Sole disorders in conventionally managed and organic dairy herds using different housing systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
METTE VAARST ◽  
JENS HINDHEDE ◽  
CARSTEN ENEVOLDSEN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Strong Positive Association ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Acute Haemorrhage

Records of claw trimmings were analysed in seven organic and six conventional Danish herds (a total of 974 cows). The housing systems represented were tie stall systems, loose housing system with slatted floor (one organic herd), and deep litter systems (deep straw bedding). Occurrence of sole disorders was analysed separately for cows in first lactation and for cows in later lactations. Three different responses (acute haemorrhage, sole ulcer in one leg and sole ulcer in two or more legs) were analysed using three binomial logistic regression analyses for each group. Herd analysed as a fixed effect was a strong risk factor for all kinds of sole ulcer. Lactation stage was a risk factor for acute haemorrhage in both groups of cows, and for sole ulcer in first parity cows. In general, there was a strong positive association between the period 61–120 d post partum and the presence of sole disorders. Breed was associated with acute haemorrhage in cows in second and later parities, and sole ulcer in one leg only in first parity cows in an interaction with lactation stage in both conditions. Danish Friesian cows were strongly associated with sole disorder, although the combination of lactation stage from 61 to 120 d post partum in cows of other dual purpose breeds was positively associated with the presence of sole ulcer in one leg only in first parity cows. The time of year for claw trimming was a risk factor for acute haemorrhage in first parity cows, with the period from December to January most strongly associated with acute haemorrhage. Previous disease treatment was a risk factor for sole ulcer in two or more legs in second and later parities. Udder related disorders and disorders other than reproductive problems were positively associated with the occurrence of sole ulcer. Body weight at calving was associated with acute haemorrhage in cows in second and subsequent parities. Body weight lower than the mean herd level by >50 kg was negatively associated with acute haemorrhage.

A Retrospective Study of Dogs Infected with Ehrlichia canis from 2017-2019 in the Thonburi Area of Bangkok Province, Thailand

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis ◽  
Open Housing

Ehrlichia canis is a tick-borne rickettsia. It can cause canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME). Infected dogs are often reported to have changes in their blood values, such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, increased liver enzymes, and increased kidney function values. This study aimed to collect data that may be related to infected dogs, including age, gender, breed, weight, close-open housing system, the use of ectoparasiticides products. The sample comprised 57 infected dogs. Collecting hematology and serum biochemistry changes in comparison with the reference values of dogs detected with Ehrlichia canis from 2017-2019, Thonburi District, Bangkok, Thailand was also carried out. In summary, dogs infected with Ehrlichia canis mostly included mixed-breed dogs aged between 1 and 10 years. There were no differences in body weight or housing systems. Dogs that had never used ectoparasiticide products or used them intermittently were infected more often (by 7.14 times) than protected. Clinical hematology and serum biochemistry found anemia, thrombocytopenia, and increased liver enzymes.

scholarly journals Growth Performance of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) reared on deep litter and cages in the hot humid tropics of Southern Bénin Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Serge Alindekon ◽  
Okhiomah Ahmed Abu ◽  
Jacob Olaniyi Babayemi ◽  
Paul Agblo ◽  
Yvonne Mehouede Adjovi-boco
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Cage System ◽  
System P ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Factor Data ◽  
Block Factor

The performance of male and female quails reared separately in cages and on deep litter was investigated. One hundred and eighty 3-week old quails managed for five weeks. There were three replicates per treatment with stocking densities of 120cm2/bird in cage and 180cm2/bird on deep litter and sex as a block factor. Data on weekly body weight, weight change, daily feed and water intakes, feed: gain, carcass yield and costs of production were analysed. Daily water consumed by quails between the housing systems (62.76±11.21mL/d on deep litter vs. 66.96±12.18mL/d in cage system, p>0.05) were same. However, quails housed on deep litter consumed more feed from 43-56 days of age (25.34±1.77g/d vs. 22.99±1.55g/d). Quails reared on deep litter also grew faster during the first week of that period (3.33±1.70g/d vs. 0.69±0.87g/d). However, gain in body weight was noticed from day 22 to day 49 but a sudden decline thereafter for all quails regardless of sex and housing system. Carcass yield was not affected by housing system but values for thighs, empty gizzard and liver of quails kept on deep litter were higher (respectively 12.95±0.86% vs. 11.99±0.83%, 2.12±0.18% vs. 1.84±0.20%, 2.11±0.59% vs. 1.88±0.43%; p<0.05). Production costs were the same (p>0.05) whether on deep litter (3414.30±172.95CFA/kg) or in cages (3283.43±77.72CFA/kg). However, the production cost per kilogram of carcass of male quails was lower compared to females (3205.88±138.95CFA/kg vs. 3484.35±131.57CFA/kg, respectively) regardless of the housing system. Sex and age of quails affect performance and not the type of housing system. 

Longitudinal study of adverse behaviour of undocked pigs in two different housing systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 165-168
Author(s):  
H. A. Van de Weerd ◽  
C. M. Docking ◽  
J .E. L. Day ◽  
K. Breuer ◽  
S. A. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Tail Biting ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Biting Behaviour

AbstractThe development of adverse behaviour in group–housed growing/ finishing pigs with intact tails was studied in a straw–flow housing system and in a part–slatted system with a commercial enrichment object. Food intake, body weight and behaviour were monitored over the finishing period, with tail biting outbreaks defined as an occasion where three or more pigs within a group had freshly damaged tails and tail biting behaviour was ongoing. Data from the two systems were analysed to identify tail–biting outbreaks and behavioural changes over time. Levels of pig manipulation were higher in the part–slatted system. Over time, pigs in both systems showed reduced interest in the enrichment provided, but not in each other. Despite the presence of the enrichment device, tail biting occurred in all groups in the part–slatted system, but only 1/12 groups in the straw–flow system. The amount of time occupied by manipulation of the enrichment provided was very significantly higher for straw than for the commercial object. Better design of enrichment strategies is therefore needed and should be based on species–relevant requirements.

P3384Left atrial appendage pseudo-thrombus as an independent risk factor for ischaemic stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Nicol ◽  
T Semple ◽  
S Baleswaran ◽  
T O M Wong
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Atrial Appendage ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Strong Positive Association

Abstract Background Left atrial appendage (LAA) pseudo-thrombus is a well recognised phenomenon in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing cardiovascular CT (CCT). The clinical significance of LAA pseudothrombus on CCT, in those with non-valvular AF (NVAF) is unknown. Objectives To determine the association of LAA pseudo-thrombus in those with NVAF and ischaemic stroke. Methods 216 consecutive patients with NVAF, referred for CCT (with both standard and 60-second delayed acquisitions) were assessed for the LAA pseudo-thrombus, LA and LAA dimensions and morphology, cardiovascular risk factors, treatment, and ischaemic stroke risk Results Mean age (±SD) was 65.0±10.6 years (range 32–89) and 70.8% were male. LAA pseudo-thrombus was present in 59/216 (27%) patients. Ischaemic stroke is more frequent with increasing age (OR 1.10 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.06, 1.16), p<0.0001), vascular disease (3.21 (1.18, 8.75) p=0.023), pseudo-thrombus on CCT (4.18 (1.97, 8.88) p<0.0001), cauliflour LAA morphology (4.93 (1.06, 22.09) p=0.042), and increased LAA ostial area: LAA tortuosity (4.64 (1.57, 13.71) p=0.006). Age (1.09 (1.03, 1.15) p<0.0001), vascular disease (4.07 (1.19, 13.98) p=0.026), cauliflour LAA morphology (15.01 (2,93, 76.81) p=0.001) and pseudothrombus on CCT (3.62 (1.38, 9.50), p=0.009) were independently associated with ischaemic stroke. Pseudothrombus remained an independent risk factor even after CHA2DS2-VASc was included (3.21 (1.22, 8.41), p=0.018). Conclusion Pseudothrombus on CCT is a common finding in patients with NVAF and has a strong positive association with ischaemic stroke. Inclusion of pseudothrombus on CCT in risk assessment is additive to CHA2DS2-VASc in prediction of ischaemic stroke risk in patients with NVAF.

scholarly journals Influence of Housing Systems on Physical, Emotional, and Cognitive Functions with Aging in DBA/2CrSlc Mice

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chikako Shimizu ◽  
Yoshihisa Wakita ◽  
Youichi Tsuchiya ◽  
Toshitaka Nabeshima
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Housing Environment

Environmental conditions, including enrichment and stress, affect animal behaviors, but limited information is available regarding the differences in animal functions between the chamber (ventilated system) vs. IVC (individually ventilated cages) housing systems. Therefore, the effects of different housing systems were examined on physical, emotional, and cognitive functions and the intestinal flora with aging. DBA/2CrSlc mice were divided into chamber and IVC groups. Differences in the structure of the two cages considered whether the mouse could dangle or not. Physical, emotional, and cognitive functions were examined using the open field, black and white box, object recognition, horizontal bar, wire hanging, balancing, footprint, and locomotor tests. The IVC group demonstrated significantly less food intake, higher body weight (by approximately 5 g), lower rectal core temperature, less muscle and balancing powers with aging, and fewer anxiety-like behaviors than the chamber group. No differences were observed in the cognitive function and intestinal microbiota between the groups. The housing environment affected the rodent basal temperature and body weight as well as the physical and emotional functions. Scientists should be attentive to the type of cages used in the housing system for an experiment, especially when comparing the results with animals reared in different systems.

scholarly journals Evaluierung von Kleingruppenhaltungssystemen und ausgestalteten Käfigen hinsichtlich Brustbeindeformationen, Gefiederstatus, Krallenlänge und Körpermasse bei den Legelinien Lohmann Selected Leghorn und Lohmann Brown

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Weitzenbürger ◽  
A. Vits ◽  
H. Hamann ◽  
O. Distl
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Group Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Group Housing ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Metal Plates ◽  
Bone Condition ◽  
Bone Deformities

Abstract. Title of the paper: Evaluation of small group housing systems and furnished cages concerning keel bone deformities, plumage condition, claw length und body weight in layer strains Lohmann Selected Leghorn and Lohmann Brown Small group housing systems (Eurovent 625+a-EU) and furnished cages (Aviplus und Eurovent 625A-EU) were evaluated for the occurrence of keel bone deformities, plumage condition, claw length and body weight. The examinations were performed in two layer strains, Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL) and Lohmann Brown (LB), over two laying periods. In addition, the effects of layer strain, month of laying period, rearing method, group- size and body weight on these traits were tested. The assessments based on a scoring system comprising the scores 1 (very severely defective part of the body) to 4 (intact part of the body) were performed every three months during the laying period. Examinations of keel bone condition and measurements of body weight were performed in a total of 864 hens, claw length and plumage condition were examined in a total of 720 hens. Housing system showed a significant effect on the incidence of keel bone deformities and claw length. Plumage condition was significantly affected by group size, whereas plumage condition was worst in groups of 20 hens in Aviplus and in groups of 10 hens in Eurovent 625A-EU. Concerning claw length there were significant differences between diverse claw abrasives. The strongest abrasion was found in groups with two abrasive blocks, whereas perforated metal plates led to the least abrasion. Month of laying period showed a significant effect on each examined trait with a decrease in keel bone and plumage condition and an increase in claw length and body weight during the laying period.

scholarly journals Genetics of tibia bone properties of crossbred commercial laying hens in different housing systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Johnsson ◽  
Helena Wall ◽  
Fernando A Lopes Pinto ◽  
Robert H Fleming ◽  
Heather A McCormack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Bone Properties ◽  
Genome Wide

Osteoporosis and bone fractures are a severe problem for the welfare of laying hens, with genetics and environment, such as housing system, each making substantial contributions to bone strength. In this work, we performed genetic analyses of bone strength, bone mineral density and bone composition, as well as body weight, in 860 commercial crossbred laying hens from two different companies, kept in either furnished cages or floor pens. We compared bone traits between housing systems and crossbreds, and performed a genome-wide association study of bone properties and body weight. As expected, the two housing systems produced a large difference in bone strength, with layers housed in floor pens having stronger bones. These differences were accompanied by differences in bone geometry, mineralisation and chemical composition. Genome-scans either combining or independently analysing the two housing systems revealed no genome-wide significant loci for bone breaking strength. We detected three loci for body weight that were shared between the housing systems on chromosomes 4, 6 and 27 (either genome-wide significant or suggestive when the housing systems were analysed individually) and these coincide with associations for bone length. In summary, we found substantial differences in bone strength, content and composition between hens kept in floor pens and furnished cages that could be attributed to greater physical activity in pen housing. We found little evidence for large-effect loci for bone strength in commercial crossbred hens, consistent with a highly polygenic architecture for bone strength in the production environment. The lack of consistent genetic associations between housing systems in combination with the differences in bone phenotypes support gene-by-environment interactions with housing system.

scholarly journals Height in Adolescence as a Risk Factor for Glioma Subtypes: a Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study of 2.2 Million Subjects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roi Tschernichovsky ◽  
Lior H Katz ◽  
Estela Derazne ◽  
Matan Ben-Zion Berliner ◽  
Maya Simchoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
High Grade Glioma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Glioma Risk ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background Gliomas manifest in a variety of histological phenotypes with varying aggressiveness. The etiology of glioma remains largely unknown. Taller stature in adulthood has been linked with glioma risk. The aim of this study was to discern whether this association can be detected in adolescence. Methods The cohort included 2,223,168 adolescents between the ages of 16-19. Anthropometric measurements were collected at baseline. Incident cases of glioma were extracted from the Israel National Cancer Registry over a follow-up period spanning 47,635,745 person-years. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratio for glioma and glioma subtypes according to height, body mass index (BMI) and sex. Results 1,195 patients were diagnosed with glioma during the study period. Mean(SD) age at diagnosis was 38.1 (11.7) years. Taller adolescent height (per 10cm increase) was positively associated with the risk for glioma of any type (HR 1.15; p=0.002). The association was retained in subgroup analyses for low-grade glioma (HR 1.17; p=0.031), high-grade glioma (HR 1.15; p=0.025), oligodendroglioma (HR 1.31; p=0.015), astrocytoma (HR 1.12; p=0.049), and a category of presumed IDH-mutated glioma (HR 1.17; p=0.013). There was a trend towards a positive association between height and glioblastoma, however this had borderline statistical significance (HR: 1.15; p=0.07). After stratification of the cohort by sex, height remained a risk factor for men, but not for women. Conclusions The previously - established association between taller stature in adulthood and glioma risk can be traced back to adolescence. The magnitude of association differs by glioma subtype.

scholarly journals Excess body weight is an independent risk factor for severe forms of COVID-19

Metabolism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 154703
Author(s):  
Léa Pietri ◽  
Roch Giorgi ◽  
Audrey Bégu ◽  
Manon Lojou ◽  
Marie Koubi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Excess Body Weight

scholarly journals Sex-specific associations of ceramides with cardiopulmonary fitness in the general population

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Zatloukal ◽  
MRP Markus ◽  
R Ewert ◽  
S Glaeser ◽  
N Friedrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Fitness ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): German Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) Introduction According to the WHO 17.9 million people die because of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) each year, being the 3rd leading cause of death worldwide. Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important risk factor for CVD. Recent research showed that long-chain unsaturated ceramides are associated with higher risk of cardiovascular events, thus identifying ceramides as a potential novel and independent risk factor. However, not all ceramides are equal. We previously showed beneficial effects of very-long-chain ceramides (i.e. C24:0 and C24:0/C16:0 ratio) with higher concentrations being inversely associated with all-cause mortality and CVD events. Purpose We would like to investigate, if ceramides mediated their effects on developing CVD by affecting CRF. Therefore, we explored the association of three specific ceramides (C16:0, C22:0 and C24:0) and their ratios with different parameters of CRF. Methods We used data of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-1) from North Germany (N: 1,247/men: 583, median age: 50.8 years/women: 664, median age: 50.2 years). Ceramides and CRF were assessed by LC/MS assay and symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing, respectively. VO2peak, VO2@AT, Wmax and respective indexing per kg body weight were used as outcomes. We used sex-stratified, multiple adjusted linear regression models. Participants with asthma, chronic lung disease, LVEF &lt; 40% and cancer were excluded. Results In men, a 1-unit higher C24:0/C16:0 ratio was associated with higher VO2peak/kg (0.199 ml/min/kg [95% CI: 0.032, 0.365], P = 0.019), Wmax (1.368 W [0.033, 2.404], P = 0.010) and Wmax/kg (0.018 W/kg [0.007, 0.029], P = 0.002). In addition, a 1 µg/ml higher C24:0 concentration was related to greater Wmax/kg (0.054 W/kg [0.009, 0.099], P = 0.018). In women, a 1-unit greater C24:0/C16:0 ratio was associated with greater VO2peak (8.603 ml/min [0.019, 17.013], P = 0.045), VO2peak/kg (0.186 ml/min/kg [0.054, 0.319], P = 0.006), VO2@AT/kg (0.136 ml/min/kg [0.040, 0.231], P = 0.005) as well as higher Wmax/kg (0.015 W/kg [0.004, 0.026], P = 0.007). Furthermore, a 1 µg/ml higher C16:0 concentration was related to lower Wmax (-55.447 W [-101.775, -9.119], P = 0.019) and Wmax/kg (-0.736 W/kg [-1.341, -0.130], P = 0.017). Conclusions We report sex-specific associations between ceramides and CRF. In women, C24:0/C16:0 ratio was associated with more CRF parameters than in men. Furthermore, the single species C16:0 was significantly associated with lower maximal power in women only, whereas in men the single species C24:0 was significantly associated with higher maximal power. The positive association of the C24:0/C16:0 ratio with maximal CRF capacity is in agreement with previous findings of beneficial effects on the risk for CVD events and mortality. Future studies should explore the reason for different sex-specific ceramide profiles and whether ceramides are causally mediating their effects on CVD through CRF.

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