Habitat characters of Tigriopus californicus (Copepoda: Harpacticoida), with notes on the dispersal of supralittoral fauna

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Powlik
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Tidal Elevation ◽  
Tigriopus Californicus ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
Barkley Sound ◽  
Scytosiphon Lomentaria ◽  
Average Surface Area ◽  
Incidental Fauna

Supralittoral splashpools representing 312,000 m2 of shoreline in Barkley Sound, British Columbia, were surveyed seasonally for tidal elevation, size, water properties, macroflora and faunal constituents coincident with colonization by Tigriopus californicus (Arthropoda: Copepoda). Overall, 90.1% of pools containing T. californicus were found between 3.0 and 5.0 m above lowest normal tide, with an average surface area-to-volume ratio of 7.06. Copepod populations were found at water temperatures of 6–33°C; salinity of <1–139 psu; pH of 6.1–9.5; and of 1.1–13.7 mg l−1 oxygen. Sediment and vegetation was sparse in T. californicus pools (mean cover 15.79±10.6% in 9.4±11.1% of pools, all species), and consisted most commonly of Enteromorpha compressa and Scytosiphon lomentaria and its Ralfsia-like alternate phase. Common fauna included mites, amphipods, littorines, and nematodes, with the highest diversity of co-inhabitants occurring in spring. Factors such as wind, wave action, and incidental fauna are discussed as potential agents of dispersal for splashpool copepods.

scholarly journals Relation between leaf number and final leaf area of rye.

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
R.F. Hoogland
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
Average Surface Area ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Relationship

In rye cv. Petkus and Zelder the date of emergence of the flag leaves was almost the same for all plants irrespective of the number of leaves (10-13) produced. Correlation coefficients for the relationship between total leaf area and number of leaves were + 0.45 and + 0.44 and for that between number of spikelets per ear and number of leaves + 0.61 and + 0.69 for the 2 varieties, respectively. Average surface area per leaf increased with increasing number of leaves.-R.B. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Surface area analysis in edentulous jaws of patients with skeletal class I

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srdjan Postic
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Class I ◽  
Anthropometric Parameter ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Average Surface Area ◽  
The Right ◽  
Edentulous Jaws

Introduction. The surface area of edentulous jaw has been considered as an important functional and anthropometric parameter. The aim of this study was to assess the surface area of supporting tissue in edentulous jaws of patients with the skeletal class I. Material and Methods. Thin aluminum foils (0.5 mm of thickness) were adapted on plaster surfaces of 139 pairs of edentulous jaws casts. Foils were positioned on a millimeter-paper in order to measure their areas. Additionally, surface areas were measured using a mechanic plan-meter (G. Coradi, Zurich, Switzerland, serial no. 49823). The measurement error was 1%. Skeletal class of edentulous jaws was determined by analysis of lateral cephalometric radiographs, and assessing the ANB (SNA, SNB) angle. Results. The average surface area of edentulous upper jaws was 4654?407 mm2 in males, and 4212?368 mm2 in females. Edentulous lower jaws had average surface area of 2843?339 mm2 in males, and 2334?295 mm2 in females. Statistically significant difference (p<0.001) was found in comparison of surface areas and dimensions of upper and lower edentulous jaws in male and female. ANB values ranged from 2 to 4 degrees. Conclusion. The surface area is an important parameter in the analysis of edentulous jaws. Edentulous jaws in males had greater surface areas and dimensions as compared to females. Edentulous areas on the right side were not absolutely symmetric to areas on the left side.

Morphology and dimensions of the young comendite lavas of La Primavera volcano, Mexico

1982 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Clough ◽  
J. V. Wright ◽  
G. P. L. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Average Thickness ◽  
Ring Fracture ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Average Surface Area ◽  
Special Environment ◽  
Lake Deposits

SummaryQuantitative data on the rhyolitic lavas of the Quaternary La Primavera volcano, Mexico, are presented. Lavas vary in form from domes and mesa lavas to short coulées. Average thickness is 100 m, average surface area is 2.7 km2 and aspect ratios vary from 1:7 to 1:25. Two petrological lava types are distinguished – porphyritic and aphyric. Porphyritic lavas occur on or within an inner ring fracture and are associated with an area of caldera lake deposits. Many features suggest that these porphyritic lavas were emplaced into the wet sediments or water of the caldera lake. Aphyric lavas are largely found to the south of this region and form large polygenetic structures extruded on dry land. The porphyritic lavas generally are smaller and have higher aspect ratios than the aphyric, which are attributed to their special environment of emplacement. Some porphyritic lavas extruded on dry land, outside the region occupied by the caldera lake, are, however, the thinnest on the volcano.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Nano Bioglass for the Application of Bone Tissue Engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Kumar ◽  
Brijnandan S. Dehiya ◽  
Anil Sindhu ◽  
Vinod Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
Average Surface Area ◽  
Agglomeration Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Cytotoxicity Effects

In this paper, we are addressing the development of new composition (60%SiO2-30%CaO-10%P2O5) of biodegradable and biocompatible bioglass (nBG) nanoparticles. The bioglass nanoparticles have been fabricated by sol-gel method. To get functionalized bioglass nanoparticles, they were treated with lysozyme (1 mg/mL) for 48 h. Morphology of nanoparticles, such as structure, particle size, and surface topography were studied by TEM. Bioglass nanoparticles generate hydroxyapatite layer when nanoparticles treated with simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 days. The presence of bioglass and hydroxyapatite phases confirmed by XRD. TEM images revealed irregular shaped with slightly agglomeration of nanoparticles in nanometer range (200 to 500 nm). The in-vitro biodegradation of nanoparticles was confirmed by weight loss in the presence of SBF. The cytotoxicity effects and cell proliferation of respective sample were investigated through MTT assay. BET results revealed average surface area (10.4 m2/g) of nanoparticles. The nano range of particles will provide better surface to volume ratio over micro or macro particles which makes them more effective so they are often able to react rapidly.

Sodium-pump density of cells from dog tracheal mucosa

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (5) ◽  
pp. C389-C398 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Widdicombe ◽  
C. B. Basbaum ◽  
E. Highland
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Sodium Pump ◽  
Apical Membrane ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Tracheal Mucosa ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Average Surface Area

Uptake of tritiated ouabain by cells isolated from dog tracheal epithelium showed two components: a saturable component with a Km of 5.1 X 10(-8) M and a maximal uptake of 8.3 X 10(5) molecules/cell and a nonsaturating component of uptake that was linear with concentration. Several criteria indicated that the saturable uptake component represented binding to the Na+-K+-ATPase. To estimate the average surface area per cell, a known number of cells were pelleted and weighed, and the average surface area was calculated, assuming the cells to be perfectly spherical. The validity of this assumption was confirmed by comparing the calculated surface areas of cells in isotonic and hypotonic media. From the values for maximal saturable uptake and average surface area, a pump density of approximately 2,400 sites/micron2 was calculated. Given that the apical membrane lacks Na pumps and accounts for only approximately 5% of the total surface area, this value corresponds to the pump density of the basolateral cell membrane. The pump densities of ciliated, goblet, and basal cells were compared by autoradiography. The three cell types had approximately the same density of pump sites.

Regression of corneal neovascularization: Adiponectin versus bevacizumab eye drops

2019 ◽  
pp. 112067211987494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Baradaran-Rafii ◽  
Azin Ashnagar ◽  
Saeed Heidari Keshel ◽  
Sayena Jabbehdari ◽  
Ghazaleh Baradaran-Rafii
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Corneal Neovascularization ◽  
Silk Suture ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Artificial Tears ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
Average Surface Area ◽  
And Control

Purpose: Comparing the effect of adiponectin versus bevacizumab in decreasing corneal neovascularization. Methods: This study was conducted on 30 eyes of 30 New Zealand Albino male rabbits. Corneal neovascularization was induced by a single 7-0 silk suture 2 mm long and 1 mm in front of the limbus for 2 weeks. Rabbits were randomly divided into three groups of adiponectin (20 µg/mL), bevacizumab (5 mg/mL) and artificial tears. The treatments continued up to 14 days. Results: At the end of 14 days, the average length of vessels in rabbits treated with adiponectin, bevacizumab and control groups decreased from 2.12 ± 0.32 mm to 0.89 ± 0.46 mm (57.68% ± 19.98%) (P < 0.001), 2.30 ± 0.41 mm to 1.30 ± 0.58 mm (42.49% ± 27.17%) (P = 0.048) and from 2.12 ± 0.44 mm to 1.81 ± 0.42 mm (14.81% ± 5.64%) (P = 0.112), respectively. The length of vessels decreased 57.68% ± 19.98% and 42.49% ± 27.17% in adiponectin versus bevacizumab groups, respectively (P = 0.527). The average surface area of vessels in rabbits treated with adiponectin, bevacizumab and control groups reduced from 5.02 ± 1.50 mm2 to 1.40 ± 0.75 mm2 (70.64% ± 17.76%) (P < 0.001) 0.34 ± 1.1 mm2 to 2.80 ± 1.04 mm2 (48.24% ± 19.23%) (P = 0.039) and 5.12 ± 2.92 mm2 to 4.4 ± 2.55 mm2 (14.68% ± 4.19%) (P = 0.117). Mean surface area of vascularization decreased 70.64% ± 17.76% and 48.24% ± 19.23% in adiponectin versus bevacizumab, respectively (P = 0.013). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that topical adiponectin can decrease recent corneal neovascularization.

Evaluation of Nanotechniques and Conventional Techniques for the Removal of Dioxins

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Vaishali V. Shahare ◽  
Rajni Grover ◽  
Suman Meena
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Dioxins And Furans ◽  
Palladized Iron ◽  
The Impact

Background: The persistent dioxins/furans has caused a worldwide concern as they influence the human health. Recent research indicates that nonmaterial may prove effective in the degradation of Dioxins/furans. The nanomaterials are very reactive owing to their large surface area to volume ratio and large number of reactive sites. However, nanotechnology applications face both the challenges and the opportunities to influence the area of environmental protection. Objective: i) To study the impact of oil mediated UV-irradiations on the removal of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 2,3,7,8-TCDF, OCDD and OCDF in simulated soil samples. ii) To compare the conventional treatment methods with the modern available nanotechniques for the removal of selected Dioxins/furans from soil samples. Methods: The present work has investigated an opportunity of the degradation of tetra and octachlorinated dioxins and furans by using oil mediated UV radiations with subsequent extraction of respective dioxins/furans from soils. The results have been compared with the available nanotechniques. Results: The dioxin congeners in the simulated soil sample showed decrease in concentration with the increase in the exposure time and intensity of UV radiations. The dechlorination of PCDD/Fs using palladized iron has been found to be effective. Conclusion: Both the conventional methods and nanotechnology have a dramatic impact on the removal of Dioxins/furans in contaminated soil. However, the nanotechniques are comparatively costlier and despite the relatively high rates of PCDDs dechlorination by Pd/nFe, small fraction of the dioxins are recalcitrant to degradation over considerable exposure times.

scholarly journals Precise regulation of the relative rates of surface area and volume synthesis in bacterial cells growing in dynamic environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Handuo Shi ◽  
Yan Hu ◽  
Pascal D. Odermatt ◽  
Carlos G. Gonzalez ◽  
Lichao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Growth Rate ◽  
State Size ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe steady-state size of bacterial cells correlates with nutrient-determined growth rate. Here, we explore how rod-shaped bacterial cells regulate their morphology during rapid environmental changes. We quantify cellular dimensions throughout passage cycles of stationary-phase cells diluted into fresh medium and grown back to saturation. We find that cells exhibit characteristic dynamics in surface area to volume ratio (SA/V), which are conserved across genetic and chemical perturbations as well as across species and growth temperatures. A mathematical model with a single fitting parameter (the time delay between surface and volume synthesis) is quantitatively consistent with our SA/V experimental observations. The model supports that this time delay is due to differential expression of volume and surface-related genes, and that the first division after dilution occurs at a tightly controlled SA/V. Our minimal model thus provides insight into the connections between bacterial growth rate and cell shape in dynamic environments.

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