changes in lung histopathology such as obstruction level overthe lung tissue higher, alveolar macrophage covered alveoli after being exposed cigarette smoke. Groupwhich does not exposed cigarette smoke, lung alveolus macrophage in normal condition, there are noobstruction or alveolus macrophage occurred, its alveolar macrophage does no covering alveoli.Treatment group administered fruit dragon extract dose 10,8 g/200 g WB and dose 7,2 g/200 g WB seemalmost the same with negative control treatment. Conclusion of the research is cigarette smoke exposecan influence the number of alveolar macrophage on wistar rats. Suggestion very required furtherresearch on oxdative stress parameter.

Evaluation of Chlorhexidine as a Premilking Teat Disinfectant for the Prevention of Intramammary Infections During Lactation

1994 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 614-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. OLIVER ◽  
B. E. GILLESPIE ◽  
M. J. LEWIS ◽  
T. L. INGLE ◽  
H. H. DOWLEN
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

A study was conducted for 15 months to evaluate efficacy of a 0.35% chlorhexidine teat dip as a premilking teat disinfectant based on reduction of naturally occurring new intramammary infections. Predipping was compared with a negative control using a split-udder experimental design. All teats were dipped after milking with the same 0.35% chlorhexidine teat dip. Most new major pathogen intramammary infections were caused by Streptococcus species, primarily Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus equinus and gram-negative bacteria, primarily Escherichia coli. Percentage of quarters newly infected by major mastitis pathogens was 30.6% lower in mammary glands with teats predipped and postdipped in chlorhexidine than in mammary glands with teats postdipped only, and differences between treatment groups approached significance. New infections by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species were significantly lower in mammary glands with teats predipped and postdipped than in mammary glands with teats postdipped only. When all mastitis pathogens were combined, percentage of quarters newly infected by major and minor mastitis pathogens was significantly lower in the predipped and postdipped group than in the postdipped only group. No statistical differences in incidence of clinical mastitis between treatment groups were observed. No chapping or irritation of teats was observed and no adverse effects were detected using chlorhexidine as a premilking and postmilking teat disinfectant. Results of this study suggest that premilking teat disinfection with chlorhexidine in association with good udder preparation and postmilking teat disinfection can further reduce the occurrence of new intramammary infections during lactation.

scholarly journals Effect of cooling during the dry period on immune response after Streptococcus uberis intramammary infection challenge of dairy cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 7426-7436 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.M.T. Thompson ◽  
S. Tao ◽  
A.P.A. Monteiro ◽  
K.C. Jeong ◽  
G.E. Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Intramammary Infection ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis

scholarly journals CONTROL OF Vibrio alginolyticus INFECTION IN ASIAN SEA BASS Lates calcarifer USING AMBON BANANA PLANT POWDER Musa paradisiacal THROUGH THE FEED

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Hamida Pattah ◽  
Dinamella Wahjuningrum ◽  
Munti Yuhana ◽  
Widanarni Widanarni
Keyword(s):  
Challenge Test ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Vibrio Alginolyticus ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Banana Plant ◽  
Asian Sea Bass ◽  
Antibiotic Control ◽  
Lower Production

Asian sea bass is one of economically important commodities in aquaculture. However, its culture often challenged by vibriosis infection which resulted in lower production. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the ambon banana plant powder application in feed as an effort to control the disease caused by Vibrio alginolyticus infection. Asian sea bass with total length of 7.48 ± 0.45 cm. Five different treatments were applied in this experiment, i.e. positive control, negative control, prevention, curative, and antibiotic application. The challenge test is carried out on the 15th day. Challenge test was performed with intramuscularly injection of V. alginolyticus at the cell density of 106 CFU/fish. The results showed the amount of feed consumption after the challenge test was highest in the curative and antibiotic control. However, these results were not significantly different (P>0.05) among preventive and curative treatments but were significantly different from controls (P<0.05). Fish treated with supplemented feed showed the highest total erythrocytes, total leukocytes, hemoglobin, respiratory burst, and lysozyme activity compared to controls. IL-1b gene expression increased after the challenge test with the highest level of expression in the curative treatment. It can be concluded that the administration of ambon banana plant powder (3 g/100 g diet) could control of V. alginolyticus infection in Asian sea bass and resulted 70.00% survival rate on prevention and 83.33% on curative treatments.

scholarly journals Meloidogyne javanica control by Pochonia chlamydosporia, Gracilibacillus dipsosauri and soil conditioner in tomato

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Silva de Podestá ◽  
Leandro Grassi de Freitas ◽  
Rosangela Dallemole-Giaretta ◽  
Ronaldo João Falcão Zooca ◽  
Larissa de Brito Caixeta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Nematophagous Fungus ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Pochonia Chlamydosporia ◽  
Soil Conditioner

Organic matter plays a fundamental role in the antagonistic activity of microorganisms against phytonematode populations on the soil. In this study, the compatibility between the fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia (Pc-12) and the rhizobacterium Gracilibacillus dipsosauri (MIC 14) was evaluated in vitro, as well as the effect of the fungus at the concentration of 5,000 chlamydospores per gram of soil, rhizobacterium at 4.65 x 10(9) cells/g of soil, and the soil conditioner Ribumin® at 10 g/pot, either alone or in combination, against Meloidogyne javanica population in tomato plants (3,000 eggs/pot). A suspension of water or Ribumin® alone was applied on the soil as negative control, while a suspension of nematode eggs was applied as positive control. The reduction in the number of galls in roots per plant was 48 and 41% for the treatments Ribumin + MIC 14 + Pc-12 and MIC 14 + Pc-12, respectively. Regarding to the number of eggs per plant, MIC 14 and Pc-12 + Ribumin led to a reduction by 26 and 21%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. Interaction between the nematophagous fungus and the rhizobacterium was positive for the nematode control, even though G. dipsosauri inhibited P. chlamydosporia growth by up to 30% in in vitro tests.

scholarly journals Evaluation of in vivo anti-malarial potential of omidun obtained from fermented maize in Ibadan, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Favour O. Omeiza ◽  
George O. Ademowo ◽  
Funmilola A. Ayeni
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Malaria Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Final Group ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

Abstract Background The menace of resistance to anti-malarial drugs is a great challenge to malaria control, necessitating the search for new anti-malarial agents. This search has led to the exploration of natural products for efficacy in malaria therapy. Omidun is the supernatant of fermenting maize (ogi) slurry that has been widely investigated and reported to possess several health benefits and it is used traditionally as solvent for preparing anti-malarial herbs. However, there is no information on the anti-malarial activity of omidun itself. This study was conducted to investigate the prophylactic, curative and suppressive anti-malarial potential of omidun. Methods Experimental mice in the curative group were infected with 1 × 106 cells of Plasmodium berghei strain ANKA and treated with either 0.2 ml of omidun containing 3 × 109 cfu/ml of viable lactic acid bacteria or 0.2 ml of 5 mg/kg of chloroquine (positive control) or 0.2 ml of saline (negative control) for 4 days from day 3 post infection. The prophylactic group of mice were pre-treated with either omidun, chloroquine or saline for 4 days before infection with P. berghei, while the suppressive group was treated with omidun or chloroquine or saline and infected with P. berghei simultaneously. A group of mice were uninfected but treated (with omidun and control samples), while a final group was uninfected and untreated (controls). Parasitaemia and histopathology analysis were done in all groups. Results The curative and suppressive groups showed a significant difference between the omidun-treated mice (100% parasitaemia reduction) and the untreated mice (54.5% parasitaemia increase). There was no significance difference between the omidun treatment and chloroquine (positive control) treatment in suppressive group as both treatment had 100% parasitaemia reduction. The omidun prophylactic treatment however did not show any parasitaemia suppression, but a significant difference was observed between the omidun treatment (85% increase) and the chloroquine (positive control) treatment (100% reduction) in the group. Omidun treatment is non-toxic to the kidney. Conclusion This study provides scientific evidence supporting omidun usage in the treatment of malaria. Consequently, further work may yield the specific component of omidun responsible for the anti-malarial activity.

scholarly journals Effect of picung (Pangium edule) plant extracts as a botanical pesticide on mortality of coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei)

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-228
Author(s):  
Soekadar Wiryadiputra
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Botanical Insecticide ◽  
Hypothenemus Hampei ◽  
Botanical Pesticide ◽  
Plant Uses ◽  
High Security Level ◽  
Research Show

Coffee pests known as coffe berry borer (CBB, Hypothenemus hampei) were main pests which decreasing the productivity of Indonesian coffee. One of pests controlling was done by insecticides. Generally, plant uses for insecticide show high security level, because the breaking molecule was easy as not dangerous compound. Pangium edule contains of flavanoide, cyanide acid and saponin had potential as an botanical insecticide. The purpose of this research was to prove the potential extract of seed and leaves of picung (Pangium edule) as an botanical insecticide for CBB. This research used a complete random design. There were 8 treatments with the concentration of the extract from leaves and seed of picung, one positive control treatment (Carbaril 0,02% formulation) and one negative control treatment (aquades). The treatment was repeated four times and carried out observation on every day until six days. The concentrations leaf and seed extracts were 1.0%, 2.5% and 5.0%. The result of the research show that between concentration applied the were no significant different and at observation six days after application the mortality of CBB only around 35 -40% on both extracts (ewater and methanol). The result of the research also show that there were no real differentiation between leaves and seed of picung. LT-50 values were 1.25% and 0.96%, for leaves and seed extract in water for six day observation. From this observation could be concluded that picung tree (Pangium edule) is not effective in the controlling CBB in the interval concentration applied and extraction method used. Key words: Botanical pesticide, picung tree, Pangium edule, mortality, Hypothenemus hampei, water extraction, methanol extraction.

scholarly journals Benefits of Nigella sativa Extract Protecting Ovary Due to Cisplatin Chemotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 680-687
Author(s):  
Khairani Sukatendel ◽  
M. Fidel Ganis Siregar ◽  
Muharam Natadisastra ◽  
Iqbal Pahlevi Adiputra Nasution ◽  
Syafruddin Ilyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Chemotherapy Agent ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
In Cis

BACKGROUND: Cisplatin (CIS) is an important chemotherapy agent which is widely used for the treatment of many types of solid tumors, which can cause decreased ovarian function. Nigella sativa has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity that might protect the ovaries from damage due to CIS. AIM: This study aims to understand the benefits of N. sativa protecting the ovaries due to CIS chemotherapy. METHODS: Thirty-two female Rattus norvegicus aged 8 weeks weighing 160–200 g were divided into four groups: Negative control, Positive control, Treatment-1 (CIS 6 mg/KgBW and NS 500 mg/KgBW/day), and Treatment-2 (CIS 6 mg/KgBW and NS 1000 mg/kgBW/day) for 2 weeks. On the 14th day the rats were sacrificed, blood was drawn from the heart, followed by taking ovaries. RESULTS: There was lower mortality and morbidity in CIS + NS 1000 and CIS + NS 500 mg group (p = 0.01 and 0.001). The mean estradiol levels, follicle-stimulating hormone levels, and anti-mullerian hormone levels were not statistically significant among the four groups. The highest number of primary, secondary, tertiary follicles are seen at the CIS + NS 500 mg and CIS + NS 1000 mg groups (p = 0.05). The lowest number of atretic follicles is seen at the CIS + NS 1000 mg group, and the highest number of atretic follicles was in CIS only. CONCLUSION: There is a trend that N. sativa is beneficial in protecting the ovaries from damage caused by CIS.

scholarly journals Effects of aqueous moringa oleifera leaf extracts on gut morphology and pH of hubbard broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
S. J. Owolabi ◽  
O. J. Alabi ◽  
A. D. Malik ◽  
E. Z. Jiya ◽  
T. Z. Adama
Keyword(s):  
Large Intestine ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Gut Morphology

This study was conducted to determine the effect of varying aqueous Moringa oleifera leaf extracts (AMOLE) on the gut morphology and pH of Hubbard broiler chickens. Atotal of 240 Hubbard broiler chickens were randomly allocated into six treatments with four replicates in a completely randomized design. The treatments were positive control (AMOLE ), negative + control (AMOLE), AMOLE60 (60mL of the extracts per litre), AMOLE90 (90mL of the extracts per litre), AMOLE120 (120mL of the extracts per litre) and AMOLE150 (150mL of the extracts per litre). Data on gut morphology weight and length and their pH were measured and analysed by one way analysis of variance. The results showed that dressed, crop, large intestine, kidney and lung weights of birds were influenced (P<0.05) by the treatments. Birds in the control treatments (94.67 %, 94.93 %) had the higher (P<0.05) dressing percentage. Birds on the AMOLE60 had the higher (P<0.05) crop and large intestine weights (4.47 and0.23 %, respectively). The birds on the AMOLE90 treatment had the largest kidney weight of 0.33 %. Absolute crop and caecum length were influenced byaqueous Moringa oleifera leaf extracts while the relative caecum length was the only relative organ length that was influenced by aqueous Moringa oleifera leaf extracts treatment.The pH of the internal organs showed that the gizzards, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, kidney and lung were influenced (P<0.05) by the treatments. Birds on positive control treatment had higher pH values in most of the parameters measured. Birds on the AMOLE120 had the lowest (P<0.05) duodenum, jejunum and lung pH. This study revealed AMOLE had influence on the gut morphology and pH of broiler chickens. Therefore, it can be concluded that the substitution of antibiotics as a growth promoter with aqueous Moringa oleifera leaf extracts up to 120 ml improved the gut morphology and pH of the intestinal segmentsin broiler chickens. Thus, is recommended that farmers, poultry producers and nutritionists to administer between 60 and 120 mL/litre of AMOLE in the drinking water of broiler chickens to nourish them for good gut morphology and optimum pH of their internal organs.

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