Absorption and Translocation of Buthidazole

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd C. Haderlie
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Foliar Absorption ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Leaves

Absorption and translocation of buthidazole [3-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-imidazolidinone] was determined in several plant tissues. Buthidazole caused slight effects on seed germination. Germination of soybean (Glycine max L.Merr. ‘Williams’) seeds was inhibited up to 15% and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) was stimulated up to 13%. Buthidazole was absorbed by germinating soybeans, velvetleaf, and corn (Zea maysL.) with rate of absorption increasing when roots were capable of absorption. Buthidazole concentrations of 0.5 μM or greater inhibited growth of soybean in the early second-trifoliolate growth stage when supplied to the roots in nutrient solution. Within 96 h, 29% of the buthidazole available to soybeans was absorbed from nutrient solution and 89% of that absorbed was found in the shoots. The expanded leaves of soybean accumulated the majority of the radioactivity. Radioactivity in roots of soybean approached a steady state condition within 96 h, whereas14C continued to increase in shoots. Foliar absorption of buthidazole in soybean greatly increased when any one of several surfactants were used. Soybean dry weight reduction nearly doubled by adding surfactants. Over 60% of the14C-buthidazole applied to soybean leaves was absorbed within 1.5 h, and increased to 73% by 96 h when the nonionic surfactant, AL-411-F3[Phytobland Spray Oil (83%) plus ATPLUS 300F (17%)] was used compared to only 7% in 96 h without the surfactant. There was little or no movement of buthidazole from the treated leaves. Translocation was typical of apoplastic movement.

Heritability in the early nodulation of F3 and F4 soybean lines

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Pazdernik ◽  
P. H. Graham ◽  
J. H. Orf
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Two Populations

We have previously identified differences among soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines in early nodulation and N2 fixation, and related early nodule development and overall plant performance under N-limited field conditions. The objectives of the present study were: 1) to estimate heritabilities for nodule fresh weight (NFW), shoot dry weight (SDW), and root dry weight (RDW) determined 17 d after inoculation (DAI); 2) to examine genetic variation for total nodule soluble protein (TSOLP) at 17 DAI, and SDW and shoot N derived from fixation (SNdfa) at the R5 growth stage; and 3) to assess relationships between early nodulation and subsequent R5 shoot mass and SNdfa. The two populations used were derived from the Minnesota-adapted cultivars Kasota and Parker, and two plant introductions PI 437966 and PI 384469B. Genetic variances within populations were significant for most traits measured at 17 DAI, and at the R5 growth stage. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.79–0.82 for NFW, 0.51–0.56 for SDW, and 0.38–0.40 for RDW, with SDW also correlated with seed size at 17 DAI (r = 0.88**). Additional correlation analyses showed SNdfa correlated with NFW (r = 0.33**) and TSOLP (r = 0.46**). The results of this study suggest that gains from selection are possible for NFW and SDW at early stages of plant development. Key words: Glycine max (L.) Merr., nodulation, nitrogen fixation, heritabilitynot available

Factors Influencing Postemergence Activity of Chloramben in Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 853-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendel B. Orr ◽  
Chaudhry A. Ozair ◽  
Loren J. Moshier
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Capsule Production ◽  
Second Year ◽  
One Year ◽  
Origin Of Oil

Efficacy of soil and/or foliage applications of the sodium salt of chloramben (3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid) was compared, and the influence of growth stage and oil base within adjuvants on chloramben efficacy was evaluated on velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic. # ABUTH). In greenhouse experiments, soil applications reduced growth of velvetleaf treated at the six- to seven-leaf stage (15-cm height) more than did foliage applications. Simulated rainfall applied 48 h after chloramben was applied to foliage significantly increased chloramben activity. Chloramben plus an oil concentrate applied at 3.4 kg ae/ha plus 2.3 L/ha reduced fresh and dry weight less as growth stage advanced in both greenhouse and field experiments. Origin of oil present in the oil concentrate did not influence the activity of chloramben plus oil concentrate in either the greenhouse or in the field. Chloramben plus oil concentrate reduced seed capsule (boll) production 70% or more in velvetleaf plants treated at each of three growth stages in one year and reduced capsule production 90, 90, and 28% in plants treated at early vegetative, late vegetative, and flowering stages, respectively, in the second year. Viability of seed was less from plants treated at a vegetative stage compared to the flowering stage.

Growth Analysis of Soybeans (Glycine max) in Competition with Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Hagood ◽  
T. T. Bauman ◽  
J. L. Williams ◽  
M. M. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Area Index ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Soybean Leaves

Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of varying velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) densities and planting dates on the growth and yield of soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Amsoy 71’]. Velvetleaf densities ranging from 2.5 to 40 plants/m2caused reductions in the dry weight of soybean leaves, stems, roots, and pods and seeds, and in the leaf area index, pod number, and seed yield when velvetleaf and soybean plants emerged at the same time. The magnitude of reduction in soybean growth and the time at which the reduction was first observed was dependent on weed density. Soybean growth reductions caused by high velvetleaf densities were less when conditions of high soil moisture content minimized the effects of competition for water. Velvetleaf emerging 21 and 23 days after soybean emergence did not reduce crop growth or yield.

Galegine Content in Goatsrue (Galega officinalis) Varies by Plant Part and Phenological Growth Stage

Weed Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Oldham ◽  
Corey V. Ransom ◽  
Michael H. Ralphs ◽  
Dale R. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mature Seed ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Galega Officinalis ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
Stage 4

Goatsrue is a member of the Fabaceae family, native to Europe and western Asia. It contains the toxic alkaloid galegine. The objective of the study was to describe galegine concentration in aboveground goatsrue plant parts and total galegine pools over phenological growth stages. Twenty goatsrue plants at four locations were selected and a stalk was harvested from each at five stages of phenological development and separated into parts. Plant parts were freeze-dried, ground, and analyzed with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Galegine concentration was significantly different in plant tissues; reproductive tissues had the highest levels of galegine (7 mg g−1), followed by leaf (4 mg g−1) and finally stem (1 mg g−1) tissues. Galegine concentration and pools varied over plant tissues and phenological growth stages. Galegine pools (dry weight by concentration) or the total amount of galegine per stalk were lowest at the vegetative growth stage (2 mg stalk−1) and increased until reaching a maximum at the immature pod stage (91 mg stalk−1). The pools decreased nearly in half (48 mg stalk−1) by the mature seed stage. Like galegine pools, galegine concentration also reached a maximum at the immature pod stage (4 mg g−1), and decreased by nearly half by the mature seed stage (2 mg g−1). The increased levels of galegine pools at immature pod stage corresponds with the time of meadow hay harvest, implying that goatsrue is potentially most toxic at the phenological stage when it is likely to be harvested as a contaminant in meadow hay.

scholarly journals Accumulation of dry mass and macronutrients by sourgrass plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.B. Carvalho ◽  
M.S. Bianco ◽  
S. Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The experiment was carried out aiming to analyze the dry mass production and distribution and the content and accumulation of macronutrients in sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) plants cultivated under mineral nutrition standard conditions. Plants grew in 7-liter pots filled with sand substrate and daily irrigated with nutrient solution, being maintained under greenhouse conditions. Treatments consisted of times of evaluation (21, 35, 49, 63, 77, 91, 105, 119, and 133 days after emergence - DAE) and were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replicates. Sourgrass showed small accumulation of dry mass (0.3 g per plant) and macronutrients (3.7 mg of N per plant, 0.4 mg of P per plant, 5.6 mg of K per plant, 0.9 mg of Ca per plant, 0.7 mg of Mg per plant, and 0.3 mg of S per plant) at vegetative growth stage (< 49 DAE). Those accumulations increased mainly after 77 DAE, reaching the maximum theoretical value at 143, 135, 141, 129, 125, 120, and 128 DAE, for dry mass (12.4 g per plant), N (163.2 mg per plant), P (27.1 mg per plant), K (260.5 mg per plant), Ca (47.6 mg per plant), Mg (30.9 mg per plant), and S (13.7 mg per plant), respectively. K and N were found with higher rates and, as a consequence, they were required and accumulated in greater amounts in plant tissues of sourgrass.

Irrigation of Geraniums with an Automatic Controlled Water Table System

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 522d-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Buxton ◽  
D.L. Ingram ◽  
Wenwei Jia
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Optimum Water

Geraniums in 15-cm pots were irrigated automatically for 8 weeks with a Controlled Water Table (CWT) irrigation system. Plants were irrigated with a nutrient solution supplied by a capillary mat with one end of the mat suspended in a trough below the bottom of the pot. The nutrient solution remained at a constant level in the trough. Nutrient solution removed from the trough was immediately replaced from a larger reservoir. The vertical distance from the surface of the nutrient solution and the bottom of the pot determined the water/air ratio and water potential in the growing media. Treatments consisted of placing pots at 0, 2, 4, and 6 cm above the nutrient solution. Control plants were irrigated as needed with a trickle irrigation system. Geraniums grown at 0,2 and 4 CWT were ≈25% larger than the control plants and those grown at 6 CWT as measured by dry weight and leaf area. Roots of plants grown at 0 CWT were concentrated in the central area of the root ball; whereas roots of plants in other treatments were located more near the bottom of the pot. Advantages of the CWT system include: Plant controlled automatic irrigation; no run off; optimum water/air ratio.

scholarly journals Effects of Leachate Fertigation and the Addition of Hydrogen Peroxide on Growth and Nutrient Balance in Dracaena deremensis Potted Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Pedro García-Caparrós ◽  
Cristina Velasquez Espino ◽  
María Teresa Lao
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar

The reuse of drainages for cultivating more salt tolerant crops can be a useful tool especially in arid regions, where there are severe problems for crops water management. Dracaena deremensis L. plants were cultured in pots with sphagnum peat-moss and were subjected to three fertigation treatments for 8 weeks: control treatment or standard nutrient solution (D0), raw leachates from Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H. Wendl plants (DL) and the same leachate blending with H2O2 (1.2 M) at 1% (v/v) (DL + H2O2). After harvesting, ornamental and biomass parameters, leaf and root proline and total soluble sugar concentration and nutrient balance were assessed in each fertigation treatment. Plant height, leaf and total dry weight had the highest values in plants fertigated with leachates with H2O2, whereas root length, leaf number, RGB values and pigment concentration declined significantly in plants fertigated with leachates from C. lutescens with or without H2O2. The fertigation with leachates, regardless of the presence or absence of H2O2 increased root and leaf proline concentration. Nevertheless, root and leaf total soluble sugar concentration did not show a clear trend under the treatments assessed. Regarding nutrient balance, the addition of H2O2 in the leachate resulted in an increase in plant nutrient uptake and efficiency compared to the control treatment. The fertigation with leachates with or without H2O2 increased nitrogen and potassium leached per plant compared to plants fertigated with the standard nutrient solution. The reuse of drainages is a viable option to produce ornamental plants reducing the problematic associated with the water consumption and the release of nutrients into the environment.

The SCREENING OF HERBICIDES FOR EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF WEEDS IN SOYBEAN (Glycine max L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-266
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ehsan Safdar ◽  
Muhammad Ather Nadeem ◽  
Abdul Rehman ◽  
Amjed Ali ◽  
Nasir Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Moderate Relationship ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Little is known about best herbicidal weed option for weed eradication in soybean in agro-climatic circumstances of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. A two year field study was accomplished at College of Agriculture experimental site Sargodha in spring seasons of 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the efficacy of different herbicides adjacent to major weeds present in soybean. The study consisted of 8 herbicide treatments including two pre-emergence herbicides (pendimethalin at 489.1 g a.i. ha-1, pendimethalin + S-metolachlor at 731.1 g a.i. ha-1) which are applied immediately after sowing and six post-emergence herbicides (oxyfluorfen at 237.1 g a.i. ha-1, metribuzin at 518.7 g a.i. ha-1, quizalofop-p-ethyl at 148.2 g a.i. ha-1, acetochlor at 741 g a.i. ha-1, halosulfuron at 37 g a.i. ha-1and topramezone at 21.5 g a.iha-1) which were used 25 days subsequent to sowing. In contrast to control, all herbicides have shown significant decline in weed density (up to 94%) and dry weight (up to 88%); and caused significant increases in plant height (up to 85%), pod bearing branches (up to 77%), number of pods per plant (up to 83%), 100-seed weight (up to 37%) and seed yield (up to 160%) of soybean. Among herbicides, topramezone at 21.5 g a.i ha-1 gave significantly the highest (1234 and 1272 kg ha-1 in the year 2018 and 2019) seed yield of soybean and HEIs (1.28 and 1.03 in year 2018 and 2019, respectively). However, oxyfluorfen at 237.1 g a.i. ha-1, pendimethalin + S-metolachlor at 731.1 g a.i. ha-1, pendimethalin at 489.1 g a.i. ha-1, quizalofop-p-ethyl at 148.2 g a.i.ha-1 followed it. The regression analysis depicted a significant negative moderate relationship of soybean seed yield with weed dry weight (R2 = 0.7074), and pods per plant (R2 = 0.7012) was proved to be the main yield component responsible for higher yield of soybean.

scholarly journals Effect of NPK fertilization on production and leaf nutrient content of eucalyptus minicuttings in nutrient solution

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
José Pereira Carvalho Neto ◽  
Enilson de Barros Silva ◽  
Reynaldo Campos Santana ◽  
Paulo Henrique Grazziotti
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Adequate Nutrient ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Adequate nutrient levels in plants vary according to the species or clone, age and management practice. Therefore, adjustments of the nutrient solution are often necessary according to the plant material for multiplication. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of NPK fertilization on production and leaf nutrient contents of eucalyptus cuttings in nutrient solution. The study was conducted from November 2008 to January 2009 in a greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized fractional factorial (4 x 4 x 4)½, with a total of 32 treatments with three replications. The treatments consisted of four doses of N (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg L-1) as urea, P (7.5, 15, 30 and 60 mg L-1) in the form of phosphoric acid and K (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg L-1) in the form of potassium chloride in the nutrient solution. Only the effect of N alone was significant for the number and dry weight of minicuttings per ministump, with a linear decreasing effect with increasing N levels. The highest number of cuttings was obtained at a dose of 50, 7.5 and 50 mg L-1 of N, P and K, respectively.

scholarly journals Influence of boron on growth and mineral composition of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-318
Author(s):  
I. P. Oliveira ◽  
E. Malavolta
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Boron Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Differential Behaviour ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Nine cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. were grown in nutrient solution to study the effect of boron on growth and mineral composition. Data obtained in thie study allowed for the following conclusions: (1) high levels of boron affected plant height, root length, dry weight of tops, dry weight of root, and total dry weight; (2) regression analysis was used to point out differential behaviour among cultivars in relation to boron concentration in nutrient solution; (3) the best mineral concentration in the plant tissue was obtained with application of 0,5 ppm of boron in the nutrient solution.

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