Population and Economic Change: The Emergence of the Rice Industry in Guyana, 1895–1915

1970 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay R. Mandle
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Relationship

Considered analytically population growth may either have positive or negative influences on economic growth. Population expansion may, by facilitating a widening of markets, allow for economies of scale to be realized and permit the introduction of new industries, or by relieving labor scarcities, facilitate economic expansion. Possible negative implications for economic growth may result however, as Malthus argued, through the mechanism of diminishing returns or by changing the age structure of the population so as to increase the proportion of dependents relative to economically active producers and thus reduce the volume of goods and services available to each individual. The point is that economic analysis prima facia is agnostic with respect to the net effect of population change on economic change. One or all of the above relationships may be operative in any individual country experience and without careful empirical observations, it is impossible to identify accurately whether the negative or positive effects are dominant. Clearly what is needed before general statements about the relationship between population and economic change can be supported is a series of country studies whose purpose will be not only to determine the frequency with which the optimistic or pessimistic influences predominate, but in addition to identify the intervening economic and social institutions which account for the predominance of one or the other effect.

ANALISIS HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERTUMBUHAN PENDUDUK DAN EKONOMI KASUS EKONOMI DI ASEAN-5, 1980-2013.

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Taresh Abdullah A.
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Quantity Of Children

This study empirically examines the causal relationship between population growth and economic growth, aswell as to analyze the influence of capital, labor, population growth and human resources on economic growth,using the annual data of ASEAN-5 (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand), over theperiod of 1980-2013. The method used in this study is the Granger Causality and Vector Error CorrectionModel (VECM). VECM is used because the data is stationary at first difference and there is cointegrationbetween variables.From the results estimation which is conducted, it is concluded that, overall, the relationship betweenpopulation growth and economic growth in ASEAN-5 is strong and negative flow from economic growth topopulation growth. This study supports the opinion of theoretical and empirical claims; as income increases,households value quality over quantity of children. Concurrently, population can be a stimulus for economicgrowth through the realization of favorable economies of scale induced by low labor costs, enhancingaggregate demand for goods and services and promoting human capital, and improved efficiency.

ICT Penetration and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis of Major Trading Nations

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 312-333
Author(s):  
Areej Aftab Siddiqui ◽  
Parul Singh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Penetration Index ◽  
Endogenous Growth Model ◽  
The Relationship

This study develops an information and communication technology (ICT) penetration index and examines the link between ICT penetration and economic growth, trade openness and foreign direct investment in major trading nations from 2001 to 2018. The nations have been selected based on total trade volume. The ICT penetration index constructed for the major trading nations is based on trade of ICT goods and services, Internet use, mobile and broadband subscriptions using principal component analysis. Based on the new endogenous growth model, co-integration and panel regression are applied to determine the relationship between ICT penetration, trade openness and economic growth. A few other control variables such as financial development and foreign direct investment are also considered to assess the relationship between growth, trade openness and ICT penetration along with cross-country effects. It is seen that there exists a relationship between ICT penetration, economic growth, trade openness and foreign direct investment for the selected countries, with emerging and high-income countries showing a significant relationship between ICT penetration and growth, while countries are focusing on enhancing the role of ICT in trade.

scholarly journals Empirical Analysis in the Relationship Between the Consumption and Economic Growth Based on the Structural Equation Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-427
Author(s):  
Erxin Zhang ◽  
Wancai Yang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Structural Equation Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Structure Equation Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimation Method

AbstractThis paper constructs the relationship between consumption and economic growth by a structure equation model and uses the provincial panel data of 29 provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) from 1992 to 2010 in China, using maximum likelihood estimation method to analyze empirically the relationship between the consumption and economic growth in China. The result shows that the path coefficients between consumptions and economic growth are all positive, that suggests the consumption has significant positive effects on the economic growth. Also in this paper, it gives a new try to use a structural equation model to research the relationship between consumption and economic growth.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Relationship Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in GCC Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed AlKhars ◽  
Fazlul Miah ◽  
Hassan Qudrat-Ullah ◽  
Aymen Kayal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Gcc Countries ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

This survey study analyzed the existing literature on the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and Kuwait). This study identified 59 articles published in 18 journals covering the period 2006–2019. The articles were grouped into two categories: the first category included studies analyzing the energy–growth relationship at the individual country level while the second category included studies analyzing the relationship at a multi-country level. The result of this study revealed that 18% of the observations supported the growth hypothesis, 26% supported the conservation hypothesis, 43% supported the feedback hypothesis and 13% supported the neutral hypothesis. As our analysis found a dominant support for the growth and feedback hypotheses, this implies that the focus of energy policies in GCC countries has been on the supply and the uninterrupted availability for the expansion and growth of their industrial and developmental activities. However, for a sustainable development and growth of the GCC economies and meeting the environmental challenges, there is an urgent need for the expansion of renewable energy technologies in the energy supply mix of GCC countries.

scholarly journals Exports, Growth and Causality: An Application of Co-integration and Error-correction Modelling

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (4III) ◽  
pp. 1001-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashfaque H. Khan ◽  
Afia Malik ◽  
Lubna Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Export Promotion ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Export Growth ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between export expansion and economic growth has been examined extensively during the last two decades in the context of the suitability of the alternative development strategies. The decade of the 1970s witnessed an emerging consensus in favour of export promotion as development strategy. Such a consensus was based on the following facts. First, higher export earnings working through alleviating foreign exchange constraints may enhance the ability of a developing country to import more industrial raw materials and capital goods, which, in turn, may expand its productive capacity. Secondly, the competition in export markets abroad may lead to the exploitation of economies of scale, greater capacity utilisation, efficient resource allocation, and an acceleration of technical progress in production. Thirdly, given the theoretical arguments mentioned above, the observed strong correlation between exports and economic growth was interpreted as empirical evidence in favour of export promotion as a development strategy. The empirical evidence in favour of export promotion rests on the general approach where real growth is regressed on contemporaneous real export, growth and the significance of the export growth coefficient supports the proposition that export growth causes output growth. Balassa (1978); Feder (1982); Fosu (1990); Kavoussi (1984); Tyler (1981) and Ram (1985) have followed such an approach.1 Khan and Saqib (1993), on the other hand, examined the relationship between exports and economic growth by constructing a simultaneous equation model comprising equations for exports and economic growth. They found a strong association between export performance and GDP growth for Pakistan, and that more than 90 percent of the contribution of exports on economic growth was indirect in nature.

Diversification and labor productivity on US permaculture farms

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 326-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafter Sass Ferguson ◽  
Sarah Taylor Lovell
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Multiple Production ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Industrial Farming ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship between diversification and labor productivity is a pressing issue for diversified farming systems (DFS), which must compete with the high labor productivity of specialized and mechanized industrial farming systems. Synergies between multiple production systems represent an alternative pathway for enhancing labor productivity, contrasting with the economies of scale achieved by industrial farming. Facing a lack of technical and institutional support for managing diversified systems, DFS turn to grassroots agroecological networks for support. Permaculture is a grassroots network with an emphasis on diversified production that—despite its international scope and high public profile—has received little scholarly attention. In this exploratory study we assessed the relationship between diversification, labor productivity and involvement with permaculture, using data from 196 enterprises (i.e., distinct sources of income or aspects of a farm business) on 36 permaculture farms in the USA. We characterized diversification in two ways: by income at the level of the whole farm, and by labor for production enterprises only. By fitting a multilevel model of labor productivity (enterprises nested within farms) we assessed the evidence for synergies in production, i.e., positive relationships between diversification and returns to labor. Results indicated that both production diversity and level of involvement in the permaculture network had significant positive effects on labor productivity. This effect disappeared, however, when both diversity and participation were at their highest levels. Results also indicate that high levels of diversification shift tree crops from the lowest labor productivity of any type of production enterprise to the highest. Through this first ever (to our knowledge) systematic investigation of permaculture farms, our results provide support for the presence of production synergies in DFS, and for the role of permaculture in helping farmers achieve these synergies.

scholarly journals Population Change and Economic Development in Albania

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Alma Meta ◽  
Abdulmenaf Sejdini
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Long Run ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Auto Regression

This paper studies, to what extent have population changes and economic growth have affected each other in Albania. In the last three decades, Albanian economy has been very dependent on population movements. There has been an ongoing debate on the dynamics of economic development and population growth. One theory suggests that fast population growth causes strain on resources that deteriorate the state of the economy. Another theory sees the population growth as an advantage in the long run, rather than a threat. And a third theory suggests that population growth and economic growth do not affect each other.Vector Auto Regression method is used in this paper for data obtained from 1981 to 2013 to estimate the importance of the relationship between the two variables. The data is retrieved from publications of institutions like World Bank and INSTAT. The empirical results state that the relationship between the population and economic growth is existent but weak in Albania.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG THE INFLOW OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS, EXPORTS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE EU COUNTRIES // POVEZANOST PRILJEVA INOZEMNIH IZRAVNIH ULAGANJA, IZVOZA I EKONOMSKOG RASTA U ZEMLJAMA EUROPSKE UNIJE

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlatka Bilas ◽  
Vedran Šupuković
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Recipient Country ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Oriented Growth ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

The ever-increasing processes of globalization and regionalization are reflected in the greater volume of international trade and investments. As a result of the aforementioned, the shares of export and import of goods in the national product are increased considerably, while international investment and loans grow faster than the world’s trade. Stronger market liberalization on both regional and global levels, has contributed to the integration of the world market. The previously mentioned processes of globalization, regionalization, and liberalization of economic relationships are, in addition, reflected in the ever-increasing capital mobility. Most countries have recognized the importance of investments and export as means of achieving economic prosperity and have included subsidy programs into their national strategies. Investigation of the relationship between export and economic growth has an important place in the literature. A hypothesis on export-oriented growth, which assumes that export-driven policies contribute to economic growth, is now widely accepted. On the other hand, Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) have been recognized as one of the most stable forms of foreign capital inflow. Their role is even greater if we consider possible positive effects on the increase of competitiveness and economic growth of the recipient country. FDI inflows can have a positive impact on the development and accumulation of human capital, employment growth, and can be a source of technology overflow. However, it should be emphasized that the impact of foreign direct investments on economic growth and development depends on the country’s own level of development, economic and social conditions, the degree of technological development, country’s openness to trade and the level of complementarity or substitutability of FDI, as well as the domestic investments. The objective of this paper is to examine the correlation between export, the inflow of foreign direct investment and economic growth, measured by gross domestic product per capita, on a sample of the EU member countries (EU28). The member countries will be divided into two groups (EU15 and EU13) due to their heterogeneity, which hinders the establishment of uniform conclusions for all the member countries of integration. The conclusions of the research on the relationship between the observed variables can be useful in the process of making effective development policies and strategies.

scholarly journals Openness and Economic Growth in Pakistan

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (4II) ◽  
pp. 795-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musleh-ud Din ◽  
Ejaz Ghani ◽  
Omer Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
International Diffusion ◽  
World Markets ◽  
Liberal Trade ◽  
Productivity Gains ◽  
The Relationship

Trade and growth theories generally predict a positive relationship between openness to international trade and economic growth. There are a number of channels through which openness is thought to influence economic growth. First, a liberal trade regime enhances efficiency through greater competition and improved resource allocation. Second, greater access to world markets allows economies to overcome size limitations and benefit from economies of scale. Third, imports of capital and intermediate goods can contribute to the growth process by enlarging the productive capacity of the economy. Fourth, trade can lead to productivity gains through international diffusion and adoption of new technologies. Empirical studies on the relationship between openness and economic growth have largely supported the view that openness has a favourable impact on economic growth. It is not surprising, then, that the proposition that more open economies tend to grow faster has gained wide acceptance in academic as well as policy circles. The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between openness and economic growth in the context of Pakistan’s economy. Section 2 reviews the literature on openness and economic growth. Section 3 provides an overview of trade liberalisation in Pakistan. Data and methodology are described in Section 4, while Section 5 presents the empirical results. Section 6 concludes the discussion.

Economic Inequality and Luxury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
System P ◽  
Market Economic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Economic inequality is often associated with luxury. This is because an individual’s ability to acquire luxury goods and services depends on their access to economic resources. However, it is necessary to recognise that luxury can take marketised and sociocultural forms. Access to sociocultural forms of luxury is not dependent on the individual consumer’s economic resources. This chapter adopts a critical luxury studies approach to explore the relationship between luxury, manifest primarily in the form of luxury goods and services, and economic inequality. However, by recognising sociocultural and marketised forms of luxury, an understanding of the complexity of the relationship between luxury and economic inequality is achieved. Furthermore, it is argued that economic growth, while increasing the scale of inequality, has also lifted many people out of poverty and into the ranks of luxury-brand consumers. Importantly, it is suggested that focussing on luxury as a signifier of economic inequality is a distraction that conceals a lack of political will to address the causes of poverty and deprivation that are embedded in the neoliberal market economic system.

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