The Anthelmintic Activity Of Etanol Extract of Porang Tubers Against Fasciola gigantica In Vitro

This study aims to determine the anthelmintic activity ethanol extract of porang tubers (A. oncophillus) against F. gigantica worms in vitro. There were five treatments and each treatment was done in five replications and used 10 F. gigantica. The treatments of this research were K- with CMC Na 1%, K+ with Albendazole 2.4 mg/ml, P1 with extract concentration 5%, P2 with extract concentration 10%, P3 with extract concentration 20%. The results showed that the extract of Porang tuber (A. oncophillus) had an anthelmintic effect against F. gigantica worms in vitro. In the extract with a concentration of 20%, there were anthelmintic properties that almost the same as Albendazole. The higher the extract concentration, the higher the anthelmintic properties. The longer the immersion time, the higher the number of dead worms. The morphological changes was evaluated by light microscopic examination and the results showed many histopathological changes on the morphology of F. gigantica. The results indicate that the possible use of the tubers as a potential anthelmintic against F. gigantica.

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Test the Activity of the Juice and Infusion of Rumput Kebar (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch) againts Ascaridia galli worms in Vitro

Jurnal Sain Veteriner ◽

10.22146/jsv.48550 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Isti Widayati ◽

Dwi Nurhayati ◽

Alnita Baaka

Keyword(s):

Immersion Time ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Ascaridia Galli ◽

Active Compounds ◽

Biophytum Petersianum ◽

Mean Time ◽

Anthelmintic Effect

Kebar grass contains active compounds that can be used as herbal ingredients in the treatment of diseases. This study was conducted to test the anthelmintic activity of grass kebar against worms Ascaridia galli in vitro. This study uses Kebar grass juice and infusion with a concentration of 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%, and 4 repetitions. Each level of the experiment is placed in each cup containing 25 ml of solution and 5 worms. Worm mortality is recorded every 2 hours. The results showed that the juice and infusion of kebar grass were concentrations of 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% capable of killing worms with a mean time on the juice of Kebar grass respectively 9.5; 8; 7.5; 7 hours, and the average time for Kebar grass infusion is 9.5; 8.5; 8; 7.5 hours. The immersion time is a good variable to explain the variable of worm death at each concentration of treatment. There is an anthelmintic effect on grass juice and infuse kebar grass against worms Ascaridia galli in vitro. The duration of soaking and the concentration of juice and infusion of Kebar grass in this study had a significant effect on the mortality of worms. It was concluded that the juice and grass infuse kebar(Biophytum Petersianum Klotzsch) have anthelmintic effect against worms Ascaridia galli in vitro. Concentration Kebar grass juice and infuse kebar is increasing, then the shorter the time it takes to kill the worms Ascaridia galli in vitro.

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The in vitro anthelmintic activity of the ethanol leaf extracts of Terminalia catappa L. on Fasciola gigantica

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182017001445 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 144 (14) ◽

pp. 1931-1942 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

PANAT ANURACPREEDA ◽

RUNGLAWAN CHAWENGKIRTTIKUL ◽

ARIN NGAMNIYOM ◽

BUSABA PANYARACHUN ◽

PANUPONG PUTTARAK ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Fasciola Gigantica ◽

Rapid Rate ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Terminalia Catappa ◽

Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽

Incubation Periods ◽

And Control

SUMMARYAt present, there are no medicinal plant extracts currently available for treatment and control of fasciolosis. The present work could provide, for the first study, conclusions on the in vitro fasciolicidal properties of the ethanol extract of Terminalia catappa L. (TcCE) leaves against adult Fasciola gigantica after incubation with RPMI-1640 medium containing the TcCE at various concentrations and times when compared with triclabendazole (TCZ). The relative motility and survival index values of the TcCE-treated flukes decreased at a more rapid rate than the TCZ-treated flukes. The death of the parasites was observed after exposed to TcCE at 3 h incubation with 400, 800 and 1000 µg mL−1, and at 6 h incubation in 100 and 200 µg mL−1. Vacuolization, blebbings and partial disruption on the parasites’ tegument were observed by light microscopy. When examined by scanning electron microscopy, TcCE caused similar tegumental alterations in the parasites as those observed in TCZ treatment but with larger damage at comparative incubation periods, consisting of swelling, blebbing, disrupted blebs, loss of spines, leading to the erosion, lesion and eventual disruption of the total tegument. Therefore, the TcCE may exert its fasciolicidal effect against F. gigantica by initially causing the tegumental alteration.

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Anthelmintic Activity of Ocimum sanctum Linn. Leaves Ethanol Extract Against Fasciola gigantica in vitro

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v3i6.1135 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 266

Author(s):

Mesia Margi Mahardika ◽

Sri Agus Sudjarwo ◽

Setiawan Koesdarto

Keyword(s):

Exposure Time ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Fasciola Gigantica ◽

Ocimum Sanctum ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Range Test ◽

Lc50 And Lc90

The aims of this research are to know the concentration, exposure time and interaction between concentration and exposure time of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves ethanol extract which cause the most mortality toward Fasciola gigantica. Also to know its value of LC50 and LC90. The research was completely randomized design. There were five treatments. Each treatment was done in four replications and used 10 Fasciola gigantica. The observation and recording of dead Fasciola gigantica were done at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 hours. Fasciola gigantica were declared dead if there was no movement when disturbed by anatomy tweezers and when dipped in slightly warm water (50ºC). The obtained data was analyzed using ANOVA Factorial and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test. The result was 10% concentration and exposure time for 10 hours caused the most mortality toward Fasciola gigantica. However, the interaction between concentration and exposure time resulted that 5% concentration for 8 hours already caused the most mortality of Fasciola gigantica. Probit analysis was used to calculate the LC50 and LC90. The results were LC50 of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves ethanol extract was 7.9% at 4 hours, 3.7% at 6 hours, 1.8% at 8 hours and 0.8% at 10 hours and the LC90 was 8.4% at 10 hours. Key words: Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves, Fasciola gigantica, ethanol extract, in vitro.

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Essential Oils and Their Bioactive Compounds in the Control of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Small Ruminants

Acta Scientiae Veterinariae ◽

10.22456/1679-9216.81804 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Weibson Paz Pinheiro André ◽

Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro ◽

Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira ◽

Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo ◽

Fernanda Cristina Macedo Rondon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Small Ruminant ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

In Vivo Tests ◽

Anthelmintic Effect

Background: Gastrointestinal nematodes are one of the major health and economic problem of sheep and goats in the world. The control of these nematodes is carried out conventionally with synthetic anthelminths, which favored the selection of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) populations multiresistant to anthelmintics. The emergence of anthelmintic resistance has stimulated the search for new alternatives to control small ruminant GIN, standing out the use of plants and their bioactives compounds, such as essential oils (EO). The objective of this review was to present the main characteristics and anthelmintic activity of EO, their isolated compounds and drug delivery systems in the control of GIN.Review: Essential oils are a complex blend of bioactive compounds with volatile, lipophilic, usually odoriferous and liquid substances. EO are composed of terpenes, terpenoids, aromatic and aliphatic constituents. EO has various pharmacological activities of interest in preventive veterinary medicine such as antibacterials, antifungals, anticoccicids, insecticides and anthelmintics. In vitro and in vivo tests are used to validate the anthelmintic activity of EO on GIN. In vitro tests are low cost screening tests that allow the evaluation of the anthelmintic activity of a large amount of bioactive compounds on eggs, first (L1) and third stage larvae (L3), and adult nematodes. The antiparasitic effect of EO is related to its main compound or to the interaction of the compounds. These bioactive compounds penetrate the cuticle of the nematodes by transcuticular diffusion, altering the mechanisms of locomotion, besides causing cuticular lesions. Following in vitro evaluation, the acute and sub-chronic toxicity test should be performed to assess the toxicity of the bioactive compounds and to define the dose to be used in in vivo tests. In vivo tests are more reliable because the anthelmintic effectiveness of bioactive compounds is evaluated after the metabolization process. The metabolization process of the bioactive compounds can generate metabolites that exhibit or not anthelmintic effectiveness. The in vivo tests assessing the anthelmintic effectiveness of bioactive compounds in sheep and goats are the fecal egg count reduction test and the controlled test. OE promoted reduction of egg elimination in faeces which may be related to cuticular and reproductive alterations in GIN, and reduction of parasite burden in in vivo tests. Due to the promising results obtained with OE in the in vivo tests, interest has been aroused in using nanotechnology as an alternative to increase the bioavailability of OE and consequently, potentializing its anthelmintic effect, reducing the dose and toxicity of the biocompounds. In addition to nanotechnology, the isolation and chemical modification of compounds isolated from OE have been employed to obtain new molecules with anthelmintic action and understand the mechanism of action of EO on the small ruminant GIN.Conclusion: The use of EO and their compound bioactive in the control of resistant populations of GIN is a promising alternative. The adoption of strategies in which natural products can replace synthetic anthelmintics, such as in dry periods and use synthetic anthelmintics in the rainy season when the population in refugia in the pasture is high, thus reducing the dissemination of GIN resistant populations. As perspective, the evaluation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these natural products should be performed so that one defines treatment protocols that optimize the anthelmintic effect.

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IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC AND ANTI-AMYLASE PROPERTIES OF GARCINIA PEDUNCULATA ROXB. ETHANOLIC EXTRACT

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i1.15395 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 189

Author(s):

Pinky Sarmah ◽

Nako Kobing ◽

Jyotchna Gogoi ◽

Ananta Madhab Dutta

Keyword(s):

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Death Time ◽

Control Sets ◽

Point Analysis ◽

Soxhlet Apparatus ◽

And Control

Objective: The present study aims to investigate in vitro anthelmintic and anti-amylase properties of the ethanolic fruit extract of Garcinia pedunculata.Methods: For the study, mature fruits of G. pedunculata were collected from local markets during April-May. Fleshy pericarps of fruits were chopped into small pieces, dried and extracted by using a Soxhlet apparatus. Ethanol extract of G. pedunculata was used for evaluation of in vitro anthelmintic and anti-amylase activities. In vitro anthelmintic activity was evaluated in animal models, Pheretima posthuma, an earthworm species. In vitro anti-amylase activity was evaluated by using zymographic, achromic point analysis (Starch-Iodine method) and spectrophotometric method [Di Nitro Salicylic acid (DNS)–Maltose method].Results: Ethanolic extract of G. pedunculata showed anthelmintic activity at a concentration of 75 mg/ml, paralysis and death timing was reported at 0.62±0.26 min and 1.42±0.07 min, respectively. The reference standard (Albendazole) showed paralysis time: 2.13±0.28 min and death time: 5.12±0.29 min. In the anti-amylase study, a zymographic density analysis of G. pedunculata showed significant variation in band intensity as compared to Starch–Iodine achromic point analysis and DNS–Maltose method. A concentration of 1.5 mg/ml of extract showed inhibition of amylase: 67.65±1.53 % as compared to other concentrations and control sets.Conclusion: It could be concluded that ethanolic extract of G. pedunculatahas biological properties which could be utilised in medicine by characterising its bioactive components.

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Anthelmintic Activity Ethanol Extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. Leaves Against Ascaridia galli In Vitro

Journal of Parasite Science ◽

10.20473/jops.v2i1.16380 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Vanna Lidya Kharisma ◽

Setiawan Koesdarto ◽

Koesnoto Supriandono ◽

Lucia Tri Suwanti ◽

Sri Agus Sudjarwo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exposure Time ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Ocimum Sanctum ◽

Ascaridia Galli ◽

Time Interaction ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Lc50 And Lc90

The aims of this research are to determine concentration, exposure time, interaction between concentration and exposure time of ethanol extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. Leaves to cause death toward Ascaridia galli in vitro, and the value of LC50 and LC90 ethanol extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. Leaves. Research design that has been used in the research was completely randomized design. This research used 200 samples of Ascaridia galli with length 7-11 cm without differentiating their sex. The concentration ethanol extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves were 1.25%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%. The control was using CMC-Na 0.5%. Each treatment then being replicated four times. The observation and recording of dead worm were done at 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours. Ascaridia galli were declared dead if there was no movement while disturbed by anatomy tweezers and dipped in slightly warm water (50ºC). The obtained data was analyzed using Anova Factorial and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test by SPSS for Windows 22. The result were 10% concentration and exposure time for 24 hours caused the most mortality toward Ascaridia galli. Interaction between concentration and exposure time resulted 10% concentration ethanol extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves in 24 hours caused the most mortality towards Ascaridia galli. Probit analysis was used to calculate the LC50 and LC90 of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves. The results were LC50 ethanol extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaves at 6 hours was 14.8%, at 12 hours was 4.8% and at 24 hours was 3.0% and the LC90 at 24 hours was 9.1%.

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In-Vitro Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract of Permot Leaf (Passiflora foetida Linn.) Towards Mortality of Rhipicephalus sanguineus Larvae

Journal of Parasite Science ◽

10.20473/jops.v4i2.29155 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Intan Nurcahya ◽

Ratna Damayanti ◽

Iwan Sahrial Hamid ◽

Agus Wijaya

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Extract ◽

Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽

Probit Analysis ◽

Lethal Concentration ◽

Extract Concentration ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Lethal Time ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Passiflora Foetida

This study had three fold objective which were finding the effectiveness of ethanol extract of permot leaf (Passiflora foetida Linn.) towards mortality of Rhpicephalus sanguineus (R. sanguineus) larvae in vitro and also identifying lethal concentration and lethal time. Completely randomized design was used with six treatments and four replications. Five R. sanguineus were used in the treatment for all replication. The observation of mortality was done every ten minutes in five hours. Rhpicephalus sanguineus larvae were dead if there was no movement. The collected data was analyzed using ANOVA factorial and followed by Duncan’s test. The obtained data showed that ethanol extract of permot’s leaf ethanol extract was effective toward mortality of R. sanguineus larvae in vitro. The suspension of 10% extract concentration of permot leaf ethanol extract has a similar effectiveness as Noticks®. Probit analysis stated that LC50 can be reached by using the 4% concentration in two hours and 2.4% concentration in five hours. LC95 can be reached by using the 6.5% concentration in two hours and 3.93% concentration in five hours. The quickest LT50 can be reached in 0.91 hours and LT95 2.37 hours after treatment with 10% concentration.

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UJI EFEK ANTELMINTIK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PINANG YAKI (Areca vestiaria) TERHADAP CACING GELANG (Ascaris lumbricoides) SECARA IN VITRO

PHARMACON ◽

10.35799/pha.8.2019.29313 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 457

Author(s):

Tirza Roring ◽

Herny E. I. Simbala ◽

Edwin De Queljoe

Keyword(s):

Cell Membrane ◽

Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽

Endemic Species ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Whitney Test ◽

Post Test ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Anthelmintic Effect

ABSTRACT Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria) is an endemic species of Sulawesi palm, which has unique characteristics that have been used as medicine , to treat various. Ethanol extracts of pinang yaki leaves contains tannin compounds that can inhibit the work of enzymes, interfere with digestive metabolic processes, and damage the worm cell membrane. This study aims to determine the anthelmintic effect of ethanol extract of pinang yaki leaves obtained from the Tomohon area against roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides). The sample was extracted by maceration method using ethanol solvent. The test used ethanol extracts f pinang yaki leaves with a concentration of 5%, 10%, and 20%, respectively. The worms were incubated at a temperature of 37ºC, and examined for 24 hours at 6 hour intervals. The number of lysis worms and paralysis was recorded every 6 hours and the data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test and continued using the Mann Whitney test. The results showed an anthelmintic effect of ethanol extracts of pinang yaki leaves on roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides) in vitro.Keywords : Anthelmintic, Ethanol extracts of areca leaf, Areca vestiaria, Ascaris lumbricoides ABSTRAK Pinang Yaki (Areca vestiaria) merupakan jenis palem endemik Sulawesi yang memiliki karakteristik yang unik telah dimanfaatkan sebagai obat, untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit. Ekstrak etanol daun pinang yaki mengandung senyawa tanin yang dapat menghambat kerja enzim, mengganggu proses metabolisme pencernaan, serta merusak membran sel cacing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya efek antelmintik dari ekstrak etanol daun pinang yaki yang diperoleh dari daerah Tomohon terhadap cacing gelang (Ascaris lumbricoides). Sampel diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol. Metode penelitian ini ialah eksperimen laboratorium dengan desain post test only control group. Pengujian menggunakan ekstrak etanol daun pinang yaki dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10%, dan 20%. Cacing diinkubasi pada suhu 37ºC, dan diteliti selama 24 jam dengan interval waktu 6 jam. Jumlah cacing lisis dan paralisis dicatat setiap 6 jam dan selanjutnya data dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis dan dilanjutkan menggunakan uji Man Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya efek antelmintik dari ekstrak etanol daun pinang yaki terhadap cacing gelang (Ascaris lumbricoides) secara in vitro. Kata kunci : Antelmintik, Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pinang Yaki, Areca vestiaria, Ascaris lumbricoides

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In vitro anthelmintic activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Paraserianthes falcataria bark waste against Haemonchus contortus obtained from a local slaughterhouse in Indonesia

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2020.1549-1554 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1549-1554

Author(s):

Zein Ahmad Baihaqi ◽

Irkham Widiyono ◽

Wisnu Nurcahyo

Keyword(s):

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

The Body ◽

Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽

Petri Dishes ◽

Ethanol Extracts

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the anthelmintic activity of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Paraserianthes falcataria bark against Haemonchus contortus. Materials and Methods: Ethanol extract of bark (E.E.B.) waste and aqueous extract of bark (A.E.B.) waste of P. falcataria (at concentrations 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1, 2.5, and 5%) and albendazole (2 mg/ml) as the positive control were placed in separate Petri dishes (50 mm). Twenty H. contortus worms were placed in Petri dishes and incubated at 37°C for 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 12 h. Mortality of each worm was ensured by pressing the body of the worm with a pair of tweezers and keeping it in lukewarm water for 5 min before declaring it dead. Mortality is defined as amount of death individuals and time of mortality of each worm was recorded. The parasites were then observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at an accelerating voltage of 15 Kv. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0 software, two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test to detect significant differences (p<0.05). The result was expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. Results: The E.E.B. and A.E.B. of P. falcataria contained active compounds, such as tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, steroid, and triterpenoid. E.E.B. had a higher content of phenol, while A.E.B. had a higher content of flavonoid. In this study, P. falcataria showed a significant effect (p=0.00) on H. contortus in vitro. E.E.B. (0.8%) was able to exterminate H. contortus completely after 6 h, more effective than A.E.B. (5%) while the positive control requires (2 mg/ml) after 2 h. SEM analysis of the worm treated with E.E.B. and A.E.B. showed damaged cuticle structure. Conclusion: The aqueous and ethanol extracts of P. falcataria bark waste demonstrated anthelmintic activity against H. contortus.

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Anthelmintic activity of plants against gastrointestinal nematodes of goats: a review

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182019000672 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 146 (10) ◽

pp. 1233-1246 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Francianne Oliveira Santos ◽

Amanda Ponce Morais Cerqueira ◽

Alexsandro Branco ◽

Maria José Moreira Batatinha ◽

Mariana Borges Botura

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Free Living ◽

Anthelmintic Effect

AbstractThe gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) stand out as an important cause of disease in small ruminant, especially on goat farm. Widespread resistance to synthetic anthelminthics has stimulated the research for alternative strategies of parasite control, including the use of medicinal plants. The present work summarizes the in vitro and in vivo studies of plants with activity against GIN of goats, focusing on the description of chemical constituents related to this effect. This review retrieved 56 scientific articles from 2008 to 2018 describing more than 100 different plant species. The most frequently investigated family was Fabaceae (30.7%). Most in vitro studies on the activity of plant extracts and fractions were carried out with of free-living stages nematodes. In vivo studies were conducted mainly with the use of plants in animal feed and generally showed lower effectiveness compared to in vitro assays. The main plant secondary metabolites associated with anthelmintic effect are condensed tannins, saponin and flavonoids. However, the studies with compounds isolated from plants and elucidation of their mechanisms of action are scarce. Herbal medicines are thought to be promising sources for the development of effective anthelmintic agents.

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