Cognitive remediation for inpatients with psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1062-1076
Author(s):  
Matteo Cella ◽  
Tom Price ◽  
Holly Corboy ◽  
Juliana Onwumere ◽  
Sukhi Shergill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Cognitive Remediation ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties

AbstractCognitive difficulties are common in people with psychosis and associated with considerable disability. Cognitive remediation (CR) can reduce the burden of cognitive difficulties and improve functioning. While mental health care has predominantly shifted to the community, people with greater illness severity and complexity, and those with poor response to treatment and concomitant greater cognitive difficulties, continue to receive inpatient care. The aim of this study is to review and evaluate the acceptability and efficacy of CR for inpatients with psychosis. A systematic search was used to identify randomized controlled trials of CR for inpatients with psychosis. Demographic and clinical information was extracted by independent raters together with therapy outcomes. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Assessment tool. Standardized mean change for cognitive and functional outcomes was calculated using Hedges's g and used to infer therapy effects with meta-analysis. Twenty studies were identified considering 1509 participants. Results from random-effect models suggested that CR was effective in improving processing speed (g = 0.48), memory (g = 0.48) and working memory (g = 0.56). While there was an indication of improvements in the levels of vocational, social and global functioning, these were less reliable. On average, 7% of participants dropped-out of treatment. Studies methodological quality was moderate. CR is an acceptable intervention for inpatients with psychosis and can lead to significant cognitive improvements. Evidence for improvement in functioning requires more robust and converging evidence. Future research should extend the evaluation of inpatient CR to subsequent post-discharge community functioning and further need for care.

scholarly journals The incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in gout: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Cox ◽  
Sonal Gupta ◽  
Sizheng Steven Zhao ◽  
David M. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractThe aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to describe prevalence of cardiovascular disease in gout, compare these results with non-gout controls and consider whether there were differences according to geography. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched for studies reporting prevalence of any cardiovascular disease in a gout population. Studies with non-representative sampling, where a cohort had been used in another study, small sample size (< 100) and where gout could not be distinguished from other rheumatic conditions were excluded, as were reviews, editorials and comments. Where possible meta-analysis was performed using random-effect models. Twenty-six studies comprising 949,773 gout patients were included in the review. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated for five cardiovascular diseases: myocardial infarction (2.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI)s 1.6, 5.0), heart failure (8.7%; 95% CI 2.9, 23.8), venous thromboembolism (2.1%; 95% CI 1.2, 3.4), cerebrovascular accident (4.3%; 95% CI 1.8, 9.7) and hypertension (63.9%; 95% CI 24.5, 90.6). Sixteen studies reported comparisons with non-gout controls, illustrating an increased risk in the gout group across all cardiovascular diseases. There were no identifiable reliable patterns when analysing the results by country. Cardiovascular diseases are more prevalent in patients with gout and should prompt vigilance from clinicians to the need to assess and stratify cardiovascular risk. Future research is needed to investigate the link between gout, hyperuricaemia and increased cardiovascular risk and also to establish a more thorough picture of prevalence for less common cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Mass drug administration campaigns for scabies and impetigo: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e001132
Author(s):  
Pousali Ghosh ◽  
Wubshet Tesfaye ◽  
Avilasha Manandhar ◽  
Thomas Calma ◽  
Mary Bushell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Clear Understanding

IntroductionScabies is recognised as a neglected tropical disease, disproportionately affecting the most vulnerable populations around the world. Impetigo often occurs secondarily to scabies. Several studies have explored mass drug administration (MDA) programmes, with some showing positive outcomes—but a systematic evaluation of such studies is yet to be reported. The main aim of this systematic review is to generate comprehensive evidence on the effect and feasibility of MDA programmes in reducing the burden of scabies and impetigo.Methods and analysisA systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis statement. Electronic databases to be searched will include CINAHL EBSCOhost, Medline Ovid, ProQuest, Science Direct, PubMed and SCOPUS. In addition, grey literature will be explored via the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet, Informit, OaIster database and WHO. No language restrictions will be applied. All treatment studies following an MDA protocol, including randomised/quasi-controlled trials, and prospective before–after interventional studies, will be considered. The main outcome is the change in prevalence of scabies and impetigo The Cochrane collaboration risk of bias assessment tool will be used for assessing the methodological quality of studies. A random-effect restricted maximum likelihood meta-analysis will be performed to generate pooled effect (OR) using STATA V.16. Appropriate statistical tests will be carried out to quantify heterogeneity between studies and publication bias.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required since data will be extracted from published works. The findings will be communicated to the scientific community through a peer-reviewed journal publication. This systematic review will present an evidence on the effect of MDA interventions on scabies and impetigo, which is instrumental to obtain a clear understanding of the treatments widely used in these programmes.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020169544,

Effectiveness of Digital Health Interventions on Unintentional Injury, Violence, and Suicide: Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 152483802096734
Author(s):  
Mengtong Chen ◽  
Ko Ling Chan
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Unintentional Injury ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Face To Face

Digital technologies are increasingly used in health-care delivery and are being introduced into work to prevent unintentional injury, violence, and suicide to reduce mortality. To understand the potential of digital health interventions (DHIs) to prevent and reduce these problems, we conduct a meta-analysis and provide an overview of their effectiveness and characteristics related to the effects. We searched electronic databases and reference lists of relevant reviews to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in or before March 2020 evaluating DHIs on injury, violence, or suicide reduction. Based on the 34 RCT studies included in the meta-analysis, the overall random effect size was 0.21, and the effect sizes for reducing suicidal ideation, interpersonal violence, and unintentional injury were 0.17, 0.24, and 0.31, respectively, which can be regarded as comparable to the effect sizes of traditional face-to-face interventions. However, there was considerable heterogeneity between the studies. In conclusion, DHIs have great potential to reduce unintentional injury, violence, and suicide. Future research should explore DHIs’ successful components to facilitate future implementation and wider access.

Opinion paper: poor response to treatment of depression in people in high occupational levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mandelli ◽  
Alessandro Serretti ◽  
Stefano Porcelli ◽  
Daniel Souery ◽  
Julien Mendlewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Residual Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
High Cognitive Function ◽  
High Level

AbstractThe working environment may have a significant effect on response to treatment of depression and this issue has not yet been sufficiently addressed in the scientific literature. There is evidence showing that being engaged in high-level positions can be an obstacle to the success of treatment. This article discusses the few evidence in the literature and some of the possible mechanisms involved. Specific personality attributes and difficulties in adapting to depression may delay access to care and may also reduce treatment compliance. The presence of stress in jobs that require high cognitive function and lack of social support may be elements that hinder the recovery process. Residual symptoms that impact on cognitive functions may undermine adherence to treatment and adversely affect the response. The implications of these issues are potentially relevant for clinical practice in the treatment of depression and for future research.

scholarly journals Microplastic contamination of salt intended for human consumption: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Danopoulos ◽  
Lauren Jenner ◽  
Maureen Twiddy ◽  
Jeanette M. Rotchell
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Human Health Effects ◽  
Potential Human Health

Abstract Microplastics (MPs) are an emerging contaminant ubiquitous in the environment. There is growing concern regarding potential human health effects, a major human exposure route being dietary uptake. We have undertaken a systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis to identify all relevant research on MP contamination of salt intended for human consumption. Three thousand nine hundred and nineteen papers were identified, with ten fitting the inclusion criteria. A search of the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science, from launch date to September 2020, was conducted. MP contamination of salt varied significantly between four origins, sea salt 0–1674 MPs/kg, lake salt 8–462 MPs/kg, rock and well salt 0–204 MPs/kg. The majority of samples were found to be contaminated by MPs. Corresponding potential human exposures are estimated to be 0–6110 MPs per year (for all origins), confirming salt as a carrier of MPs. A bespoke risk of bias (RoB) assessment tool was used to appraise the quality of the studies, with studies demonstrating moderate to low RoB. These results suggest that a series of recurring issues need to be addressed in future research regarding sampling, analysis and reporting to improve confidence in research findings.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of Qingfei Paidu Decoction for Treating COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Hongfei Zhu ◽  
Mengting Li ◽  
Yafei Liu ◽  
Honghao Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms

Background: Qingfei Paidu decoction (QFPD) has been widely used in treating COVID-19 in China. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive and systematic evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of QFPD. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of QFPD in patients with COVID-19.Methods: We searched seven databases up to 5 March 2021. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data of interest, and assessed risk of bias. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias of randomized controlled trials. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to assess the risk of bias of cohort and non-randomized trials. The “Quality Assessment Tool for Before-After (Pre-Post) Studies With No Control Group” was adopted for controlled pre–post studies. We used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) to assess the certainty of evidence. We carried out a random effect meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3. For outcomes that could not be meta-analyzed, we performed a descriptive analysis.Results: We identified 16 studies with 11,237 patients, including one RCT, six non-randomized trials, two cohort studies, and seven pre–post studies. The certainty of evidence was low to very low because of the observational study design. QFPD combined with conventional treatment might decrease the time for nucleic acid conversion (MD = −4.78 days, 95% CI: −5.79 to −3.77), shorten the length of hospital stay (MD = −7.95 days, 95% CI: −14.66 to −1.24), shorten the duration of symptoms recovery of fever (MD = −1.51 days, 95% CI: −1.92 to −1.09), cough (MD = −1.64 days, 95% CI: −1.91 to −1.36) and chest CT (MD = −2.23 days, 95% CI: −2.46 to −2.00), improve the overall traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores (MD = 41.58 scores, 95% CI: 32.67 to 50.49), and change the laboratory indexes, such as WBC, AST, and CRP.Conclusion: QFPD combined with conventional treatment might be effective for patients with COVID-19. No serious adverse reactions related to QFPD were observed. Further high-quality studies are still needed in the future.

scholarly journals Summarising and synthesising regression coefficients through systematic review and meta-analysis for improving hypertension prediction using metamodelling: protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e036388
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ziaul Islam Chowdhury ◽  
Iffat Naeem ◽  
Hude Quan ◽  
Alexander A Leung ◽  
Khokan C Sikdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Risk Prediction Models

IntroductionHypertension is one of the most common medical conditions and represents a major risk factor for heart attack, stroke, kidney disease and mortality. The risk of progression to hypertension depends on several factors, and combining these risk factors into a multivariable model for risk stratification would help to identify high-risk individuals who should be targeted for healthy behavioural changes and/or medical treatment to prevent the development of hypertension. The risk prediction models can be further improved in terms of accuracy by using a metamodel updating technique where existing hypertension prediction models can be updated by combining information available in existing models with new data. A systematic review and meta-analysis will be performed of hypertension prediction models in order to identify known risk factors for high blood pressure and to summarise the magnitude of their association with hypertension.Methods and analysisMEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and grey literature will be systematically searched for studies predicting the risk of hypertension among the general population. The search will be based on two key concepts: hypertension and risk prediction. The summary statistics from the individual studies will be the regression coefficients of the hypertension risk prediction models, and random-effect meta-analysis will be used to obtain pooled estimates. Heterogeneity and publication bias will be assessed, along with study quality, which will be assessed using the Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool checklist.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this systematic review and meta-analysis. We plan to disseminate the results of our review through journal publications and presentations at applicable platforms.

scholarly journals Development and Clinical Relevance of a Summary Score for the SCAT-5

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 794-794
Author(s):  
A DaCosta ◽  
A Roccaforte ◽  
F Webbe
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Word List ◽  
Summary Score ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Global Functioning

Abstract Purpose Early versions of the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool utilized a summary score, but it was removed in the third edition due to lack of empirical support (Guskiewicz et al., 2013). Echemendia et al. (2017) note that the SCAT-5’s changes, such as an expansion from a 5-word to 10-word list, improved utility over previous additions. Therefore, empirical support for a summary score on the SCAT-5 should be reassessed. Methods Collegiate athletes (N=532, 64% male) completed the SCAT-5 and ImPACT during their baseline evaluation. Various SCAT-5 summary score formulas were created to determine a concurrently valid summary score that remained comprehensive of all three SCAT-5 domains (cognitive, symptom, vestibular). The summary score was calculated by: [Immediate Memory Total + Delayed Recall + Orientation + Concentration + (30 – BESS Total Errors) - Total Symptom Score]. Results Pearson correlations determined that the summary score was significantly correlated with ImPACT Verbal Memory (r=.27, p<.001), Visual Memory (r=.24, p<.001), Visual-Motor Speed (r=.30, p<.001), Reaction Time (r=-.25, p<.001) and Total Symptoms (r=-.18, p<.001). Conclusion Our results support the validity of a SCAT-5 summary score. Clinically, the summary score is intended to measure changes in global functioning across baseline, post-trauma and follow-up concussion evaluation. Additionally, it should serve as a measure of global progression during the acute post-trauma window of sideline to post-trauma evaluation. Future research should examine the SCAT-5 summary score with outcome measures such as recovery time.

scholarly journals HIV incidence among men who have sex with men in mainland China: a systematic review protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenting Huang ◽  
Liming Wang ◽  
Mi Guodong ◽  
Ryan J. Zahn ◽  
Jennifer Taussig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hiv Incidence ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV in China. Globally, younger MSM are at higher risk for incident HIV infections, but there has been substantial variation in the estimates of age-stratified HIV incidence among MSM in mainland China, potentially due to regional differences in the nature of the epidemic. Given the need for quality epidemiological data to meet the global goal of ending new HIV infections by 2030, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine age-stratified HIV incidence in mainland China, including consideration by geographic region and time. Methods This review will include longitudinal studies, cross-sectional surveys, and surveillance reports among MSM in mainland China that have reported HIV incidence. We will search studies and reports published from January 1, 2003, to April 30, 2020, in both English and Chinese language literature databases. For each study considered, two reviewers will independently screen, determine eligibility, and extract relevant data, with discrepancies resolved by consensus of a third reviewer. The methodological quality of included studies will be assessed by the Quality Assessment Tool for Systematic Reviews of Observational Studies Score (QATSO). We will develop age-stratified estimates of HIV incidence with geographic variations and temporal trends. Heterogeneity will be examined using statistical techniques appropriate to the dataset. For subgroup analyses, we will conduct mixed-effects meta-analysis models. Discussion This review will contribute to a better understanding of the HIV epidemic among MSM in mainland China by providing age-stratified estimates of HIV incidence with a portrayal of geographic and temporal variations. Findings will reflect epidemic dynamics, informing local and national intervention programs and policies for HIV prevention, and providing estimation data to inform future research among MSM in China. Systematic review registration PROSPERO ID 154834

scholarly journals Effects of Vitamin D in Post-Exercise Muscle Recovery. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4013
Author(s):  
Hugo J. Bello ◽  
Alberto Caballero-García ◽  
Daniel Pérez-Valdecantos ◽  
Enrique Roche ◽  
David C. Noriega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Muscle Recovery ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Exercise Muscle ◽  
Experimental Group

Vitamin D is a key micronutrient modulating function and health in skeletal muscle. Therefore, we sought to systematically review the role of vitamin D in muscle recovery. A search in different databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, WOS, Google Scholar, and Scopus) was carried out following PRISMA® and PICOS. The search period was from inception to April 2020. Changes in post-exercise muscle damage were quantified comparing experimental group vs. placebo in each study by using number of participants, standardized mean difference (SMD), and standard error of the SMD. Hedges’s g was used to calculate the SMDs for each study group and biased by the inverse of variance that allows calculating an overall effect and the 95% confidence interval (CI). The net vitamin D supplementation effect was calculated by subtracting the placebo SMD from SMD of the experimental group. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used as a random effect model, taking into account that the effect of vitamin D on muscular damage may vary according to the dose administered and additional moderators. Six studies were selected. In conclusion, regarding circulating levels of muscle biomarkers and additional limitations of the studies, it cannot be concluded that vitamin D supplementation exerts an effect in post-exercise muscle recovery. Likely, the anti-inflammatory action of vitamin D is quicker than the recovery of tissue structure and function. This aspect is pending verification in future research.

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