Frequency ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection in sheep from a tropical zone of Mexico and temporal analysis of the humoral response changes

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (8) ◽  
pp. 897-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. CABALLERO-ORTEGA ◽  
H. QUIROZ-ROMERO ◽  
S. OLAZARÁN-JENKINS ◽  
D. CORREA
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tropical Zone ◽  
Wild Cats ◽  
First Time

SUMMARYAn indirect ELISA and an immunoblot were standardized to detect anti-Toxoplasma gondiiantibodies in sheep, and were compared with a commercial ELISA as reference. Sensitivity was 92·0 and 96·0%, and specificity 88·0 and 75·0%, respectively. Then the serum samples of 103 sheep on a ranch located in the Eastern region of Mexico were analysed. A frequency ranging from 77 to 84% was observed, with a heterogeneous pattern among the animals by immunoblotting. Ten months later 56 sheep were sampled and tested again. Six animals became negative while 1 case was negative the first time and strongly positive 10 months later. Considering this to be a new case we calculated an incidence rate of 2·1% (CI95%0·6–4·8%). IgG avidity ELISA was performed on 36 positive samples, 33 being of high-avidity at both times; slight increases in 2 samples and conservation of low-avidity in 1 sheep were also observed. Higher prevalence rates of toxoplasmosis in a moist warm compared to a cold atmosphere was attributed to the long viability ofT. gondiioocysts. This may explain the high frequency ofT. gondiiin this region, which apparently has favourable climatic conditions for the transmission of this protozoan, besides the presence of both domestic and wild cats.

Frequency and risk factors for toxoplasmosis in ovines of various regions of the State of Colima, Mexico

Parasitology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 135 (12) ◽  
pp. 1385-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. CABALLERO-ORTEGA ◽  
J. M. PALMA ◽  
L. J. GARCÍA-MÁRQUEZ ◽  
A. GILDO-CÁRDENAS ◽  
D. CORREA
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
Wild Cats ◽  
Female Sheep ◽  
Age And Sex

SUMMARYInfection of ewes byToxoplasma gondiimay induce abortions, thus it has consequences for sheep production. Colima, Western State of Mexico, has favourable climatic conditions for transmission and both domestic and wild cats live there. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of specific antibodies in sheep from the coast, a mountain, and a hill of Colima. Serum samples from 351 sheep were tested by a previously standardized indirect ELISA. The frequency of infection was estimated and the farm location and flock size, as well as the animals' age and sex were analysed as risk factors for toxoplasmosis. The frequency of antibodies depended on the altitude, being higher at sea level than at 1200 metres above sea level (OR=3·77, 95% CI=1·79–7·94,P<0·0001), and the size of the flock, being higher in the large ones (OR=2·23, 95% CI=1·35–3·71,P=0·002). Older animals were more frequently positive and with a stronger response than young ones (OR=1·77, 95% CI=1·07–2·93,P=0·016). No differences were observed between male and female sheep. In conclusion, toxoplasmosis is present in sheep of Colima with variations related to altitude, flock size and age.

scholarly journals Bluetongue Virus Infections in Cattle Herds of Manabí Province of Ecuador

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1445
Author(s):  
Euclides De la Torre ◽  
Nixon Moreira ◽  
Claude Saegerman ◽  
Kris De Clercq ◽  
María Salinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Competitive Elisa ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
First Time

Bluetongue (BT) is a viral disease transmitted by Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) to domestic and wild ruminants. Infections in cattle are mainly subclinical, but severe necrotic and hemorrhagic illness and death may occur depending on the strain of the virus and other factors; cattle act as a reservoir for the virus. Although the Ecuadorian coast has climatic conditions that favor the presence of the vector, there are few serologic or virologic BTV studies available. Manabí is a coastal province in which livestock farming is mostly implemented in the northern part. We conducted two studies to assess, for the first time, the presence of active BTV infections in Manabí province. We collected 430 serum samples from 38 randomly selected farms between March and July 2019 to perform BTV competitive ELISA. In addition, six seropositive farms were selected to place eight sentinel BTV-naive calves. All these calves were blood sampled and the presence of BTV RNA and antibodies was tested for by RT-PCR and competitive ELISA, respectively, once a week for 6–8 weeks until seroconversion was evidenced. A high individual seroprevalence (99%) was obtained, and all investigated farms had BTV seropositive animals. All sentinel calves became BTV viremic and seroconverted. The first viremia appeared after 2–5 weeks from arrival at the farm; they seroconverted 1–3 weeks later. We demonstrate for the first time that there is a high level of BTV circulation north of Manabí, with active infections on these farms. Integrated control strategies such as hygienic measures on farms to reduce midge populations would be advisable for the owners as mitigation measures.

scholarly journals Preliminary Seroepidemiological Investigation Regarding Mycobacterium Avium Infection in Wild Boars and Foxes

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Ioana Alexandra RĂȚOI ◽  
Luciana Alexandra CRIVEI ◽  
Daniela POREA ◽  
Anca Mihaela DASCĂLU ◽  
Andreea Paula COZMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Avium Infection ◽  
Current Assessment ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Infection

The present study aimed at identifying Mycobacterium avium seroprevalence in wild boars (Sus scrofa) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) samples, from the Eastern region of Romania, by using an indirect ELISA assay. A total of 367 wild animal samples were collected from eight counties: 275 wild boars sera samples from Iasi (n=209), Botosani (n=11), Bacau (n=17), Galati (n=27) and Covasna (n=11) and 92 fox samples of thoracic fluid from Iasi (n=30), Suceava (n=20), Neamt (n=19), Vaslui (n=11) and Galati (n=12). Specific antibodies were not detected in wild boar serum samples tested. From the fox samples, one was positive (1.08%), originating from Galati County. Our results may be correlated with a reduced distribution of Mycobacterium avium subspecies in the environment and a low prevalence of infections caused by these bacteria in wild animals. The current assessment shows that foxes have a limited role in the epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections.

P35 and P22 Toxoplasma gondii antigens abbreviate regions to diagnose acquired toxoplasmosis during pregnancy: toward single-sample assays

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan G. Costa ◽  
Leandro E. Peretti ◽  
Valeria S. García ◽  
Luz Peverengo ◽  
Verónica D.G. González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Expression System ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Alternative Expression ◽  
Parasite Lysate ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Commercial Kits ◽  
Toxoplasmosis During Pregnancy ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background: P35 and P22 Methods: We bioinformatically predicted P35 and P22 regions with the highest density of epitopes, and expressed them in pET32/BL21DE3 alternative expression system, obtaining the soluble proteins rP35a and rP22a. We assessed their diagnostic performance using pregnant woman serum samples typified as: not infected, NI (IgG−, IgM−), typical-chronic, TC (IgM−, IgG+), presumably acute, A (IgG+, IgM+, low-avidity IgG), and recently chronic, RC (IgG+, IgM+, high-avidity IgG). Results: rP35a performed better than rP22a to differentiate A from RC, the areas under the curve (AUC) being 0.911 and 0.818, respectively. They, however, performed similarly to differentiate A from TC+RC (AUC: 0.915 and 0.907, respectively). rP35a and rP22a evaluation by avidity ELISA to discriminate A from RC rendered AUC values of 0.974 and 0.921, respectively. The indirect ELISA and avidity ELISA results analyzed in tandem were consistent with those obtained using commercial kits. Conclusions: rP35a and rP22a features suggest that, with complementary use, they could replace parasite lysate for toxoplasmosis infection screening and for acute toxoplasmosis diagnosis. Our proposal should be validated by a longitudinal study and may lead to a reliable toxoplasmosis pregnancy control, performing tests in only one serum sample.

Evidences of Serological Studies for The Presence of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis IBR, In Albania

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Arta Lugaj ◽  
Liljana Cara ◽  
Marsel Borakaj ◽  
Kristaq Bërxholi
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
First Time

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), the causative agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), is considered to be the most common viral pathogen found in bovine. Virus enters through aerosol route or by direct contact with the nasal secretion in case of respiratory tract infection and by direct contact or by semen containing virus in case of genital infection. For the first time in Albania, this study was conducted to know the status of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) antibodies in the bovines of the selected area of Albania. Antibody level was measured using a commercial indirect ELISA. A total of 263 collected serum samples from 7 areas of Albania were subjected to serum neutralization test for detection of BHV-1 antibodies by using of Indirect-ELISA kits. The chi-square test was used for comparison of results between regions and in this study p Values>0.01 was considered statistically no-significant at the 0.01 level. From these results we had an indication about the antibody prevalence of IBR infection respectively, 96% in Terpan-Berat, 52% in Fejza-Has, 50% in Kavajë, 33% in Rrëshen, 14.3% in Guras-Pogradec, 10% in Drenovë-Korçë and 0% in Fier. The prevalence was ranged from 10% to 96% among seropositive herds in this study. In conclusion, results of this study clearly established for the first time that BHV-1 is subclinical prevalent virus in bovine in Albania. Further studies are needed to prevent the spread of this viral infection in Albania.BHV-1,

TBE in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
First Time

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was isolated for the first time in Sweden in 1958 (from ticks and from 1 tick-borne encephalitis [TBE] patient).1 In 2003, Haglund and colleagues reported the isolation and antigenic and genetic characterization of 14 TBEV strains from Swedish patients (samples collected 1991–1994).2 The first serum sample, from which TBEV was isolated, was obtained 2–10 days after onset of disease and found to be negative for anti-TBEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whereas TBEV-specific IgM (and TBEV-specific immunoglobulin G/cerebrospinal fluid [IgG/CSF] activity) was demonstrated in later serum samples taken during the second phase of the disease.

ЗУБРЫ НА СЕВЕРЕ РОССИИ — НАСТОЯЩЕЕ И БУДУЩЕЕ

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
I.V. GUSAROV ◽  
V.A. OSTAPENKO ◽  
T.V. NOVIKOVА
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Rare And Endangered Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Впервые в мире создана популяция зубров на территории 60 градусов северной широты. В новых климатических условиях разведения и сохранения зубров определены и проанализированы факторы существования вида на севере Европейской части РФ. Выявлены признаки, динамика численности, которые являются составной частью системы, предназначенной для управления биоразнообразием. Интродукция, являясь процессом введения в экосистему нехарактерных для нее видов, может усиливать изменения биоценозов как положительно, так и отрицательно. Насколько быстро и успешно проходит процесс адаптации заселенного вида, и усматривается его влияние на окружающую среду зависит дальнейшее существование зубров и в целом биоразнообразия. В статье обсуждаются вопросы взаимоотношения зубров с другими видами копытных и хозяйственной деятельностью человека, а также дальнейшим использованием зубров в сельскохозяйственном производстве. Пластичность зубров, выявление изменений и их анализ при вселении видов в новые условия обитания необходимы не только для определения развития или деградации биоценозов и в целом экосистемы, но и прогноза социально-экономических последствий интродукции как одного из методов сохранения редких и исчезающих видов фауны.For the first time in the world, a bison population has been created in an area of 60 degrees north latitude. In the new climatic conditions of breeding and preservation of bison, the factors of the species existence in the north of the European part of the Russian Federation are identified and analyzed. The signs, dynamics of abundance, which are an integral part of the system designed to manage biodiversity are identified, since the preservation of biological diversity on the planet is one of the main problems of our time. Introduction, being the process of introducing non-typical species into an ecosystem, can enhance changes in biocenoses, both positively and negatively. The question posing sounds especially when it comes to such a large hoofed animal as the European bison. How quickly and successfully the process of adaptation of the universe takes place and its environmental impact is seen depends on the continued existence of bison and biodiversity in general. The article discusses the relationship of bison with other types of ungulates and human activities, as well as the further use of bison in agricultural production. How these issues will be resolved positively depends on the future of these animals. Thus, the plasticity of bison, the identification of changes and their analysis, with the introduction of species into new habitat conditions is necessary not only to determine the development or degradation of biocenoses and the ecosystem as a whole, but also to predict the socio-economic consequences due to the introduction as one of the methods of preserving rare and endangered species of fauna.

scholarly journals Long-Term Longitudinal Evaluation of Six Commercial Immunoassays for the Detection of IgM and IgG Antibodies against SARS CoV-2

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1244
Author(s):  
Iulia Nedelcu ◽  
Raluca Jipa ◽  
Roxana Vasilescu ◽  
Cristian Băicuș ◽  
Costin-Ioan Popescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chemiluminescent Immunoassay ◽  
Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay ◽  
Antibody Levels

The number of serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 has skyrocketed in the past year. Concerns have been raised regarding their performance characteristics, depending on the disease severity and the time of the analysis post-symptom onset (PSO). Thus, independent validations using an unbiased sample selection are required for meaningful serology data interpretation. We aimed to assess the clinical performance of six commercially available assays, the seroconversion, and the dynamics of the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study included 528 serum samples from 156 patients with follow-up visits up to six months PSO and 161 serum samples from healthy people. The IgG/total antibodies positive percentage increased and remained above 95% after six months when chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) IgG antiS1/S2 and electro-chemiluminescent assay (ECLIA) total antiNP were used. At early time points PSO, chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) IgM antiS achieved the best sensitivity. IgM and IgG appear simultaneously in most circumstances, and when performed in parallel the sensitivity increases. The severe and the moderate clinical forms were significantly associated with higher seropositivity percentage and antibody levels. High specificity was found in all evaluated assays, but the sensitivity was variable depending on the time PSO, severity of disease, detection method and targeted antigen.

scholarly journals Recognition Pattern of the Fasciola hepatica Excretome/Secretome during the Course of an Experimental Infection in Sheep by 2D Immunoproteomics

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 725
Author(s):  
David Becerro-Recio ◽  
Javier González-Miguel ◽  
Alberto Ucero ◽  
Javier Sotillo ◽  
Álvaro Martínez-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Cathepsin L ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Immunogenic Proteins ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
First Time

Excretory/secretory products released by helminth parasites have been widely studied for their diagnostic utility, immunomodulatory properties, as well as for their use as vaccines. Due to their location at the host/parasite interface, the characterization of parasite secretions is important to unravel the molecular interactions governing the relationships between helminth parasites and their hosts. In this study, the excretory/secretory products from adult worms of the trematode Fasciola hepatica (FhES) were employed in a combination of two-dimensional electrophoresis, immunoblot and mass spectrometry, to analyze the immune response elicited in sheep during the course of an experimental infection. Ten different immunogenic proteins from FhES recognized by serum samples from infected sheep at 4, 8, and/or 12 weeks post-infection were identified. Among these, different isoforms of cathepsin L and B, peroxiredoxin, calmodulin, or glutathione S-transferase were recognized from the beginning to the end of the experimental infection, suggesting their potential role as immunomodulatory antigens. Furthermore, four FhES proteins (C2H2-type domain-containing protein, ferritin, superoxide dismutase, and globin-3) were identified for the first time as non-immunogenic proteins. These results may help to further understand host/parasite relationships in fasciolosis, and to identify potential diagnostic molecules and drug target candidates of F. hepatica.

scholarly journals A longitudinal study of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients reveals a high correlation between neutralizing antibodies and COVID-19 severity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Legros ◽  
Solène Denolly ◽  
Manon Vogrig ◽  
Bertrand Boson ◽  
Eglantine Siret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Immune Correlates ◽  
Human Coronaviruses

AbstractUnderstanding the immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical in terms of protection against reinfection and, thus, for public health policy and vaccine development for COVID-19. In this study, using either live SARS-CoV-2 particles or retroviruses pseudotyped with the SARS-CoV-2 S viral surface protein (Spike), we studied the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response in serum samples from a cohort of 140 SARS-CoV-2 qPCR-confirmed infections, including patients with mild symptoms and also more severe forms, including those that required intensive care. We show that nAb titers correlated strongly with disease severity and with anti-spike IgG levels. Indeed, patients from intensive care units exhibited high nAb titers; conversely, patients with milder disease symptoms had heterogeneous nAb titers, and asymptomatic or exclusive outpatient-care patients had no or low nAbs. We found that nAb activity in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients displayed a relatively rapid decline after recovery compared to individuals infected with other coronaviruses. Moreover, we found an absence of cross-neutralization between endemic coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2, indicating that previous infection by human coronaviruses may not generate protective nAbs against SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we found that the D614G mutation in the spike protein, which has recently been identified as the current major variant in Europe, does not allow neutralization escape. Altogether, our results contribute to our understanding of the immune correlates of SARS-CoV-2-induced disease, and rapid evaluation of the role of the humoral response in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 is warranted.

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