‘We are all sondukarar (relatives)!’: kinship and its morality in an urban industry of Tamilnadu, South India

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEERT DE NEVE
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
South India ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Small Scale Industry ◽  
The Face ◽  
Repeated Use

AbstractThis article is concerned with the role of kinship and kin morality in contexts of work in South Asia. It focuses on the highly ambivalent nature of kin morality when mobilised outside the household and the family. Ethnographic evidence from a small-scale industry in Tamilnadu, South India, shows how employers frequently invoke the morality of kinship and caste in an attempt to secure a reliable and compliant labour force and to avoid overt class confrontation. However, employers’ efforts to promote kinship—real or fictive—and its morality in the workplace appear inadequate in the face of high labour turnover and frequently collapsing employer-worker relationships in small-scale industries. While employers’ repeated use of kin ideology succeeds in silencing the workers on the shop floor, it is much less effective in securing a stable labour force in the long run. The argument put forward here points to the limits of kin morality and questions its effectiveness in informal contexts of labour employment. The discussion sheds new light on the role of caste and kinship in recruiting, retaining and disciplining labour in India's informal economy.

scholarly journals Impacts of literacy rate and human development indices on agricultural production in South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 531-536
Author(s):  
S. Leshoro ◽  
T.L.A. Leshoro
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

Agriculture is an important sector in South Africa, and the impact that education and human development would have made in this sector via non-white small scale farming was limited through biased policies of the apartheid era. Due to apartheid laws, South Africa found itself with high levels of unskilled labour force. This study seeks to find the impacts of literacy rate and human development indices on agricultural production using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds Test approach to co-integration. A long run relationship among the variables, agricultural production (agriculture GDP), literacy rate and human development indices were found. Literacy rate has a positively significant effect on agricultural production in the long run while Human Development Index has a positive and significant impact in the short run. This indicates that the apartheid regime fell short in recognizing the positive effect of education in the agricultural sector by denying a descent education to the majority of non-whites which were farm labourers or small scale farmers. This study provides some policy recommendations.  

scholarly journals The protective and attractive covering of a vegetated embankment using coir geotextiles

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vishnudas ◽  
H. H. G. Savenije ◽  
P. Van der Zaag ◽  
K. R. Anil ◽  
K. Balan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
South India ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Content Protection ◽  
Small Scale Industry ◽  
Steep Slopes

Abstract. This paper presents the results of a field experiment conducted in Kerala, South India, to test the effectiveness of coir geotextiles for embankment protection. The results reveal that treatment with geotextile in combination with grass is an effective eco-hydrological measure to protect steep slopes from erosion. In the context of sustainable watershed management, coir is a cheap and locally available material that can be used to strengthen traditional earthen bunds or protect the banks of village ponds from erosion. Particularly in developing countries, where coir is abundantly available and textiles can be produced by small-scale industry, this is an attractive alternative for conventional methods. This paper analyses the performance of coir geotextile in different treatments with respect to soil moisture content, protection against erosion and biomass production.

scholarly journals The Role of Small-scale Industry in Pakistan's Economy and Government Incentives

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-807
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hussain Malik ◽  
Aftab Ahmad Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Small Scale Industry ◽  
Small Industry ◽  
The Government

Despite the recognition of the importance of small-scale industry, the Government of Pakistan's industrial policy has been biased in the past towards the large-scale manufacturing sector. The First Five Year Plan (1955-60) document states the significance of small-scale industry in the following words. Small industry has specific contributions to make to economic development. In the first place, it can contribute to the output of needed goods without requiring the organization of large new enterprises or the use of much foreign exchange to finance the import of new equipment. Secondly, it can provide opportunities for employment beyond the narrow boundaries of urban centres. Finally, as history shows, it can perform an important function in promoting growth, providing training ground for management and labour, and spreading industrial knowledge over wide areas [8, p. 471] .

Financial Inclusion for Growth with Equity: A Case Study of Bank of India

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gouri Prava Samal ◽  
Anil Kumar Swain
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institution ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inclusive Growth ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Payment Mechanism ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Small Scale Industry

Financial inclusion promotes thrift and develops a culture of saving and also enables efficient payment mechanism strengthening the resource base of the financial institution. This benefits the economy as resources become available for efficient payment mechanism and allocation. The whole process of financial inclusion will not be possible without the contribution of banks. Banks are the key pillars of India’s financial system. Public have immense faith in banks. Banks enjoy considerable goodwill and access in the rural regions. Lending to agricultural activities and small scale industry is in the priority sector for lending of the commercial banks. The theme of the paper is to understand the inter-relationship between financial inclusion and its overall contribution to inclusive growth and the role of banks to encompass all those financially excluded into the folds of inclusive class. The study is further extended by covering the contribution of Bank of India in achieving financial inclusion and inclusive growth in Odisha.

scholarly journals The Role of Microfinance Sector In Up Lifting The Performance Of Small Scale Industry And Empowering Women In Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
Rummana Zaheer ◽  
Bilal Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Small Scale Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
Similar Strategy ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come ◽  
Great Scope ◽  
Made In

An endeavor has been made in this paper to ascertain the reasons behind the bleak performance of the economy of Pakistan in spite of the fact that the country possesses cheaper labor as compared to many countries of the world. With a big portion of our labor force – comprising of women has been neglected even from unemployment alleviation planning. The data used in this study was available from December 2007 to September 2010. Looking up to neighboring China and its economic progress as the most populated country of the world brought its population in the economic fold, Pakistani government also needs to come up with some similar strategy but related to its own society norms. Pakistan could also bring a big part of its population by strengthening microfinance sector and subsequently small sector of the country. There is great scope in the microfinance industry in Pakistan provided that the government objectively patronizes the activities of the microfinance banks and institutions.

scholarly journals DANA PENSIUN PENDORONG KESEJAHTERAAN PEKERJA DAN PENJAGA EKSISTENSI UMKM DALAM MENGHADAPI MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Lokot Zein Nasution ◽  
Muhammad Khoirul Fuddin
Keyword(s):  
Pension Fund ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Small Scale Industry ◽  
The Face ◽  
Asean Economic Community

This paper discusses the importance of pension fund which is a non-banking financial institution that has Perana in promoting economic growth and the welfare of workers in the retirement age and its benefits to eksistensu SMEs in the face of the Asean Economic Community (AEC). The purpose of this study to see the importance of the pension fund for workers during the later retirement age and the need for pension funds to the survival of SMEs in the face of the Asean Economic Community (AEC). The results explain that the role of pension funds are expected not just those given priority to the final target is to meet the needs of the current workforce entry age pension which is more widely used in the activities of a consumptive but expected the pension fund can be used not only by the participant retires but family members as well can be used for activities - activities such as setting up operations without having to wait for the parties concerned entered the retirement age. So with demikan welfare pension fund participants and families will be more prosperous and productive. It is then hoped all companies or small-scale industry should have a medium or large and obliging each program tenagakerjanya have pension funds to avoid terjadniya mobilization of human resources to a foreign company at the time of entering the MEA 2015. With the increased prosperity that it offered by domestic perusaaahn one of them by giving progam pensions to workers expected the existence and well-being of the workforce will increase.

scholarly journals The Role of Small-Scale Industries in Achieving the Sustainable Development: the Experience of India

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-169
Author(s):  
N. V. Galistcheva
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Employment Level ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Small Scale Industry ◽  
Small Scale Industries

The article deals with the role of small scale industry in India in achieving the sustainable development. The author draws attention to the fact that the small scale industry promotion policy impacts significantly not only on decreasing the unemployment rate as well as long-term and youth unemployment but also on solving such acute social problems as poverty, famine, undernourishment and food insecurity, lack of quality education, gender inequality and the empowerment of women. The author pays attention to the evolution of small business in India in 1950-2010s. It argues convincingly that due to significant number of population as well as low-skilled labor on the one hand and limited financial resources on the other one small business has been considered to be a buffer between modern big business and the bulk of the population remaining outside it. The author considers the effectiveness of the industrial policy through the prism of stimulating small-scale industry and changing its place in the Indian economy. The author examines the activity of the The National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development (NABARD) which is considered to be the most important institution which looks after the development of the small scale industries. The aim of NABARD was poverty reduction and development assistance (it’s one of the premier agencies providing developmental credit in rural areas). The article presents the definition of small scale industry in India both in terms of employment level and the investment limits as well as statistical data on number of units, its share in industrial production and exports and expansion of small scale sector in 2000-2010s. The author identified main problems facing cottage and small scale industries in India at the present time. The research is based on the systematic approach to the study of national economy using basic methods of scientific knowledge such as induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis.

scholarly journals Is Informal Sector Employment Marginal to Formal Sector Growth?

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (4II) ◽  
pp. 543-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Tahir ◽  
Pervez Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The State ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Government

Pakistan has adopted a neoliberal regime to open the economy to global competition and reduce the role of the state. This directional change brought increased flow of overseas remittances, speculative investment, and consumerism. Consequently, the economy in mid-2000s grew but commodity-producing sector contracted. Public sector spending has been falling, especially on social sectors. There are inadequate provisions for social security and employment based income guarantees. However, this growth and stability was short lived and there is now a fragile state and slowing economy. In the absence of an effective regulatory role of the state, and due to the failure in developing a long-term strategy to harness the labour force potential, there is a huge informal sector existing side by side with the formal economy. Almost 22 million of the employed labour force is earning its livelihood in streets and the government has no record of it. The informal workers can be categorised as self-employed workers and wage workers, doing diversified jobs from petty traders to small producers and from rickshaw driver to shoe shiners. It is difficult to measure the value added contribution of the informal sector in Pakistan. Indirect estimation approaches on the basis of employment and hours worked have been used to estimate the contribution of informal economy. For instance, Idris (2008) estimates the share at 36.8 percent of GNP, which is significant. Arby, Malik and Hanif (2010) measured the size of informal economy in Pakistan through a monetary approach. They find that the size has declined considerably.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document