Responses of the lichen Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. to varying thallus nitrogen concentrations

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela GAIO-OLIVEIRA ◽  
Lena DAHLMAN ◽  
Kristin PALMQVIST ◽  
Cristina MÁGUAS
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Total N ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
N Assimilation ◽  
Xanthoria Parietina ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations

The responses of the nitrophytic green algal lichen Xanthoria parietina to varying nitrogen (N) concentrations were investigated by collecting 67 X. parietina thalli from clay roof tiles from 13 sites in Portugal with different exposures to N. Concentrations of total N, chlorophyll a (a marker for the photobiont), ergosterol (a marker for the mycobiont), and thallus specific weight (TSW; thallus dry weight in relation to surface area) were quantified for each thallus to see how biont investments were related to thallus N concentrations. Thallus N ranged from 11 to 43 mg g−1 DW revealing a wider N concentration range in this lichen compared to other green algal lichen species. Both chlorophyll a and ergosterol concentrations increased with increasing thallus N, with a steeper increase of the photobiont marker. TSW was similar in all thalli without any significant effect of thallus N concentration, suggesting that thallus developmental patterns are similar in low and high thallus N concentrations. The relatively higher resource allocation to the photobiont in relation to the mycobiont with increasing thallus N concentrations is an indication of the capacity of X. parietina to meet the C demands associated with N assimilation. This result is also in agreement with the inter-specific resource allocation pattern for green algal lichens across the same N concentration range.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation in nitrogen pools and <sup>15</sup>N/<sup>13</sup>C natural abundances in different tissues of grassland plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1583-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Wang ◽  
J. K. Schjoerring
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Exchange Potential ◽  
Total N ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Grassland Plants ◽  
N Assimilation ◽  
Different Tissues

Abstract. Seasonal changes in nitrogen (N) pools, carbon (C) content and natural abundance of 13C and 15N in different tissues of ryegrass plants were investigated in two intensively managed grassland fields in order to address their ammonia (NH3) exchange potential. Green leaves generally had the largest total N concentration followed by stems and inflorescences. Senescent leaves had the lowest N concentration, indicating N re-allocation. The seasonal pattern of the Γ value, i.e. the ratio between NH4+ and H+ concentrations, was similar for the various tissues of the ryegrass plants but the magnitude of Γ differed considerably among the different tissues. Green leaves and stems generally had substantially lower Γ values than senescent leaves and litter. Substantial peaks in Γ were observed during spring and summer in response to fertilization and grazing. These peaks were associated with high NH4+ rather than with low H+ concentrations. Peaks in Γ also appeared during the winter, coinciding with increasing δ15N values, indicating absorption of N derived from mineralization of soil organic matter. At the same time, δ13C values were declining, suggesting reduced photosynthesis and capacity for N assimilation. δ15N and δ13C values were more influenced by mean monthly temperature than by the accumulated monthly precipitation. In conclusion, ryegrass plants showed a clear seasonal pattern in N pools. Green leaves and stems of ryegrass plants generally seem to constitute a sink for NH3, while senescent leaves have a large potential for NH3 emission. However, management events such as fertilisation and grazing may create a high NH3 emission potential even in green plant parts. The obtained results provide input for future modelling of plant-atmosphere NH3 exchange.

scholarly journals Pengaruh konsentrasi Si biogenic dan N-total terhadap pertumbuhan dan konsentrasi nitrat tanaman selada hidroponik

Jurnal Agro ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-141
Author(s):  
Salamet Ginandjar ◽  
Budy Frasetya Taufik Qurrohman ◽  
Panji Rahmatullah
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Total N ◽  
Rice Husk Silica ◽  
Fresh Plant ◽  
N Concentration

Tanaman selada merupakan sayuran yang dikonsumsi dalam bentuk segar. Karakteristiknya sebagai tanaman akumulator nitrat perlu diimbangi pemupukan N dan aplikasi Silika (Si) sesuai kebutuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari interaksi ekstrak silika sekam padi (ESSP) dan N-total, serta memperoleh konsentrasi  ESSP dan N-total yang tepat untuk menghasilkan panen selada yang tinggi tetapi aman bagi kesehatan. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial, faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi ESSP (0 ppm, 30 ppm, 60 ppm, 90 ppm) dan faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi N-total (100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm), setiap kombinasi perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Parameter yang diamati yaitu tinggi tanaman 35 hari setelah tanam (HST), luas daun, berat kering tanaman, berat segar tanaman, kandungan nitrat pada daun selada. Data dianalisis dengan analisis varians taraf 5% dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan pada taraf nyata 5%, sedangkan parameter kandungan nitrat dianalisis secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis varians konsentrasi ESSP dan konsentrasi N-total berinteraksi pada tinggi tanaman dan berpengaruh mandiri terhadap berat kering tanaman dan berat segar tanaman. Aplikasi ekstrak silika sekam padi 30 ppm meningkatkan hasil panen 28% lebih tinggi dan menurunkan 12% kandungan nitrat tanaman selada pada N total 100-300 ppm.AbstractLettuce is a freshly consumed vegetable. Its characteristics as a nitrate accumulator plant need to be balanced with N fertilization and Silica (Si) applications according to the plant required. This research aimed to study the interaction between rice husk silica extract (ESSP) and total N to obtain the right ESSP and total N concentrations to produce high yield lettuce and safely consumed it. This study used a factorial completely randomized design. The first factor was ESSP concentrations (0 ppm, 30 ppm, 60 ppm, 90 ppm) and the second factor was total N concentrations (100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm). Each treatment combination was repeated 3 times. The parameters observed were plant height in 35 days after planting, leaf area, plant dry weight, fresh plant weight, and nitrat e content in lettuce leaves. The  data  were  analyzed  by analysis of variance at the 5%, and post-test by DMRT at the 5% significant level, the nitrate content used descriptive analysis. Based on the analysis of variance, ESSP concentration and total N concentration interacted on plant height. The ESSP concentration and total N concentration independently affected plant dry weight and fresh plant weight. Application of 30 ppm rice husk silica extract increased 28% higher yield and decreased 12% nitrate content of lettuce plants at N-total of 100-300 ppm.

scholarly journals Recycled Paper as a Growth Substrate for Container Spirea Production

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1253-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulette B. Craig ◽  
Janet C. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Leaching Fraction ◽  
Water Holding

Spiraea japonica L. f. `Froebelii' were grown in 3.8-L containers filled with substrates consisting of recycled paper (RP) and pine bark at rates of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% (by volume) RP. Fertilizer treatments included 100% of the recommended rate of N as controlled release (CRF) or liquid fertilizer (LF) or both. The same amounts of N (as NO3--N and NH4+-N), P and K were supplied with each fertilizer treatment. Plants were irrigated in Fall 1996 based on substrate water-holding capacity and to achieve a 25% to 50% leaching fraction. In Spring 1997 regardless of substrate water holding capacity, plants were irrigated weekly initially, then twice weekly later in the study when plants were larger. Fertilizer treatment did not affect plant size, but plant diameter and shoot and root dry weight decreased as substrate RP concentration increased in Fall 1996. All plant size parameters measured decreased as substrate RP concentration increased regardless of fertilizer treatment in Spring 1997. In Fall 1996, shoot and root N concentration increased as CRF decreased (and LF increased), but substrate RP concentration did not affect shoot or root N concentration. In Spring 1997, shoot and root N concentration generally decreased as substrate RP concentration increased with 50% CRF, 50% LF, or 100% LF. Leachate NO3--N, NH4+-N and total N generally increased as CRF decreased but decreased as substrate RP concentration increased in both years. Substrate volume and percentage of air space decreased, but bulk density increased, as RP concentration increased. Although N leaching decreased as substrate RP concentration increased in both years, reasonable plant growth occurred only in those substrates containing ≤50% RP.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation in nitrogen pools and <sup>15</sup>N/<sup>13</sup>C natural abundances in different tissues of grassland plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 12317-12351
Author(s):  
L. Wang ◽  
J. K. Schjoerring
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Exchange Potential ◽  
Total N ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Nh3 Emission ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Grassland Plants ◽  
N Assimilation ◽  
Different Tissues

Abstract. Seasonal changes in nitrogen (N) pools, carbon (C) content and natural abundance of 13C and 15N in different tissues of ryegrass plants were investigated in two intensively managed grassland fields in order to address their ammonia (NH3) exchange potential. Green leaves generally had the largest total N concentration followed by stems and inflorescences. Senescent leaves had the lowest N concentration, indicating N re-allocation. The seasonal pattern of the Γ value, i.e. the ratio between NH4+ and H+ concentrations, was similar for the various tissues of the ryegrass plants but the magnitude of Γ differed considerably among the different tissues. Green leaves and stems generally had substantially lower Γ values than senescent leaves and litter. Substantial peaks in Γ were observed during spring and summer in response to fertilization and grazing. These peaks were associated with high NH4+ rather than with low H+ concentrations. Peaks in Γ also appeared during the winter, coinciding with increasing δ15N values, indicating absorption of N derived from mineralization of soil organic matter. At the same time, δ13C values were declining, suggesting reduced photosynthesis and capacity for N assimilation. δ15N and δ13C values were more influenced by mean monthly temperature than by the accumulated monthly precipitation. In conclusion, ryegrass plants showed a clear seasonal pattern in N pools. Green leaves and stems of ryegrass plants generally seem to constitute a sink for NH3, while senescent leaves have a large potential for NH3 emission. However, management events such as fertilisation and grazing may create a high NH3 emission potential even in green plant parts. The obtained results provide input for future modelling of plant-atmosphere NH3 exchange.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertigation Rates Affect Stored Nitrogen, Growth, and Blooming in Iris germanica ‘Immortality’

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Zhao ◽  
Guihong Bi ◽  
Richard L. Harkess ◽  
Jac J. Varco ◽  
Tongyin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Inflorescence Stems ◽  
Iris Germanica ◽  
N Rates

Tall bearded (TB) iris (Iris germanica L.) has great potential as a specialty cut flower due to its fragrance and showy, multicolor display; however, limited research has been reported on optimal nitrogen (N) nutrient management for TB iris. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of N fertilizer rate on plant growth and flowering of ‘Immortality’ iris and determine the influence of both stored N and spring-applied N fertilizer on spring growth and flowering. On 14 Mar. 2012, rhizomes of ‘Immortality’ iris were potted in a commercial substrate with no starter fertilizer. Plants were fertigated with 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 mm N from NH4NO3 twice per week from 28 Mar. to 28 Sept. 2012. In 2013, half of the plants from each of the 2012 N rate were supplied with either 0 or 10 mm N from 15NH415NO3 twice per week from 25 Mar. to 7 May 2013. Growth and flowering data including plant height, leaf SPAD, number of fans and inflorescence stems, and length of inflorescence stem were collected during the growing season. Plants were harvested in Dec. 2012 and May 2013 to measure dry weight and N concentration in leaves, roots, and rhizomes. Results showed higher 2012 N rates increased plant height, leaf SPAD reading, and number of inflorescence stems at first and second blooming in 2012. Greater 2012 N rates also increased plant dry weight and N content in all structures, and N concentration in roots and rhizomes. Rhizomes (58.8% to 66.3% of total N) were the dominant sink for N in Dec. 2012. Higher 2012 N rates increased plant height, number of fans, and the number of inflorescence stems at spring bloom in 2013. In May 2013, N in leaf tissue constituted the majority (51% to 64.3%) of the total plant N. Higher 2012 N rates increased total dry weight, N concentration, and N content in all 2013 15N rates; however, leaf dry weight in all plants was improved by 2013 15N rate. Percentage of tissue N derived from 2013 15N (NDFF) decreased with increasing 2012 N rate. New spring leaves were the dominant sink (56.8% to 72.2%) for 2013 applied 15N. In summary, ‘Immortality’ iris is capable of a second blooming in a growing season, this second blooming dependent on N fertilization rate in current year. A relatively high N rate is recommended to produce a second bloom.

scholarly journals Cyclic Sprinkler Irrigation of Container Substrate Affects Water Distribution and Marigold Growth

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-211
Author(s):  
Nabila S. Karam ◽  
Alexander X. Niemiera ◽  
Carol E. Leda
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total N ◽  
Continuous Irrigation ◽  
Substrate Solution ◽  
Irrigation Method ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Water Contents

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine how cyclic sprinkler irrigation (daily water allotment applied in more than one application) influenced water distribution and leaching, and marigold growth in a pine bark (PB) or a PB:sand (S) substrate. Marigolds (Tagetes erecta L. ‘Apollo’), were grown in PB-filled 3.8 liter (1 gal) containers. Substrate was allowed to dry via evapotranspiration (ET) to targeted pre-irrigation substrate water contents (PSWC) and respective ET volumes were applied as a single application (continuous) or by multiple applications (cyclic irrigation) via a simulated sprinkler irrigation system; leachates were collected. In the first experiment, the influences of irrigation method, continuous and cyclic irrigation, on water distribution in the top, middle and bottom substrate (9: 1pine bark to sand, by vol) sections were investigated. Two hundred seventy five (275) ml were applied continuously or cyclically (three 92 ml allotments with 1 hr interval between applications) to containers at 84 % of container capacity (CC). In the second experiment, marigolds were grown in a growth chamber for three weeks and received 12 irrigations. In each irrigation, a complete nutrient solution was applied continuously or cyclically (three applications each of one-third of the total volume with 1 hr between applications). Substrate solution N concentration (via pour-through method), leachate N, and plant growth was measured. In the first experiment, gravimetric water contents of top and middle substrate sections were similar, whereas the water content of the bottom section was higher with cyclic than with continuous. In the second experiment, root dry weight was 43% higher, shoot fresh and dry weights were similar, and plant N concentration was 0.7% higher (absolute basis) with cyclic than with continuous irrigation. Irrigation method had no influence on substrate solution and leachate NO3-N and NH4-N concentrations. However, total N leached was 43% higher with continuous than with cyclic irrigation. These results demonstrate that cyclic irrigation increased root N concentration and root growth without a toxic accumulation of N in the substrate solution.

scholarly journals Seasonal Biomass and Nitrogen Accumulation of Rosa ‘Mariandel®’ Grown in Compost Amended Peat at Different Fertilization Rates

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
Yosef Amha ◽  
Heike Bohne
Keyword(s):  
Linear Trend ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Significant Linear Trend ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
N Concentration

Abstract The growth and nitrogen (N) uptake of Rosa ‘Mariandel®’ were evaluated at four fertilization rates: 0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 g N/liter (0, 0.016, 0.032 and 0.048 oz/qt). Plants were harvested at 6-week intervals. New shoots in all treatments retained the highest relative dry weight percentage, apparently at the expense of root. The total N concentration, content, and uptake at 12 and 18 weeks, but not at 6 weeks, after potting were significantly (r2 &gt; 0.59; P = 0.0005) affected by rates of fertilization. Although DM in the old shoots of all treatments slightly increased over the first 6 weeks, the corresponding N content decreased due to translocation. Except in old shoots, a significant linear trend occurred between DM accumulation and N content but not with N concentration (at least up to 12 weeks). However, N concentration in most plant parts was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) correlated with the respective N content. Excluding N released from the substrate, plants in 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 g N/liter treated pots received 80, 126 and 182 mg (0.003, 0.004 and 0.006 oz) N per week, respectively, as used Osmocote (15N–4P–7.5K–1.8Mg) showed a linear (r2 &gt; 0.99) N-releasing rate. The corresponding total mineralized N in each control pot was 96 mg (0.003 oz) and 140 mg (0.005 oz) over the first and the second 6-week interval. Overall, ‘Mariandel®’ grown in 0.8 and 1.2 g N/liter treated pots had the highest mean N concentration and content respectively.

scholarly journals Maximizing Nitrogen-use Efficiency in Relation to the Growth and Development of Poinsettia

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Rose ◽  
John W. White ◽  
Mark A. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Total N ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Constant Rate

`Celebrate 2' poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) received either a constant application rate of 200 mg N/liter or a variable rate that was linked to the N accumulation pattern of the crop. At final harvest, shoot N content, N concentration, dry weight, leaf area, and quality were similar for the treatments. However, N recovery efficiency of the variable treatment was greater (58% vs. 38%), and 41% less total N was applied compared to the constant-rate treatment. Growth analysis revealed that N accumulation rates for both treatments increased rapidly as side branches developed, reaching a maximum 50 to 60 days after potting, and decreased throughout bract development. The decrease in N accumulation rates after day 60 reflected a shift in N allocation from leaves to bracts, a tissue with a lower N concentration.

BOTANICAL COMPOSITION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF PERENNIAL GRASSES AGROPHYTOCENOSES WITH TETRAPLOID MEADOW CLOVER

1970 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
N. I. Kasatkina ◽  
Zh. S. Nelyubina
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
The Third

The biological properties of plants, their mutual relations under different growth conditions and at different periods of their life, must be known for obtaining highly productive agrophytocenoses with participation of a meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Botanical composition and fodder productivity of perennial grasses in agrocenoses with participation of meadow tetraploid clover Kudesnik were studied in 2014-2017. It was revealed that in the first and second years of use the agrophytocenosis, the yield of green mass was formed due to meadow tetraploid clover, the share of its participation in the first mowing was at level of 71-87% and 64-97% respectively. Specific weight of clover in multispecies agrocenoses considerably decreased by the third year of use: in the first mowing up to 32-68%, in the second - up to 8-52%. At the same time, the percentage of long-term herbaceous grasses increased: meadow timothy (Phleum pratense L.) - up to 34-54%, eastern galega (Galéga orientális Lam.) - up to 33%, changeable alfalfa (Medicago x varia Martyn) - up to 22-54%, lotus corniculatus (Lotus corniculatus L.) - up to 14-19%. The proportion of weed admixture in single-species clover planting was 12%, in agrocenoses - 2-14%. The grass mixtures clover + timothy and clover + alfalfa + timothy were less infested by weeds. High yield of dry weight of single-species sowing of meadow tetraploid clover was obtained in the first two years of use - 7.8 and 6.5 tons / ha, respectively. By the third year of use, the productivity of clover has decreased to 2.9 t / ha. On average, for three years of use, the highest yield (6.2-6.3 t / ha) was formed by agrocenoses meadow tetraploid clover + meadow timothy and meadow tetraploid clover + changeable alfalfa + meadow timothy.

scholarly journals Biochar and urease inhibitor mitigate NH3 and N2O emissions and improve wheat yield in a urea fertilized alkaline soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadim Dawar ◽  
Shah Fahad ◽  
M. M. R. Jahangir ◽  
Iqbal Munir ◽  
Syed Sartaj Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Assimilation

AbstractIn this study, we explored the role of biochar (BC) and/or urease inhibitor (UI) in mitigating ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) discharge from urea fertilized wheat cultivated fields in Pakistan (34.01°N, 71.71°E). The experiment included five treatments [control, urea (150 kg N ha−1), BC (10 Mg ha−1), urea + BC and urea + BC + UI (1 L ton−1)], which were all repeated four times and were carried out in a randomized complete block design. Urea supplementation along with BC and BC + UI reduced soil NH3 emissions by 27% and 69%, respectively, compared to sole urea application. Nitrous oxide emissions from urea fertilized plots were also reduced by 24% and 53% applying BC and BC + UI, respectively, compared to urea alone. Application of BC with urea improved the grain yield, shoot biomass, and total N uptake of wheat by 13%, 24%, and 12%, respectively, compared to urea alone. Moreover, UI further promoted biomass and grain yield, and N assimilation in wheat by 38%, 22% and 27%, respectively, over sole urea application. In conclusion, application of BC and/or UI can mitigate NH3 and N2O emissions from urea fertilized soil, improve N use efficiency (NUE) and overall crop productivity.

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