Effects of intramammary inoculation ofLactobacillus perolensCRL1724 in lactating cows’ udders

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio D Frola ◽  
Matías S Pellegrino ◽  
María C Espeche ◽  
José A Giraudo ◽  
María EF Nader-Macias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Major Pathogens ◽  
Adhesion Index ◽  
Teat Canal

Bovine mastitis is the most important infectious disease on dairy farms. Conventional antibiotic therapy is often unsatisfactory and alternative treatments are continually under investigation.Lactobacillus (Lb.) perolensCRL 1724 andLactobacillus plantarumCRL 1716 were previously isolated from milk of dairy cows and selected according to their potential probiotic properties. In the present work the in-vitro capacity ofLactobacillusstrains to adhere to bovine teat canal epithelial cells (BTCEC) and to inhibit and co-aggregate 14 mastitis-causing pathogens (MCPs) was investigated. The effect ofLb. perolensCRL 1724 after intramammary inoculation in lactating cows was evaluated through determination of clinical signs of mastitis, milk appearance, somatic cell counts andLb. perolensCRL 1724 recovery from milk.Lb. perolensCRL 1724 was able to inhibit 12 of 14 MCPs (85·7%) in vitro, especially those considered to be major pathogens. In addition,Lb. perolensCRL 1724 co-aggregated with all of them.Lb. plantarumCRL 1716 was able to inhibit 7 of 14 MCPs (50%) in vitro and showed co-aggregation ability similar toLb. perolensCRL 1724.Lb. perolensCRL 1724 showed a higher efficacy of adhesion to BTCEC (values of percentage of adhesion and adhesion index of 75% and 14·4, respectively) thanLb. plantarumCRL 1716 (37% and 7·4, respectively).Lb. perolensCRL 1724 was recovered from all mammary quarters and no clinical signs or teat damage were observed after the inoculation of 106cfu/ml. The udders presented a normal aspect and there were no changes in the appearance of the milk. The results obtained will serve as the basis for further trials to evaluate the potential ofLb. perolensCRL 1724 to be included in a non-antibiotic formulation for the prevention of bovine mastitis.

Efficacy of a teat dip containing the bacteriocin lacticin 3147 to eliminate Gram-positive pathogens associated with bovine mastitis

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Klostermann ◽  
Fiona Crispie ◽  
Jim Flynn ◽  
William J Meaney ◽  
R Paul Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Lacticin 3147 ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens ◽  
Teat Canal

On most dairy farms teat dips are applied to the teats of cows either before or after milking in order to prevent pathogens from gaining access to the mammary gland via the teat canal. In the present experiments, a natural teat dip was developed using a fermentate containing the live bacteriumLactococcus lactisDPC 3251. This bacterium produces lacticin 3147, a two-component lantibiotic which was previously shown to effectively kill Gram-positive mastitis pathogens. Lacticin 3147 activity in the fermentate was retained at 53% of its original level following storage for 3 weeks at 4°C. In the initial experiments in vitro, 105colony-forming units/ml (cfu/ml) of eitherStaphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus dysgalactiaeorStreptococcus uberiswere introduced into the lacticin-containing fermentate. NeitherStaph. aureusnorStr. dysgalactiaecould be detected after 30 min or 15 min, respectively, whileStr. uberiswas reduced approximately 100-fold after 15 min. Following these trials, preliminary experiments were performed in vivo on teats of lactating dairy cows. In these experiments, teats were coated with each of the challenge organisms and then dipped with the lacticin-containing fermented teat dip. Following a dip contact time of 10 min, staphylococci were reduced by 80% when compared with the undipped control teat. Streptococcal challenges were reduced by 97% forStr. dysgalactiaeand by 90% forStr. uberis. These trials showed that the teat dip is able to reduce mastitis pathogens on the teats of lactating cows.

scholarly journals Serum immunoglobulin from Nellore cattle produced by in vitro fertilization and treated for umbilical diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-261
Author(s):  
Celso Antonio Rodrigues ◽  
Paulo Sergio P. Santos ◽  
Francisco Leydson F. Feitosa ◽  
Sílvia Helena V. Perri ◽  
Júlio Augusto N. Lisboa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulin ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
Persistent Urachus ◽  
Umbilical Herniation

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to measure serum immunoglobulin concentrations of Nellore cattle produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF) with umbilical diseases and to evaluate surgical excision as a method of treatment. Sixteen cattle with ages ranging from 1 to 15 months, males and females, affected by umbilical diseases were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected for cell counts and the determination of immunoglobulin concentrations by electrophoresis and zinc sulphate turbidimetry (ZST). Four calves were presented with umbilical herniation, two with an umbilical herniation associated with a persistent urachus, two with an umbilical herniation with a persistent urachus and omphaloarteritis, three with an umbilical herniation and an urachal diverticulum, three with a persistent urachus, one with an urachal diverticulum, and one with omphalitis. The blood cell counts pre- and post-surgical revealed differences in cell volume and the number of leukocytes. The immunoglobulin values measured by electrophoresis values were below normal in most animals, whereas the ZST showed normal levels in most of them. Most of the calves affected by umbilical diseases and produced by IVF presented hypoglobulinaemia. Correlations between umbilical diseases, failure of passive transfer of immunity and IVF could not be demonstrated.

Evaluation of the efficacy of systemic danofloxacin in the treatment of induced acuteEscherichia colibovine mastitis

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Poutrel ◽  
Michael R Stegemann ◽  
Olivier Roy ◽  
Francis Pothier ◽  
Nicola Tilt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Intravenous Route ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
General Behaviour ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Clinical Scores

The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of a single dose of danofloxacin (6 mg/kg bodyweight) given by the intravenous route for the treatment of acute bovine mastitis induced by intra-cisternal infusion of anEscherichia colistrain (26 cfu into one rear quarter of each cow). Twenty-three Prim'Holstein lactating cows were inoculated. To be challenged, the mammary glands had to be productive, free of pathogenic bacteria, and with somatic cell counts (SCC) of <200 000 cells/ml. The cows were treated on an individual basis when predetermined criteria involving both systemic and local clinical signs were satisfied. Allocation to treatment, danofloxacin or negative saline control, was performed according to a randomized treatment allocation plan. Monitoring during a 21-d period after inoculation included individual clinical examination, bacteriological examination and determination of SCC.Esch. coliwas isolated from the milk of all inoculated quarters at the first milking post-inoculation and, together with reference to the clinical scores; the challenge was considered to be successful in 20 of the 23 cows. On study day 7 bacteriological cure rates with danofloxacin and saline control were 89% (8/9) and 44% (4/9) respectively. On days 14 and 21 all milk samples that could be collected were negative forEsch. coliin both groups of animals. Beneficial statistically significant differences were found at the end of the observation period (days 19–21 post treatment) between cows treated with danofloxacin and saline for SCC (P=0·0091) and earlier in the study for milk production (P=0·0003) and udder inflammation (P=0·004). Obvious beneficial trends were recorded in the danofloxacin group for rectal temperature, milk quality, general behaviour and appetite. Danofloxacin-treated cows showed statistically significant lower local clinical scores and a more rapid return to pre-inoculation values. It was concluded that systemically administered danofloxacin is effective in terms of bacteriological results, milk production and both systemic and local signs when used in the treatment of induced acuteEsch. colimastitis. Danofloxacin hastens recovery and return to productivity compared with potential self cure.

scholarly journals Environmentally Relevant Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Produce Limited Acute Pulmonary Effects in Rats at Realistic Exposure Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 556
Author(s):  
Chang Guo ◽  
Ralf J. M. Weber ◽  
Alison Buckley ◽  
Julie Mazzolini ◽  
Sarah Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Iron Oxide Particles ◽  
High Iron Content ◽  
Cell Counts

Iron is typically the dominant metal in the ultrafine fraction of airborne particulate matter. Various studies have investigated the toxicity of inhaled nano-sized iron oxide particles (FeOxNPs) but their results have been contradictory, with some indicating no or minor effects and others finding effects including oxidative stress and inflammation. Most studies, however, did not use materials reflecting the characteristics of FeOxNPs present in the environment. We, therefore, analysed the potential toxicity of FeOxNPs of different forms (Fe3O4, α-Fe2O3 and γ-Fe2O3) reflecting the characteristics of high iron content nano-sized particles sampled from the environment, both individually and in a mixture (FeOx-mix). A preliminary in vitro study indicated Fe3O4 and FeOx-mix were more cytotoxic than either form of Fe2O3 in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Follow-up in vitro (0.003, 0.03, 0.3 µg/mL, 24 h) and in vivo (Sprague–Dawley rats, nose-only exposure, 50 µg/m3 and 500 µg/m3, 3 h/d × 3 d) studies therefore focused on these materials. Experiments in vitro explored responses at the molecular level via multi-omics analyses at concentrations below those at which significant cytotoxicity was evident to avoid detection of responses secondary to toxicity. Inhalation experiments used aerosol concentrations chosen to produce similar levels of particle deposition on the airway surface as were delivered in vitro. These were markedly higher than environmental concentrations. No clinical signs of toxicity were seen nor effects on BALF cell counts or LDH levels. There were also no significant changes in transcriptomic or metabolomic responses in lung or BEAS-2B cells to suggest adverse effects.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Bovine Mastitis in the Western Region of Cameroon

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Müller FOTSAC DZOUSSE ◽  
◽  
Marc K. KOUAM ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Farm Type ◽  
Age Range

Mastitis is the major disease in milking cows causing huge losses to the dairy industry worldwide. It is in view to contribute to the eradication of this pathology that the present study was carried out in cattle farms of the West Region of Cameroon from March 2020 to November 2020. A total of 473 lactating cows of local and improved breeds were screened for mastitis. Screening for clinical and sub-clinical mastitis was based on the observation of clinical signs and on the use of the California Mastitis Test (CMT) respectively. The overall prevalence was 34.88%, among which 9.72% and 25.16% represented clinical and subclinical mastitis respectively. In summary, the factors influencing the occurrence of mastitis were: the divisions surveyed (p<0.001), breed type (p=0.003), age range (p<0,001), farm type (p=0.05), soil type (p<0,001), cleaning frequency (p<0.001), feeding method (p<0.001), hygiene of udder (p=0.05) and stage of lactation (p=0.02). The results obtained allow us to recommend an improvement of the breeding conditions to prevent mastitis, because once mastitis appears in a farm, it becomes very difficult to eradicate it.

scholarly journals Bovine Mastitis: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Major Pathogens and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test on the Isolates around Addis Ababa, Central Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Tesfaye B
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Major Pathogens

A total 351 lactation cows were investigated during th e study period. Out of total 351 lactation cows the overall prevalence of mastitis were 80(22.79%) (Table 1), where lower 5 (1.99%) and higher 73 (20.79%) were respectively by clinical and sub clinical type of mastitis. And the prevalence of mastitis was l ower 20.94% and higher 24.13% in Sululta and Bareh districts respectively. From examined lactating cows 7.40% was at least 1teat blind. From currently tested few isolates using selected antimicrobial agents, all susceptible for Chloramphenicol and Gentamyc in except one each isolates of S.aureus and micrococcus spp for both and C.pyogenes for Chloramphenicol and CNS for Gentamycin which shows intermediate. Similarly most of the isolates susceptible to Amoxycillin except some isolates of S. aureus, Str.uberis, CNS and C. pyogenes. However, high resistance was observed by most of isolates to Penicillin and tetracycline which are drugs currently in use for mastitis therapy in the study area. Prevalence of mastitis, particularly, the subclin ical one could bring about major economic losses in dairy cows without notice as result of reduced milk production, poor growth or mortality of suckling calves and dam health.

Intramammary infusion of a live culture ofLactococcus lactisfor treatment of bovine mastitis: comparison with antibiotic treatment in field trials

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Klostermann ◽  
Fiona Crispie ◽  
James Flynn ◽  
R Paul Ross ◽  
Colin Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Live Culture

A treatment containing a live food-grade organism,Lactococcus lactisDPC3147, was compared with conventional antibiotic therapy for its potential to treat bovine chronic subclinical or clinical mastitis in two separate field trials. Effects on disease symptoms and bacteriology were monitored in response to infusion with the culture in each trial. In the first trial, the live culture treatment was compared with an intramammary antibiotic (n=11 quarters for each treatment). Results from this small trial demonstrated that the live culture had potential to be as effective at eliminating chronic subclinical infections as an antibiotic treatment. By day 12, 7 of the 11 quarters treated with the live culture were pathogen-free compared with 5 of the 11 antibiotic-treated infected quarters. Somatic cell counts (SCC) remained relatively unchanged regardless of treatment: average log SCC pre- and post-treatment in the lactococci-treated group were 6·33±0·41 (day 0) and 6·27±0·43 cells/ml (day 12) and average log SCC pre- and post-treatment in the antibiotic-treated group were 6·34±0·37 and 6·22±0·46 cells/ml on day 0 and on day 12, respectively. In the second trial, the live culture was compared with an intramammary antibiotic for the treatment of naturally occurring clinical mastitis cases (n=25 quarters for each treatment). Following a 14-d experimental period, similar bacteriological responses were observed in 7 out of 25 live culture treated quarters and 9 out of 25 antibiotic-treated quarters. Additionally, 15 of 25 cases treated with the culture and 18 of 25 cases treated with the antibiotic did not exhibit clinical signs of the disease following treatment. The results of these trials suggest that live culture treatment withLc. lactisDPC3147 may be as efficacious as common antibiotic treatments in some instances.

S218 – Treatment Failures in Acute Otitis Externa

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P148-P148
Author(s):  
Peter S Roland ◽  
G. Michael Wall ◽  
Celeste McLean ◽  
David Stroman
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Initiation Of Therapy ◽  
Major Pathogens ◽  
Ear Drops

Objectives Understand treatment failure rates of cipro-floxacin/steroid- vs. Neomycin/Polymyxin B/Hydrocortisone (NPH)-containing ear drops against the two major pathogens in acute otitis externa (AOE), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical studies involving NPH versus either 0.3% ciprofloxacin/0.1% dexamethasone (CDX)(2 trials, 1998–1999) or 0.2% ciprofloxacin/1% hydrocortisone (CHC) (3 trials, 1994–1996) in the treatment of patients diagnosed with AOE. Patients were randomized to treatment with either CHC, CDX (both bid) or NPH (tid), 3–4 drops per ear for 7 days. Microbiology specimens were collected from infected ears prior to the initiation of therapy, and at exit visit if there were any clinical signs of infection. Results The therapy failure rate of P. aeruginosa for CDX and CHC was 6.7% (20/300) versus NPH at 12.8% (39/306), p = 0.017. The failure rate of S. aureus for CDX and CHC was 9.2% (6/65) vs. NPH at 8.3% (4/48), p = 0.87. In no instance of treatment failure was the pre-therapy pathogen resistant in vitro to the antibiotics used to treat the infection. All of the persisting P. aeruginosa and S. aureus isolates were susceptible to fluoroquinolones and neomycin/polymyxin B. Conclusions Based on data from 5 separate AOE clinical trials, ciprofloxacin-containing ear drops, CDX and CHC, provided significantly greater eradication (93.3%) of P. aeruginosa compared to NPH ear drops (87.2%). There was no significant difference in the rate of eradication of S. aureus between the two groups of ear drops.

scholarly journals Microbiological and molecular aspects of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in West-Central Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
T. B. Vieira ◽  
R. Almeida ◽  
I. B. Jesus ◽  
F. Freitas ◽  
R. T. Kemper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Enterotoxin Gene ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Bovine mastitis is a major disease affecting dairy cattle, and Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important agent involved in this condition due to its capacity to produce enterotoxins and develop resistance to antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to detect S. aureus strains in milk samples from cows with subclinical mastitis employing microbiological and molecular analysis.  Eleven farms were visited and from 187 lactating cows sampled, 33 S. aureus strains were isolated.  Only one of the 33 strains was positive for mecA resistance gene, 23 were positive for sea enterotoxin gene, and none was positive for seb or sec enterotoxin gene. S. aureus strains were submitted to in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test and 63.6% (21/33) were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, while 36.3% (12/33) were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents. Identification of mecA and the sea genes highlighted the need to elaborate strategies to reduce problems related to animal. Furthermore, the identification of bovine mastitis caused by S. aureus is very important to manage herd and to public health, since milk contaminated by this pathogen can lead to serious health problems.

Relationship between the level of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) in bovine milk and the presence of mastitis pathogens

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry J. Kitchen ◽  
W. Seng Kwee ◽  
Gordon Middleton ◽  
R. Jeffrey Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Major Pathogens ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens ◽  
Damage Marker

SummaryChanges in the level of the tissue damage marker enzyme, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) in quarter fore milks were found to be related to the presence and types of pathogenic bacteria present and to somatic cell counts (SCC). Minor pathogens (coagulase-negative staphylococci, Corynebacterium bovis) elicited a mild SCC increase (from a mean of 243 × 103/ml in healthy quarters to 504 × 103/ml in infected quarters) with marginal tissue damage (mean NAGase activity increased from 21 in healthy quarters to 28 in infected quarters). Major pathogens (i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Str. dysgalactiae and Str. uberis) caused more severe tissue damage (mean NAGase of 48) and SCC increases (mean, 2803 × 103/ml). The NAGase test could also be used effectively on composite milk samples where regular monthly NAGase analysis was able to identify correctly 74% of animals having infected quarters. The possibility of combining SCC and NAGase data in order to give a more definite diagnosis of bovine mastitis is discussed.

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