The in vitro anthelmintic activity of the ethanol leaf extracts of Terminalia catappa L. on Fasciola gigantica

SUMMARYAt present, there are no medicinal plant extracts currently available for treatment and control of fasciolosis. The present work could provide, for the first study, conclusions on the in vitro fasciolicidal properties of the ethanol extract of Terminalia catappa L. (TcCE) leaves against adult Fasciola gigantica after incubation with RPMI-1640 medium containing the TcCE at various concentrations and times when compared with triclabendazole (TCZ). The relative motility and survival index values of the TcCE-treated flukes decreased at a more rapid rate than the TCZ-treated flukes. The death of the parasites was observed after exposed to TcCE at 3 h incubation with 400, 800 and 1000 µg mL−1, and at 6 h incubation in 100 and 200 µg mL−1. Vacuolization, blebbings and partial disruption on the parasites’ tegument were observed by light microscopy. When examined by scanning electron microscopy, TcCE caused similar tegumental alterations in the parasites as those observed in TCZ treatment but with larger damage at comparative incubation periods, consisting of swelling, blebbing, disrupted blebs, loss of spines, leading to the erosion, lesion and eventual disruption of the total tegument. Therefore, the TcCE may exert its fasciolicidal effect against F. gigantica by initially causing the tegumental alteration.

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IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC AND ANTI-AMYLASE PROPERTIES OF GARCINIA PEDUNCULATA ROXB. ETHANOLIC EXTRACT

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i1.15395 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 189

Author(s):

Pinky Sarmah ◽

Nako Kobing ◽

Jyotchna Gogoi ◽

Ananta Madhab Dutta

Keyword(s):

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Death Time ◽

Control Sets ◽

Point Analysis ◽

Soxhlet Apparatus ◽

And Control

Objective: The present study aims to investigate in vitro anthelmintic and anti-amylase properties of the ethanolic fruit extract of Garcinia pedunculata.Methods: For the study, mature fruits of G. pedunculata were collected from local markets during April-May. Fleshy pericarps of fruits were chopped into small pieces, dried and extracted by using a Soxhlet apparatus. Ethanol extract of G. pedunculata was used for evaluation of in vitro anthelmintic and anti-amylase activities. In vitro anthelmintic activity was evaluated in animal models, Pheretima posthuma, an earthworm species. In vitro anti-amylase activity was evaluated by using zymographic, achromic point analysis (Starch-Iodine method) and spectrophotometric method [Di Nitro Salicylic acid (DNS)–Maltose method].Results: Ethanolic extract of G. pedunculata showed anthelmintic activity at a concentration of 75 mg/ml, paralysis and death timing was reported at 0.62±0.26 min and 1.42±0.07 min, respectively. The reference standard (Albendazole) showed paralysis time: 2.13±0.28 min and death time: 5.12±0.29 min. In the anti-amylase study, a zymographic density analysis of G. pedunculata showed significant variation in band intensity as compared to Starch–Iodine achromic point analysis and DNS–Maltose method. A concentration of 1.5 mg/ml of extract showed inhibition of amylase: 67.65±1.53 % as compared to other concentrations and control sets.Conclusion: It could be concluded that ethanolic extract of G. pedunculatahas biological properties which could be utilised in medicine by characterising its bioactive components.

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The Anthelmintic Activity Of Etanol Extract of Porang Tubers Against Fasciola gigantica In Vitro

Journal of Basic Medical Veterinary ◽

10.20473/jbmv.v10i2.31235 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 66

Author(s):

Firanda Agustina ◽

Rochmah Kurnijasanti ◽

Lucia Tri Suwanti ◽

Nunuk Dyah Retno Lastuti ◽

Kadek Rachmawati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microscopic Examination ◽

Immersion Time ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Fasciola Gigantica ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Extract Concentration ◽

Anthelmintic Effect

This study aims to determine the anthelmintic activity ethanol extract of porang tubers (A. oncophillus) against F. gigantica worms in vitro. There were five treatments and each treatment was done in five replications and used 10 F. gigantica. The treatments of this research were K- with CMC Na 1%, K+ with Albendazole 2.4 mg/ml, P1 with extract concentration 5%, P2 with extract concentration 10%, P3 with extract concentration 20%. The results showed that the extract of Porang tuber (A. oncophillus) had an anthelmintic effect against F. gigantica worms in vitro. In the extract with a concentration of 20%, there were anthelmintic properties that almost the same as Albendazole. The higher the extract concentration, the higher the anthelmintic properties. The longer the immersion time, the higher the number of dead worms. The morphological changes was evaluated by light microscopic examination and the results showed many histopathological changes on the morphology of F. gigantica. The results indicate that the possible use of the tubers as a potential anthelmintic against F. gigantica.

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Anthelmintic Activity of Ocimum sanctum Linn. Leaves Ethanol Extract Against Fasciola gigantica in vitro

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v3i6.1135 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 266

Author(s):

Mesia Margi Mahardika ◽

Sri Agus Sudjarwo ◽

Setiawan Koesdarto

Keyword(s):

Exposure Time ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Fasciola Gigantica ◽

Ocimum Sanctum ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Range Test ◽

Lc50 And Lc90

The aims of this research are to know the concentration, exposure time and interaction between concentration and exposure time of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves ethanol extract which cause the most mortality toward Fasciola gigantica. Also to know its value of LC50 and LC90. The research was completely randomized design. There were five treatments. Each treatment was done in four replications and used 10 Fasciola gigantica. The observation and recording of dead Fasciola gigantica were done at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 hours. Fasciola gigantica were declared dead if there was no movement when disturbed by anatomy tweezers and when dipped in slightly warm water (50ºC). The obtained data was analyzed using ANOVA Factorial and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test. The result was 10% concentration and exposure time for 10 hours caused the most mortality toward Fasciola gigantica. However, the interaction between concentration and exposure time resulted that 5% concentration for 8 hours already caused the most mortality of Fasciola gigantica. Probit analysis was used to calculate the LC50 and LC90. The results were LC50 of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves ethanol extract was 7.9% at 4 hours, 3.7% at 6 hours, 1.8% at 8 hours and 0.8% at 10 hours and the LC90 was 8.4% at 10 hours. Key words: Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves, Fasciola gigantica, ethanol extract, in vitro.

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GC-MS Analysis and Inhibitory Evaluation of Terminalia catappa Leaf Extracts on Major Enzymes Linked to Diabetes

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/6316231 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Franklyn Nonso Iheagwam ◽

Emmanuel Nsedu Israel ◽

Kazeem Oyindamola Kayode ◽

Opeyemi Christianah De Campos ◽

Olubanke Olujoke Ogunlana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amylase Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Binding Pocket ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Autodock Vina ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Terminalia Catappa ◽

Southwest Nigeria

Terminalia catappa leaves are used in managing both diabetes mellitus and its complications in Southwest Nigeria. However, its inhibitory activity on enzymes implicated in diabetes is not very clear. This study investigated the in vitro inhibitory properties and mode of inhibition of T. catappa leaf extracts on enzymes associated with diabetes. The study also identified some bioactive compounds as well as their molecular interaction in the binding pocket of these enzymes. Standard enzyme inhibition and kinetics assays were performed to determine the inhibitory effects of aqueous extract (TCA) and ethanol extract (TCE) of T. catappa leaves on α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities. The phytoconstituents of TCA and TCE were determined using GC-MS. Molecular docking of the phytocompounds was performed using Autodock Vina. TCA and TCE were the most potent inhibitors of α-glucosidase (IC50 = 3.28 ± 0.47 mg/mL) and α-amylase (IC50 = 0.24 ± 0.08 mg/mL), respectively. Both extracts displayed a mixed mode of inhibition on α-amylase activity, while mixed and noncompetitive modes of inhibition were demonstrated by TCA and TCE, respectively, on α-glucosidase activity. The GC-MS analytic chromatogram revealed the presence of 24 and 22 compounds in TCE and TCA, respectively, which were identified mainly as phenolic compounds, terpenes/terpenoids, fatty acids, and other phytochemicals. The selected compounds exhibited favourable interactions with the enzymes compared with acarbose. Overall, the inhibitory effect of T. catappa on α-amylase and α-glucosidase may be ascribed to the synergistic action of its rich phenolic and terpene composition giving credence to the hypoglycaemic nature of T. catappa leaves.

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Extraction and Fractionation Effects on Antiplasmodial Activity and Phytochemical Composition of Palicourea hoffmannseggiana

Planta Medica International Open ◽

10.1055/a-1375-6456 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (01) ◽

pp. e34-e42

Author(s):

Leticia Hiromi Ohashi ◽

Douglas Costa Gontijo ◽

Maria Fernanda Alves do Nascimento ◽

Luciano Ferreira Margalho ◽

Geraldo Célio Brandão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Scale Up ◽

Indole Alkaloid ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Parasite Growth ◽

In Vitro Activity ◽

Acid Base ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Leaf Powder

AbstractThe present study on Palicourea hoffmannseggiana, which was collected at Marapanim, state of Pará, Brazil, comprises the preparation of different stem and leaf extracts and fractions. Ethanol, hydroethanol, and water extracts were prepared by several methods and evaluated for in vitro activity against resistant Plasmodium falciparum (W2 strain), disclosing a low parasite growth inhibition effect (< 50%). Dereplication by UPLC-DAD-ESI−MS of the leaf ethanol extract showed the presence of two known alkaloids, lyalosidic and strictosidinic acids, along with a sinapoyl ester of lyalosidic acid, with m/z 719.33 [M+H]+, which is possibly a new monoterpene indole alkaloid representative. Sequential liquid-liquid acid-base alkaloid separations from the leaf ethanol extract as well as directly from leaf powder afforded fractions of increased parasite growth inhibition, reaching up to 92.5±0.7%. The most bioactive fractions were shown to contain the β-carboline alkaloids harmane and 4-methyl-β-carboline, along with N-methyl-tryptamine and N-acetyl-tryptamine, while monoterpene indole alkaloids were detected in inactive fractions of these processes. The present results demonstrate that these preliminary fractionation methods can lead to significantly active fractions supporting an adequate scale-up to carrying out the isolation of anti-plasmodial compounds.

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Antibiotic sensitivity and in vitro antimicrobial activity of plant extracts to pseudomonas fluorescens isolates collected from diseased fish

International Journal of Natural Sciences ◽

10.3329/ijns.v1i4.9733 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 82-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

MJ Foysal ◽

MM Rahman ◽

M Alam

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Medicinal Plant Extracts

Studies were conducted to identify Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates from a collection of bacteria isolated from bacterial haemorrhagic septicaemia infected carp and catfish, evaluate their antibiotic sensitivity pattern and screen the antibacterial activity of some medicinal plant extracts against the isolates.. A total of 10 isolates were identified as P. fluorescens by morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity test of the P. fluorescens isolates were conducted by disc diffusion method for seven antibiotics where, all of the isolates were found to be sensitive only against streptomycin and gentamycin but, most of the isolates (80%) were found resistant to chloramphenicol (C). Moreover, eighty percent of the isolates showed resistance to multiple antibiotics. A total of 118 plant extracts were screened for their antibacterial activity against the P. fluorescens isolates where the isolates exhibited sensitivity to 30 samples. Leaf extracts of Tamarindus indicus, Terminalia chebula, Citrus aurantifolia, Eugenia caryophyllata and Spondias pinnata were found to inhibit the growth of all of the P. fluorescens isolates. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijns.v1i4.9733 IJNS 2011 1(4): 82-88

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TRANSFERSOME GEL FORMULATION OF AN ETHANOL EXTRACT OF APPLES (MALUS DOMESTICA MILL) CONTAINING ANTIOXIDANTS AND IN VITRO PENETRATION TESTING USING FRANZ DIFFUSION CELLS

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2017.v9s1.19_24 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 32 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nurarita Fadila Zesiorani ◽

Effionora Anwar

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Extract ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Diffusion Cells ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Apple Peel ◽

Franz Diffusion Cells ◽

Drug Efficiency ◽

And Control ◽

Peel Extract

Objective: This study aims to formulate and characterize a transfersome apple peel extract, formulate it into a gel, and compare it with a control gelmade without transfersome.Methods: Both gels were evaluated, stability tested, and penetration tested using Franz diffusion cells on the skin of female Sprague-Dawley rats. Thetransfersome preparations were formulated with different concentrations of the active substance, quercetin: 0.5% (F1); 0.7% (F2), and 1.0% (F3).Results: Based on the characterization results, F1 was selected as the optimum gel formulation because it had spherical morphology, a Dmean volume of106.44±2.70 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.078±0.01, a zeta potential of −49.96±2.05 mV, and a drug efficiency entrapment percentage of 78.78±0.46%.The cumulative amount of quercetin that was penetrated with the transfersome gel was 1514.41±26.31 μg/cm2, whereas the penetration with thecontrol gel extract was 1133.62±18.96 μg/cm2. The cumulative percentages of the penetrated gel transfersome and gel extract were 78.40±1.89%and 49.89±0.88%, respectively. The fluxes of transfersome gel and control gel extract were 52.33±0.11 μg/cm²/hrs and 40.89±0.68 μg/cm²/hrs,respectively.Conclusions: Based on these results, it can be concluded that the gel with transfersome exhibited better penetration than the gel extract alone.

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Anti-allergic Activity of 70% Ethanol Extract of Strawberries in Ovalbumin Induced Male Mice

Jurnal Jamu Indonesia ◽

10.29244/jji.v5i3.167 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 92-97

Author(s):

Siska ◽

Diene Roufiani ◽

Ema Dewanti

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Antiallergic Activity ◽

Group Iii ◽

Skin Contact ◽

Group I ◽

And Control ◽

Control Group Group

Anaphylaxis is the most common allergic reaction triggered by allergens such as insect poisons, food, and drugs through skin contact, injection, or inhalation. In vitro previous research showed that strawberries fruit have activity as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammation, and anti-allergic. The research aimed to determine the antianaphylaxis strawberry fruit extract in mice (Balb/C strain) with ovalbumin-induced. Twenty-four Balb/C strain mice were divided into six groups (n=4). Group I and II as a normal and control group. Group III till VI as a treatment group was given cetirizine dose 0.042 mg/20 g BW and strawberry extract doses 0,68; 1,36; and 2,72 mg/20 g BW, respectively. This research showed that 70 % of ethanol extract of strawberries fruit have antiallergic activity in response to active cutaneous anaphylaxis. 70% ethanol extract of strawberries doses 2.72 mg/20 g BW had similar antiallergic activity compare with cetirizine. The conclusion of this study showed that strawberries fruit extract could be developed as an alternative medicine to anti-anaphylaxis or anti-allergic.

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Burdock (Arctium lappa) Leaf Extracts Increase the In Vitro Antimicrobial Efficacy of Common Antibiotics on Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2017-0012 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 92-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lucia Pirvu ◽

Isabela Nicorescu ◽

Cristina Hlevca ◽

Bujor Albu ◽

Valentin Nicorescu

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Polyphenol Compounds ◽

Arctium Lappa ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Polar Extracts

AbstractThis work aimed to study the potential effects of four Arctii folium extracts, 5 mg gallic [GAE] acid equivalents per 1 mL sample, on six antibiotics (Ampicillin/AM, Tetracycline/TE, Ciprofloxacin/CIP, Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim/SXT, Chloramphenicol/C and Gentamicin/CN) tested on four Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228) and five Gram-negative (Proteus mirabilis ATCC 29245, Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, E. coli ATCC 11229, E. coli ATCC 8739, and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778) bacteria. Arctii folium extracts were the whole ethanol extract/W and subsequent ethyl acetate/EA, aqueous/AQ, and chloroform/CHL fractions. Chemical qualitative analysis (HPTLC method) emphasized five main polyphenol compounds in Arctii folium polar extracts: chlorogenic acid (Rf≈0.52/0.55) and its isomer, 1,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (Rf≈0.90/0.92), plus cynarin (Rf≈0.77), hyperoside (Rf≈0.68/0.64) and isoquercitrin (Rf≈0.69/0.71). Microbiological screening indicated Arctii folium polar extracts (AQ and W) efficacy on S. epidermidis ATCC 12228; the MIC values were in the range of common antibiotics, being 32 and 128 μg GAE per mL sample respectively. The unpredictable effects (stimulatory or inhibitory) of Arctii folium extracts in combination with typical antibiotics as well as a potential use of the whole ethanol extract/W for restoring the antimicrobial potency of susceptible antibiotics have also been evidenced.

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Anthelmintic Activity Ethanol Extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. Leaves Against Ascaridia galli In Vitro

Journal of Parasite Science ◽

10.20473/jops.v2i1.16380 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Vanna Lidya Kharisma ◽

Setiawan Koesdarto ◽

Koesnoto Supriandono ◽

Lucia Tri Suwanti ◽

Sri Agus Sudjarwo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exposure Time ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Ocimum Sanctum ◽

Ascaridia Galli ◽

Time Interaction ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Lc50 And Lc90

The aims of this research are to determine concentration, exposure time, interaction between concentration and exposure time of ethanol extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. Leaves to cause death toward Ascaridia galli in vitro, and the value of LC50 and LC90 ethanol extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. Leaves. Research design that has been used in the research was completely randomized design. This research used 200 samples of Ascaridia galli with length 7-11 cm without differentiating their sex. The concentration ethanol extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves were 1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%. The control was using CMC-Na 0.5%. Each treatment then being replicated four times. The observation and recording of dead worm were done at 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours. Ascaridia galli were declared dead if there was no movement while disturbed by anatomy tweezers and dipped in slightly warm water (50ºC). The obtained data was analyzed using Anova Factorial and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test by SPSS for Windows 22. The result were 10% concentration and exposure time for 24 hours caused the most mortality toward Ascaridia galli. Interaction between concentration and exposure time resulted 10% concentration ethanol extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves in 24 hours caused the most mortality towards Ascaridia galli. Probit analysis was used to calculate the LC50 and LC90 of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves. The results were LC50 ethanol extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves at 6 hours was 14.8%, at 12 hours was 4.8% and at 24 hours was 3.0% and the LC90 at 24 hours was 9.1%.

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