scholarly journals Potential anti-obesogenic properties of non-digestible carbohydrates: specific focus on resistant dextrin

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Hobden ◽  
Laetitia Guérin-Deremaux ◽  
Ian Rowland ◽  
Glenn R. Gibson ◽  
Orla B. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Appetite Regulation ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Resistant Dextrin ◽  
The Impact

Alterations in the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota appear to contribute to the development of obesity and associated metabolic diseases. However, the extent of this relationship remains unknown. Modulating the gut microbiota with non-digestible carbohydrates (NDC) may exert anti-obesogenic effects through various metabolic pathways including changes to appetite regulation, glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation. The NDC vary in physicochemical structure and this may govern their physical properties and fermentation by specific gut bacterial populations. Much research in this area has focused on established prebiotics, especially fructans (i.e. inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides); however, there is increasing interest in the metabolic effects of other NDC, such as resistant dextrin. Data presented in this review provide evidence from mechanistic and intervention studies that certain fermentable NDC, including resistant dextrin, are able to modulate the gut microbiota and may alter metabolic process associated with obesity, including appetite regulation, energy and lipid metabolism and inflammation. To confirm these effects and elucidate the responsible mechanisms, further well-controlled human intervention studies are required to investigate the impact of NDC on the composition and function of the gut microbiota and at the same time determine concomitant effects on host metabolism and physiology.

scholarly journals Ovariectomy Impaired Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis and Altered the Gut Microbiota in Mice With Different Diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zili Lei ◽  
Huijuan Wu ◽  
Yanhong Yang ◽  
Qing Hu ◽  
Yuting Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Glucose

The lower incidence of metabolic diseases of women than men and the increasing morbidity of metabolic disorders of menopausal women indicated that hormones produced by ovaries may affect homeostasis of glucose and lipid metabolism, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To explore the functions of ovaries on regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in females, 8 weeks old C57BL/6 mice were preformed ovariectomy and administrated with normal food diet (NFD) or high fat diet (HFD). Six weeks after ovariectomy, blood biochemical indexes were tested and the morphology and histology of livers were checked. The expression levels of genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism in liver were detected through transcriptome analysis, qPCR and western blot assays. 16S rDNA sequence was conducted to analyze the gut microbiota of mice with ovariectomy and different diets. The serum total cholesterol (TC) was significantly increased in ovariectomized (OVX) mice fed with NFD (OVXN), and serum low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) was significantly increased in both OVXN mice and OVX mice fed with HFD (OVXH). The excessive glycogen storage was found in livers of 37.5% mice from OVXN group, and lipid accumulation was detected in livers of the other 62.5% OVXN mice. The OVXN group was further divided into OVXN-Gly and OVXN-TG subgroups depending on histological results of the liver. Lipid drops in livers of OVXH mice were more and larger than other groups. The expression level of genes related with lipogenesis was significantly increased and the expression level of genes related with β-oxidation was significantly downregulated in the liver of OVXN mice. Ovariectomy also caused the dysbiosis of intestinal flora of OVXN and OVXH mice. These results demonstrated that hormones generated by ovaries played important roles in regulating hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism and communicating with the gut microbiota in females.

scholarly journals The Orphan Nuclear Receptor 4A1: A Potential New Therapeutic Target for Metabolic Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Qun Wang ◽  
Wen Liu ◽  
Fangyan Liu ◽  
Ailing Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Orphan Receptor ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Orphan Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
The Impact

Orphan nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1) is a transcriptional factor of the nuclear orphan receptor (NR4A) superfamily that has sparked interest across different research fields in recent years. Several studies have demonstrated that ligand-independent NR4A1 is an immediate-early response gene and the protein product is rapidly induced by a variety of stimuli. Hyperfunction or dysfunction of NR4A1 is implicated in various metabolic processes, including carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and energy balance, in major metabolic tissues, such as liver, skeletal muscle, pancreatic tissues, and adipose tissues. No endogenous ligands for NR4A1 have been identified, but numerous compounds that bind and activate or inactivate nuclear NR4A1 or induce cytoplasmic localization of NR4A1 have been identified. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the molecular biology and physiological functions of NR4A1. And we focus on the physiological functions of NR4A1 receptor to the development of the metabolic diseases, with a special focus on the impact on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle, liver, adipose tissue, and islet.

scholarly journals Considerations for the design and conduct of human gut microbiota intervention studies relating to foods

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 3347-3368
Author(s):  
J. R. Swann ◽  
M. Rajilic-Stojanovic ◽  
A. Salonen ◽  
O. Sakwinska ◽  
C. Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWith the growing appreciation for the influence of the intestinal microbiota on human health, there is increasing motivation to design and refine interventions to promote favorable shifts in the microbiota and their interactions with the host. Technological advances have improved our understanding and ability to measure this indigenous population and the impact of such interventions. However, the rapid growth and evolution of the field, as well as the diversity of methods used, parameters measured and populations studied, make it difficult to interpret the significance of the findings and translate their outcomes to the wider population. This can prevent comparisons across studies and hinder the drawing of appropriate conclusions. This review outlines considerations to facilitate the design, implementation and interpretation of human gut microbiota intervention studies relating to foods based upon our current understanding of the intestinal microbiota, its functionality and interactions with the human host. This includes parameters associated with study design, eligibility criteria, statistical considerations, characterization of products and the measurement of compliance. Methodologies and markers to assess compositional and functional changes in the microbiota, following interventions are discussed in addition to approaches to assess changes in microbiota–host interactions and host responses. Last, EU legislative aspects in relation to foods and health claims are presented. While it is appreciated that the field of gastrointestinal microbiology is rapidly evolving, such guidance will assist in the design and interpretation of human gut microbiota interventional studies relating to foods.

Lactobacillus acidophilus alleviates type 2 diabetes by regulating hepatic glucose, lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 5804-5815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenfen Yan ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Jialu Shi ◽  
Huizhen Li ◽  
Yingxue Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Hepatic Glucose

Lactobacillus acidophilus alleviates type 2 diabetes induced by a high fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ) injection by regulating gut microbiota, hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism in mice.

scholarly journals Nuciferine modulates the gut microbiota and prevents obesity in high-fat diet-fed rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1959-1975
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Weifan Yao ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Shiyun Qian ◽  
Binbin Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractGut microbiota dysbiosis has a significant role in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, including obesity. Nuciferine (NUC) is a main bioactive component in the lotus leaf that has been used as food in China since ancient times. Here, we examined whether the anti-obesity effects of NUC are related to modulations in the gut microbiota. Using an obese rat model fed a HFD for 8 weeks, we show that NUC supplementation of HFD rats prevents weight gain, reduces fat accumulation, and ameliorates lipid metabolic disorders. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the fecal microbiota suggested that NUC changed the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in HFD-fed rats. In particular, NUC decreased the ratio of the phyla Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, the relative abundance of the LPS-producing genus Desulfovibrio and bacteria involved in lipid metabolism, whereas it increased the relative abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria in HFD-fed rats. Predicted functional analysis of microbial communities showed that NUC modified genes involved in LPS biosynthesis and lipid metabolism. In addition, serum metabolomics analysis revealed that NUC effectively improved HFD-induced disorders of endogenous metabolism, especially lipid metabolism. Notably, NUC promoted SCFA production and enhanced intestinal integrity, leading to lower blood endotoxemia to reduce inflammation in HFD-fed rats. Together, the anti-obesity effects of NUC may be related to modulations in the composition and potential function of gut microbiota, improvement in intestinal barrier integrity and prevention of chronic low-grade inflammation. This research may provide support for the application of NUC in the prevention and treatment of obesity.

scholarly journals Probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum strain JDFM216 improves cognitive behavior and modulates immune response with gut microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi Ri Park ◽  
Minhye Shin ◽  
Daye Mun ◽  
Seong-Yeop Jeong ◽  
Do-Youn Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Probiotic Bacterium ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIncreasing evidence indicates that alterations in gut microbiota are associated with mammalian development and physiology. The gut microbiota has been proposed as an essential player in metabolic diseases including brain health. This study aimed to determine the impact of probiotics on degenerative changes in the gut microbiota and cognitive behavior. Assessment of various behavioral and physiological functions was performed using Y-maze tests, wheel running tests, accelerated rotarod tests, balance beam tests, and forced swimming tests (FSTs), using adult mice after 50 weeks of administering living probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus fermentum strain JDFM216 or a vehicle. Immunomodulatory function was investigated using immune organs, immune cells and immune molecules in the mice, and gut microbiota was also evaluated in their feces. Notably, the L. fermentum JDFM216-treated group showed significantly better performance in the behavior tests (P < 0.05) as well as improved phagocytic activity of macrophages, enhanced sIgA production, and stimulated immune cells (P < 0.05). In aged mice, we observed decreases in species belonging to the Porphyromonadaceae family and the Lactobacillus genus when compared to young mice. While administering the supplementation of L. fermentum JDFM216 to aged mice did not shift the whole gut microbiota, the abundance of Lactobacillus species was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Our findings suggested that L. fermentum JDFM216 also provided beneficial effects on the regulation of immune responses, which has promising implications for functional foods. Taken together, L. fermentum JDFM216 could confer the benefit of improving health with enhanced cognition, physiological behavior, and immunity by modulating the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Rapeseed Lecithin Increases Lymphatic Lipid Output and α-Linolenic Acid Bioavailability in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (11) ◽  
pp. 2900-2911
Author(s):  
Chloé Robert ◽  
Leslie Couëdelo ◽  
Carole Knibbe ◽  
Laurence Fonseca ◽  
Charline Buisson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Soybean Lecithin ◽  
Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Postprandial Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Postprandial Lipid ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rapeseed Lecithin

ABSTRACT Background Soybean lecithin, a plant-based emulsifier widely used in food, is capable of modulating postprandial lipid metabolism. With arising concerns of sustainability, alternative sources of vegetal lecithin are urgently needed, and their metabolic effects must be characterized. Objectives We evaluated the impact of increasing doses of rapeseed lecithin (RL), rich in essential α-linolenic acid (ALA), on postprandial lipid metabolism and ALA bioavailability in lymph-cannulated rats. Methods Male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) undergoing a mesenteric lymph duct cannulation were intragastrically administered 1 g of an oil mixture containing 4% ALA and 0, 1, 3, 10, or 30% RL (5 groups). Lymph fractions were collected for 6 h. Lymph lipids and chylomicrons (CMs) were characterized. The expression of genes implicated in intestinal lipid metabolism was determined in the duodenum at 6 h. Data was analyzed using either sigmoidal or linear mixed-effects models, or one-way ANOVA, where appropriate. Results RL dose-dependently increased the lymphatic recovery (AUC) of total lipids (1100 μg/mL·h per additional RL%; P = 0.010) and ALA (50 μg/mL·h per additional RL%; P = 0.0076). RL induced a faster appearance of ALA in lymph, as evidenced by the exponential decrease of the rate of appearance of ALA with RL (R2 = 0.26; P = 0.0064). Although the number of CMs was unaffected by RL, CM diameter was increased in the 30%-RL group, compared to the control group (0% RL), by 86% at 3–4 h (P = 0.065) and by 81% at 4–6 h (P = 0.0002) following administration. This increase was positively correlated with the duodenal mRNA expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mttp; ρ= 0.63; P = 0.0052). The expression of Mttp and secretion-associated, ras-related GTPase 1 gene homolog B (Sar1b, CM secretion), carnitine palmitoyltransferase IA (Cpt1a) and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (Acox1, beta-oxidation), and fatty acid desaturase 2 (Fads2, bioconversion of ALA into long-chain n–3 PUFAs) were, respectively, 49%, 29%, 74%, 48%, and 55% higher in the 30%-RL group vs. the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions In rats, RL enhanced lymphatic lipid output, as well as the rate of appearance of ALA, which may promote its subsequent bioavailability and metabolic fate.

scholarly journals Could the beneficial effects of dietary calcium on obesity and diabetes control be mediated by changes in intestinal microbiota and integrity?

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 1756-1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. G. Gomes ◽  
J. A. Costa ◽  
R. C. Alfenas
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Body Weight Reduction ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Supplementation Period ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEvidence from animal and human studies has associated gut microbiota, increased translocation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and reduced intestinal integrity (II) with the inflammatory state that occurs in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Consumption of Ca may favour body weight reduction and glycaemic control, but its influence on II and gut microbiota is not well understood. Considering the impact of metabolic diseases on public health and the role of Ca on the pathophysiology of these diseases, this review critically discusses possible mechanisms by which high-Ca diets could affect gut microbiota and II. Published studies from 1993 to 2015 about this topic were searched and selected from Medline/PubMed, Scielo and Lilacs databases. High-Ca diets seem to favour the growth of lactobacilli, maintain II (especially in the colon), reduce translocation of LPS and regulate tight-junction gene expression. We conclude that dietary Ca might interfere with gut microbiota and II modulations and it can partly explain the effect of Ca on obesity and T2DM control. However, further research is required to define the supplementation period, the dose and the type of Ca supplement (milk or salt) required for more effective results. As Ca interacts with other components of the diet, these interactions must also be considered in future studies. We believe that more complex mechanisms involving extraintestinal disorders (hormones, cytokines and other biomarkers) also need to be studied.

scholarly journals Urine Metabolomics by 1H-NMR Spectroscopy Indicates Associations between Serum 3,5-T2 Concentrations and Intermediary Metabolism in Euthyroid Humans

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maik Pietzner ◽  
Georg Homuth ◽  
Kathrin Budde ◽  
Ina Lehmphul ◽  
Uwe Völker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
1H Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Urine Metabolites ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Design And Methods

Context: 3,5-Diiodo-L-thyronine (3,5-T2) is a thyroid hormone metabolite which exhibited versatile effects in rodent models, including the prevention of insulin resistance or hepatic steatosis typically forced by a high-fat diet. With respect to euthyroid humans, we recently observed a putative link between serum 3,5-T2 and glucose but not lipid metabolism. Objective: The aim of the present study was to widely screen the urine metabolome for associations with serum 3,5-T2 concentrations in healthy individuals. Study Design and Methods: Urine metabolites of 715 euthyroid participants of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND) were analyzed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Multinomial logistic and multivariate linear regression models were used to detect associations between urine metabolites and serum 3,5-T2 concentrations. Results: Serum 3,5-T2 concentrations were positively associated with urinary levels of trigonelline, pyroglutamate, acetone and hippurate. In detail, the odds for intermediate or suppressed serum 3,5-T2 concentrations doubled owing to a 1-standard deviation (SD) decrease in urine trigonelline levels, or increased by 29-50% in relation to a 1-SD decrease in urine pyroglutamate, acetone and hippurate levels. Conclusion: Our findings in humans confirmed the metabolic effects of circulating 3,5-T2 on glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and enhanced drug metabolism as postulated before based on interventional pharmacological studies in rodents. Of note, 3,5-T2 exhibited a unique urinary metabolic profile distinct from previously published results for the classical thyroid hormones.

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