scholarly journals A Review of the Cancer Statistics in England and Wales and in Scotland between 1891 and 1927

1931 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Medical Association ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Tubercular Disease ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Registrar General ◽  
Cancer Statistics ◽  
Old Order ◽  
Very High

That the number of deaths ascribed to cancer has steadily increased within recent years no one will deny, but as to the causes which have produced the increase there is not the same unanimity of opinion. Thirty years ago cancer did not rank very high in the list of fatal diseases. In 1899 the total number of deaths from cancer amongst persons in England and Wales was 26,325 as against 60,659 allocated to tubercular disease. Nowadays, “the old order changeth yielding place to new.” According to the most recent statistics issued by the Registrar-General, in 1929, the number of deaths assigned to cancer was 56,896 and to all forms of tuberculosis 37,990. In view of this large increase in the number of deaths allocated to cancer it seemed of interest to review the cancer statistics of the last thirty years in this country and in Scotland. No investigation of this nature would be complete without first drawing attention to the very important work already done by Dr Stevenson in the Annual Reports of the Registrar-General, particularly the report for 1917 in which he examined the incidence of cancer in particular sites. The statistics of cancer in Scotland have not, until recently, received quite the same amount of attention as those of England. In a paper read to the Medical Association in Edinburgh and afterwards published in the Journal of that society, Dr Dunlop, the Registrar-General, gave a detailed account of the mortality, according to sites, between the years 1911 and 1928. He compared the actual numbers of deaths in 1920–2 and in 1928 with the numbers that might be expected to occur on the basis of the cancer mortality in age groups which prevailed in 1910–12. His method of analysis conforms partly to that of indirect standardisation.

A cuckoo in the nest? The origins of civil registration and state medical statistics in England and Wales

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Higgs
Keyword(s):  
Annual Reports ◽  
Medical Statistics ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Registrar General ◽  
Civil Registration ◽  
Xixe Siecle ◽  
Xixe Siècle

On constate une certaine tendance à écrire en termes de religion et de médecine l'histoire de l'instauration de l'état civil ainsi que celle duGeneral Register Officeen Angleterre et Galles en application duRegistration Actde 1836. Nous soutenons dans cet article qu'il est plus fécond d'analyser ces mesures essentiellement en termes d'enregistrement de droits de propriéte; d'autre part les grands débats du XIXe siècle commençant, relatifs à l'assistance aux pauvres, jouèrent aussi un rôle essentiel. On comprend mieux ainsi quelques traits essentiels des données demographiques et médicales publiées dans lesAnnual Reports of the Registrar General.

scholarly journals The Pelvic Incidence Stratified Sagittal Spinopelvic Alignment in Asymptomatic Chinese Population With Different Age Groups

2021 ◽  
pp. 219256822198964
Author(s):  
Siyu Zhou ◽  
Zhuoran Sun ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Da Zou ◽  
Weishi Li
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Population ◽  
Pelvic Incidence ◽  
Sagittal Alignment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Sagittal Vertical Axis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sagittal Parameters ◽  
Very High

Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Objective: To provide the age- and pelvic incidence-related variations of sagittal alignment in asymptomatic Chinese population. Methods: This study recruited asymptomatic adult subjects. All subjects undertook the standing whole spinal radiograph and the sagittal parameters were measured: sagittal vertical axis (SVA), T1 pelvic angle (TPA), lumbar lordosis (LL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), pelvic incidence (PI) and pelvic tilt (PT). All subjects were divided into young, middle aged and elderly groups, then each age group was further divided into 5 subgroups (very low, low, average, high and very high) based on PI values. The relations between PI, age and other parameters were evaluated. The differences in sagittal parameters of each PI subgroup were compared. Results: 546 subjects were included with an average age of 38.6 years (18 to 81). The number of subjects over 70 years and with very low PI was relatively small. The average of PI, TPA, PT and LL were 45.9° ± 8.4°, 6.4° ± 6.2°, 11.9° ± 6.6° and 49.2° ± 10.1°, respectively. SVA, TPA, TK and PT increased with age ( P < 0.05), while SVA, TPA, PT, PI-LL also increased with PI ( P < 0.05). LL, PT, TPA, PI-LL and LL-TK were different among the 5 PI subgroups ( P < 0.05). However, the values of LL in elderly subjects with high and very high PI were similar. Conclusion: The age- and PI-related variations in sagittal alignment of Chinese population were provided. The sagittal parameters were significantly influenced by age and PI. The individual pelvic morphology should be carefully considered during the assessment and restoration of sagittal balance.

scholarly journals Emerging trends in the epidemiology of invasive mycoses in England and Wales (1990–9)

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. LAMAGNI ◽  
B. G. EVANS ◽  
M. SHIGEMATSU ◽  
E. M. JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Invasive Mycoses

Invasive fungal infections are becoming an increasing public health problem owing to the growth in numbers of susceptible individuals. Despite this, the profile of mycoses remains low and there is no surveillance system specific to fungal infections currently existing in England and Wales. We analysed laboratory reports of deep-seated mycoses made to the Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre between 1990 and 1999 from England and Wales. A substantial rise in candidosis was seen during this period (6·76–13·70 reports per million population/year), particularly in the older age groups. Rates of cryptococcosis in males fluctuated over the decade but fell overall (1·05–0·66 per million population/year), whereas rates of female cases gradually rose up until 1998 (0·04–0·41 per million population/year). Reports of Pneumocystis carinii in men reduced substantially between 1990 and 1999 (2·77–0·42 per million population/year) but showed little change in women. Reports of aspergillosis fluctuated up until 1996, after which reports of male and female cases rose substantially (from 0·08 for both in 1996 to 1·92 and 1·69 per million population/year in 1999 for males and females respectively), largely accounted for by changes in reporting practice from one laboratory. Rates of invasive mycoses were generally higher in males than females, with overall male-to-female rate ratios of 1·32 (95% CI 1·25–1·40) for candidosis, 1·30 (95% CI 1·05–1·60) for aspergillosis, 3·99 (95% CI 2·93–5·53) for cryptococcosis and 4·36 (95% CI 3·47–5·53) for Pneumocystis carinii. The higher male than female rates of reports is likely to be a partial reflection of HIV epidemiology in England and Wales, although this does not fully explain the ratio in infants and older age groups. Lack of information on underlying predisposition prevents further identification of risk groups affected. Whilst substantial under-reporting of Pneumocystis carinii and Cryptococcus species was apparent, considerable numbers of superficial mycoses were mis-reported indicating a need for clarification of reporting guidelines. Efforts to enhance comprehensive laboratory reporting should be undertaken to maximize the utility of this approach for surveillance of deep-seated fungal infections.

Differential fertility among immigrants to England and Wales and some implications for population projections

1969 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Differential Fertility ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Completed Family Size ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

SummaryThe age structure of the immigrant female population as shown by the 1961 Census was heavily biased towards the young adult age groups, where fertility rates are highest. The birth rate for such a population could be expected considerably to exceed the average for this country as a whole, due to differences in age structure alone. The Census also showed marked differences betwen the fertility rates of different groups of immigrants but suggested that for the most important groups —from the Irish Republic, the Indian sub-continent and the Caribbean—they then amounted to a completed family size of roughly ½ child above the England and Wales average. There were also marked differences in 1961 between the socio-economic structure of immigrant groups; such evidence as there is points to socio-economic factors as playing an important part in explaining the fertility of immigrants, and its possible change over time.

Comparative Hypnotic Efficacy of “Phenaglate”

1960 ◽  
Vol 106 (443) ◽  
pp. 675-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Eilenberg ◽  
I. Lodge Patch ◽  
E. H. Hare
Keyword(s):  
Effective Agent ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Approximate Estimate ◽  
Registrar General ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Barbiturate Poisoning ◽  
Gas Poisoning ◽  
Suicidal Attempts ◽  
Hypnotic Efficacy

The widespread use of barbiturates as hypnotics for insomnia has greatly increased the risk of accidental overdosage and the number of suicidal attempts. The size of the problem concerning barbiturates and suicidal attempts is difficult to estimate as only suicidal deaths are recorded by the Registrar General, and his statistics for 1956 (R.G., 1958) reveal that out of a total of 5,282 suicidal deaths, drugs (mainly barbiturates) were second only to domestic coal gas poisoning as the effective agent. Stengel (1958) calculated that six times the number of suicidal deaths gives an approximate estimate of the number of attempted suicides. Locket and Angus (1952) found that of the patients admitted to their Unit, barbiturates were the drug involved in 80 per cent. of the cases and that in 90 per cent. of the cases it had been prescribed for the treatment of insomnia. Locket (1958) also estimated that some 6,000 patients were admitted annually to hospitals in England and Wales for treatment of barbiturate poisoning.

scholarly journals Occupation Mortalities

1911 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1-86
Author(s):  
James Craufurd Dunlop
Keyword(s):  
England And Wales ◽  
Registrar General ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

Mr. President,—It is in response to your invitation that I venture to submit to this Faculty a paper on the Influence of Occupation on Mortality. I have no fresh statistical observations to lay before you, but the task I have set myself is to elaborate the observations set out in the Supplement to the Registrar-General of England and Wales' Sixty-fifth Report, part II., a report which was published early this year. That report may rightly be described as the most important contribution to our knowledge of the subject which has yet been published, and it is thanks to the excellent tabulation of facts in it that I am able to deal further with them.Before asking your attention to the subject proper of my paper, an examination of the results of the recent English study, I desire briefly to describe previous statistical observations on the subject, to indicate to you some of the difficulties and limitations in drawing satisfactory conclusions from these studies, and to explain the methods which have previously been used to overcome these difficulties, and methods which I now use for the first time.

Infection is associated with one in five childhood deaths in England and Wales: analysis of national death registrations data, 2013–15

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. 857-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ferreras-Antolín ◽  
Godwin Oligbu ◽  
Ifeanyichukwu O Okike ◽  
Shamez Ladhani
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Central Nervous System Infections ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Past ◽  
Registration Data ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Related Mortality

ObjectiveTo estimate the contribution of infections to childhood deaths in England and Wales over a 3-year period.DesignRetrospective analysis of national electronic death registration data.SettingEngland and Wales.PatientsChildren aged 28 days to 15 years who died during 2013–15.Main outcome measuresThe proportion of children who died of infection compared with total deaths over 3 years; the main pathogens responsible for infection-related deaths in different age groups; comparison with similar data from 2003 to 2005.ResultsThere were 5088 death registrations recorded in children aged 28 days to <15 years in England and Wales during the three calendar years, 2013–2015 (17.6 deaths/100 000 children annually) compared with 6897 (23.9/100 000) during 2003–05 (incidence rate ratios (IRR) 0.74, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.77). During 2013–15, there were 951 (18.7%, 951/5088) infection-related deaths compared with 1368 (19.8%, 1368/6897) during 2003–05, equivalent to an infection-related mortality rate of 3.3/100 000 compared with 4.8/100 000 during the two periods (IRR 0.69, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.75), respectively. An underlying comorbidity was recorded in 55.0% (523/951) of death registrations during 2013–15 and increased with age. Where recorded, respiratory tract infection was the most commonly reported presentation (374/876, 42.7%) during 2013–15. Central nervous system infections accounted for only 4.8% (42/876). Overall, 63.1% (378/599) of infection-related deaths were associated with a bacterial, 34.2% (205/599) with a viral and 2.5% (15/599) with a fungal infection.ConclusionsBeyond the neonatal period, all-cause and infection-related childhood mortality rates have declined by 26% and 31%, respectively, over the past decade. However, infection continues to contribute to one in five childhood deaths.

Variations in the Seasonal Distribution of Births of Psychotic Patients in England and Wales

1978 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Hare
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
General Population ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Fourth Quarter ◽  
Affective Psychosis ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Younger Age

SummaryThe quarterly distribution of births of patients born in England and Wales 1921–60 and first admitted in 1970–75 was examined by decade of birth and by age at year of admission. For patients with schizophrenia and affective psychosis, the distribution varied: in the early decade (1921–30), and for older patients (45–54 years) the proportion of births in the fourth quarter of the year was high, compared with expectation from live births in the general population; but it became lower in succeeding decades and for younger age groups. No comparable change occurred for births of patients with neurosis or personality disorder.

scholarly journals Age, time and cohort factors in mortality from cancer of the cervix

1973 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mortality Pattern ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Cancer Of The Cervix

SUMMARYData for mortality from cancer of the cervix in England and Wales by 5-year age groups and four quinquennia (1951–70) are analysed. The logarithms of the mortality rates are regressed on age group, epoch of death and epoch of birth. The factors obtained are considered in relation to particular features of the mortality pattern, such as the reversal of trend in certain age groups.

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