Clay minerals in response to the Pleistocene climate change on the Yermak Plateau, Arctic Ocean (ODP, Site 911)

Polar Record ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (206) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattiina Ruikka ◽  
Kari Strand
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ocean Drilling Program ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Pleistocene Climate ◽  
Cyclic Changes

AbstractThe Arctic plays an important role in controlling the Earth's climate and ocean circulation. Studies of past climate conditions in high latitudes are important to understand this role more precisely. Clay mineralogy of sediments was detected to be comparative with cyclic changes in climatic conditions during the past 0.8 Ma in the northernmost Atlantic-Arctic gateway (Ocean Drilling Program, Site 911). Clay minerals are transported by sea ice, icebergs, glaciofluvially, or by ocean currents. Smectite is assumed to be transported predominantly during interglacial periods. Its content decreases from about 0.4 Ma to the present, which may indicate lesser eroded smectite in the provenance area, assumed to be mostly in the Laptev Sea. Illite is due to erosion from Svalbard during glacial periods, and shows a negative correlation with smectite. Chlorite is not a good climate indicator because of its high frequency in the northern regions. Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa (Franz Josef Land) is the most likely source area of kaolinite and the output seems to have slightly increased from 0.5 to 0.4 Ma. The correlation of kaolinite and chlorite means coincidental sedimentation. Kaolinite and chlorite are negatively correlated with illite, which indicates transportation during the more open ocean conditions that prevailed between repeated Pleistocene glaciations.

scholarly journals Paleocene-Eocene volcanic segmentation of the Norwegian-Greenland seaway reorganized high-latitude ocean circulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussi Hovikoski ◽  
Michael B. W. Fyhn ◽  
Henrik Nøhr-Hansen ◽  
John R. Hopper ◽  
Steven Andrews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Subaerial Exposure ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Volcanic Facies

AbstractThe paleoenvironmental and paleogeographic development of the Norwegian–Greenland seaway remains poorly understood, despite its importance for the oceanographic and climatic conditions of the Paleocene–Eocene greenhouse world. Here we present analyses of the sedimentological and paleontological characteristics of Paleocene–Eocene deposits (between 63 and 47 million years old) in northeast Greenland, and investigate key unconformities and volcanic facies observed through seismic reflection imaging in offshore basins. We identify Paleocene–Eocene uplift that culminated in widespread regression, volcanism, and subaerial exposure during the Ypresian. We reconstruct the paleogeography of the northeast Atlantic–Arctic region and propose that this uplift led to fragmentation of the Norwegian–Greenland seaway during this period. We suggest that the seaway became severely restricted between about 56 and 53 million years ago, effectively isolating the Arctic from the Atlantic ocean during the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum and the early Eocene.

scholarly journals Establishment of production of special wheel and track technology for extreme natural-climate conditions of the Arctic

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 02096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex S. Diakov ◽  
George O. Kotiev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Transport Problems ◽  
Natural Climate

The complex natural and climatic conditions of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZ of the RF) make it necessary to put forward special requirements for all types of ground equipment used to solve transport problems in this region. At present, the increase in economic costs in the operation of machinery is primarily due to the mismatch of the design of the vehicles used in the climatic zone. A set of measures for land transport that allows to ensure the socio-economic development of the AZ RF.

scholarly journals Energy modeling of a single-family house with photovoltaics for the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 01016
Author(s):  
Dmitry Shiryaev ◽  
Andrey Benuzh
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Energy Modeling ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Family House

Residential sector in Russia makes up a significant part in the total energy demand of the country. The article demonstrates sensible energy saving potential in case of a single-family house in different climate conditions of the Russian Federation. Modern tools of building energy performance simulation and renewable energy modeling demonstrated a significant effect of the complex energy efficiency technologies, such as using of modern highly insulated constructional materials, installation of efficient heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, and implementation of sustainable energy. Annual energy use dramatically declines in comparing with buildings built according to outdated technologies. In particular, the use of photovoltaic modules can meet more than half of the building's energy demand and ensure the autonomy of a building during the warm season. These values differ depending on the location due to the large territory and diverse climatic conditions from the Mediterranean in the south to the Arctic ones in the north.

Clay Mineralogy of Selected Clays from the English Wealden

1962 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Tank
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Mineral Assemblage ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Layer Structures ◽  
Clay Mineral Assemblage

AbstractX-ray analyses of selected samples from the argillaceous subdivisions of the English Wealden indicate that illite, kaolinite, and mixed-layer structures are present in variable amounts. The clay mineral assemblage is thought to reflect parent material, weathering conditions in the source area, and possibly some degrading of the illite structure by the action of active waters in the depositional environment. The specific clay minerals are tentatively correlated with the palaeogeographical framework proposed by Allen (1954). It is suggested that the kaolinite was derived mainly from the Palaeozoic uplands, and the bulk of the illite and mixed-layer structures from the marginal Jurassic lowland.

Clay-Mineral Assemblages from Late Quaternary Deposits on Vancouver Island, Southwestern British Columbia, Canada

1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrand Blaise
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Glacial Deposits ◽  
Mineral Contents

AbstractOn Vancouver Island, the Dashwood Drift, Cowichan Head Formation, Quadra Sand, and Vashon Drift were deposited during late Pleistocene glacial and interstadial periods and show large variations in clay-mineral contents partly related to changing climatic conditions. Glacial deposits are characterized by iron-rich chlorite, illite (both well crystallized), and smectite with a morphology reflecting rapid derivation from volcanic rocks. The clay mineralogy of nonglacial deposits is more complex, and is marked by the presence of vermiculite, kaolinite, halloysite, and irregular mixed-layer minerals. Nonglacial clay minerals are poorly preserved and show a higher state of alteration due to pedogenesis. Large variations in nonglacial deposits compared to glacial deposits are also due to secondary factors such as selective sorting, soil and rock source variations, differences in sedimentary environment, and diagenesis. These secondary factors do not seem to obliterate significantly the climatic imprint on the clay minerals. These studies also permit the recognition of glacially reworked sediments, the determination of relationships between two units in the same section, and the establishment of the conditions of clay-mineral formation.

scholarly journals Source Area Weathering, Paleo-Environment and Paleo-Climatic Conditions of Soils from Bitumen Rich Ode Irele Area of Ondo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Romanus Ayoola Obasi ◽  
Henry Y. Madukwe ◽  
Temitope Olaosun
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Anoxic Environments ◽  
Chemical Index ◽  
Ondo State

The study is aimed at determining the source-weathering, paleo-redox and paleoclimatic conditions of soil from Ode Irele area of Ondo State, Nigeria. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and the Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry ICP-MS) analyses wereusd to determine the major, trace and rare earth element compositios used for the study. The Chemical index of alteration (CIA), Chemical index of weathering (CIW), Plagioclase index of alteration (PIA), Mineralogical index of alteration (MIA), Th/U nd a plot of CIA against Al2O3 as well as the A-CN-K Ternary diagram suggest a high degree of weathering of the source rocks. The positive correlation between Al2O3 with TiO2, K2O, Fe2O3 and MgO implies that they occur in clay minerals formed from weathering. The average K2O/Al2O3 ratios of the investigated samples is ≈0.006, which suggests prevalence of clay minerals relative to other minerals. Low U/Th ratio ranging between 0.14 and 0.50 (average 0.18) relative to PAAS (0.21) and UCC (0.26) suggests deposition under oxic conditions. V/Vi + Ni ratios indicate suboxic to anoxic environment of deposition. However, plots of V/V+ Ni vs Ni/Co and V/Cr vs Ni/Co indicate oxic, dysoxic and suboxic to anoxic environments all suggesting deposition under oxic and suboxic conditions. The Ode Irele sediments was deposited in low saline water with a strong continental rather than marine influence in an arid and semi-arid climatic condition; the low average ratio of P2O5/Al2O3 (0.014) is in unison with freshwater environments.

The geochemistry of an Arctic watershed

1969 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Douglas Macdougall ◽  
Robert C. Harriss
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Source Area ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Physical Weathering ◽  
The North ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Tropical Areas

The clay mineralogy and elemental chemistry of soil and sediment samples from a small area of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago were examined. The clay mineralogy reflects a largely physical weathering regime. Some important results of the chemical analyses are: (1) Sedimentation rates of manganese in the Arctic near-shore sediments are similar to those reported for pelagic sediments from other oceans. Manganese in the Arctic sediments does not appear to be derived locally, the most likely source being water which originates in the North Atlantic. (2) Mineral-water reactions that occur during the transition from the terrestrial to the marine environment are limited to ion-exchange reactions. The potassium: rubidium ratio of the sediments is higher than that of the source-area soils. In contrast to findings in temperature and tropical areas, little or no boron is taken up by terrestrial clays as they enter the marine environment in the polar region studied. (3) New data are presented for mercury, palladium, and gold in near-shore sediments. The values found are 30, 2.1, and 2.7 parts per billion, respectively.

Late Cretaceous—Palaeocene mid-latitude climates: inferences from clay mineralogy of continental-coastal sequences (Tremp-Graus area, southern Pyrenees, N Spain)

Clay Minerals ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Arostegi ◽  
J. I. Baceta ◽  
V. Pujalte ◽  
M. Carracedo
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Climatic Trend ◽  
Mineral Associations ◽  
Continental Basin ◽  
Mixed Layers

AbstractThe origin and distribution of late Maastrichtian–early Palaeocene clay mineral associations were investigated in the Tremp-Graus basin (South Pyrenees, Spain) to assess palaeoclimate changes during that period. The studied succession is made up of expanded continental and transitional terrigeneous and carbonate deposits accumulated in a coastal plain setting. X-ray diffraction, SEM-EDX and TEM-AEM analysis reveal that the main clay components are illite and smectite, but kaolinite, chlorite and illite-smectite mixed layers are present, although irregularly distributed, all of them showing a platy morphology typical of a detrital origin. Persistence of the chemical features of the Al-dioctahedral smectites throughout the whole succession demonstrates the persistence of the same source area during the interval studied. Palygorskite occurs in the late Danian and Selandian, within carbonate tidal flats as sabkha-like facies. In SEM images, the palygorskite displays straight fibre morphologies, both coating and branched curling out, a clear proof of authigenic origin.Physical or chemical weathering (PhW/ChW) determined as illite + chlorite/smectite + kaolinite ratio, smectite/kaolinite ratio and palygorskite distribution have been used as clay proxies for palaeoclimate reconstructions. Such data suggest a shift from temperate subhumid (perennial) conditions in late Maastrichtian times to a warm seasonal climate during early Palaeocene times. This trend, however, was dramatically altered during the late Danian–Selandian interval, when prevailing warm and semi-arid to arid climatic conditions caused intense evaporation and the development of an alkaline environment in which the palygorskite authigenesis took place.The proposed climatic trend partly concurs with that established for earliest Danian time by Domingoet al.(2007), also in the Tremp-Graus basin, from isotopic and geochemical proxies, as well as with the reconstruction of Cojan & Moreau (2006), in which a semiarid Danian phase for the near continental basin of Aix-en-Provence is postulated. However, it is at odds with the notion of a humid Danian state in the Pyrenees, as inferred by Gawendaet al.(1999) from clay mineral proxies of deep marine successions.

scholarly journals Clay Mineralogy of some Lower Tertiary (Paleogene) Sediments from Denmark

1963 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
R. W Tank
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Lower Eocene ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Volcanic Material ◽  
Zone Ii

108 samples from the Paleogene rocks of Denrnark were examined by standard X-ray techniques and their clay suites form the basis of the present study. The X-ray data have permitted a three-fold mineralogical zonation of the Danish Paleogene.The oldest zone (Zone I) is characterized by a high montmorillonite content, minor or trace amounts of illite and segregated mixed-layer clay minerals and the absence of kaolinite. The boundaries of Zone I coincide with the Paleocene Series. The clay minerals are detrital and are derived from a carbonate terrain bordering the Fennoscandian massif. Diagenetic changes in the marine environment and segregation by sorting and floculation are important factors accounting for the high montmorillonite content.A middle zone (Zone Il) is characterized by the predominance of amorphous material. Minor amounts of montmorillonite, illite and kaolinite are present and represent alteration produets of volcanic ash. Zone II is restricted to the Mo Clay Formation.The youngest zone (Zone III) contains variable amounts of montmorillonite, illite, kaolinite and random mixed-layer montmorillonite-illite. The boundaries of Zone III appear to extend from the lower Eocene to the Miocene. The clay minerals of Zone III are products of the alteration of the volcanic material of the Fennoscandian massif. Changes in the conditions of the source area and the physical environment of deposition account for the mineralogical variations.

scholarly journals Clay mineralogy, strontium and neodymium isotope ratios in the sediments of two High Arctic catchments (Svalbard)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth S. Hindshaw ◽  
Nicholas J. Tosca ◽  
Alexander M. Piotrowski ◽  
Edward T. Tipper
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Central Basin

Abstract. The identification of sediment sources to the ocean is a prerequisite to using marine sediment cores to extract information on past climate and ocean circulation. Sr and Nd isotopes are classical tools with which to trace source provenance. Despite considerable interest in the Arctic Ocean, the circum-Arctic source regions are poorly characterised in terms of their Sr and Nd isotopic compositions. In this study we present Sr and Nd isotope data from the Paleogene Central Basin sediments of Svalbard, including the first published data of stream suspended sediments from Svalbard. The stream suspended sediments exhibit considerable isotopic variation (εNd = −20.6 to −13.4; 87Sr ∕ 86Sr = 0.73421 to 0.74704) which can be related to the depositional history of the sedimentary formations from which they are derived. In combination with analysis of the clay mineralogy of catchment rocks and sediments, we suggest that the Central Basin sedimentary rocks were derived from two sources. One source is Proterozoic sediments derived from Greenlandic basement rocks which are rich in illite and have high 87Sr ∕ 86Sr and low εNd values. The second source is Carboniferous to Jurassic sediments derived from Siberian basalts which are rich in smectite and have low 87Sr ∕ 86Sr and high εNd values. Due to a change in depositional conditions throughout the Paleogene (from deep sea to continental) the relative proportions of these two sources vary in the Central Basin formations. The modern stream suspended sediment isotopic composition is then controlled by modern processes, in particular glaciation, which determines the present-day exposure of the formations and therefore the relative contribution of each formation to the stream suspended sediment load. This study demonstrates that the Nd isotopic composition of stream suspended sediments exhibits seasonal variation, which likely mirrors longer-term hydrological changes, with implications for source provenance studies based on fixed end-members through time.

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