Shading Effects on Growth and Partitioning of Plant Biomass in Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) from Shaded and Exposed Habitats

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 735-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Shading Effects

The growth responses of cogongrass [Imperata cylindrica(L.) Beauv.] were studied in a controlled-environment greenhouse with a day/night temperature of 29/23 C, under full available light and 56 and 11% of full light. The cogongrass plants were grown from stem and rhizome propagules originating from an interstate highway median, a pecan [Carya illinoensis(Wangenh.) K. Koch] plantation, and a pine (Pinusspp.) forest. After 89 days, the plants from all three populations produced, on average, three times as much total dry weight and leaf area in full available sunlight as in 56% full light and 20 times as much as in 11% full light. The distribution of plant biomass into rhizomes decreased with shading, whereas the distribution into leaves increased. The distribution of leaf biomass as leaf area also increased with shading, with the result that the plants grown in 11% full light had leaf area ratios about 2.5 times greater than those grown in full light. Reductions in dry matter production with shading were due to significant reductions in both net assimilation rate and leaf area duration or total amount of leaf area present. The plants from the shaded and exposed habitats generally did not differ significantly in their responses to shading. Thus, there is little evidence for the presence of sun and shade ecotypes in the populations of cogongrass studied.

Growth Responses of Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne and Phalaris aquatica to Chronic Ozone Exposure

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Horsman ◽  
AO Nicholls ◽  
DM Calder
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Total Dry Weight

D. glomerata, L. perenne and P. aquatica were exposed to 9 parts per hundred million ozone for 4 h per day on 5 days per week for 5 weeks. The grasses responded similarly and significant changes in growth were generally observed only at the end of the exposure. The changes in growth were accompanied by slight leaf chlorosis. Total dry weight and yield (above-ground dry weight) were significantly reduced (14-21%) by the treatment. Root growth was impaired the most, followed by stem and then leaves. Specific leaf area was generally lower in ozone-treated plants but the difference was not significant. Effects on relative growth rate were mainly due to the decrease in net assimilation rate, leaf area ratio remaining relatively unchanged.

Temperature Effects on Growth and Leaf Production in Three Weed Species

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth P. Flint ◽  
David T. Patterson ◽  
David A. Mortensen ◽  
George H. Riechers ◽  
Jan L. Beyers
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Sesbania Exaltata ◽  
Axillary Branch ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL. ♯6CASOB), hemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata(Raf.) Cory ♯ SEBEX], and showy crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilisRoth. ♯ CVTSP) were grown in controlled-environment greenhouses with day/night temperatures of 23/17, 26/20, 29/23, and 32/26 C. Plant height, leaf area, and total dry weight at 53 days after planting increased significantly with temperatures between 23/17 and 29/23 C in sicklepod and showy crotalaria, and between 23/17 and 32/26 C in hemp sesbania. In all species, leaves were produced more rapidly as temperature increased. Axillary branch leaf production was greatest at 29/23 C in sicklepod, and at 29/23 and 26/20 C in showy crotalaria; hemp sesbania showed little axillary branch development. Total dry-matter production in all species was closely correlated with leaf area duration, but not with net assimilation rate. Differences in total main stem leaf area in all species were primarily due to differences in leaf number rather than to differences in leaf size at maturity.

scholarly journals Growth analysis in chard plants (Beta vulgaris L. Cicla, cv. 'Pencas Blancas') exposed to different light quality

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fánor Casierra-Posada ◽  
Esteban Zapata-Casierra ◽  
Daniel A. Chaparro-Chaparro
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Total Dry Weight

To determine the effects of light quality on the growth indices of plants, Pencas Blancas cultivar chard plantlets were grown for 2 months under five different light treatments, obtained by filtering sunlight through colored polyethylene films. The treatments included: red, blue, green, yellow and transparent cover colors. A transparent cover (white light) was used as the control. The colored covers affected the plant growth. The plants grown under the yellow cover presented a better behavior with regards to growth, taken as: total dry weight per plant, leaf area, specific leaf area, absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, harvestable dry matter and root to shoot ratio. The dry matter partitioning in the leaves and roots was affected by the light quality, but not in the petioles, with a higher accumulation of dry mass in the leaves of plants grown under the yellow cover. As a consequence of the enhanced leaf area in the plants under the yellow cover, they also had the highest water uptake. On the other hand, the highest net assimilation rate value was found in plants grown under the transparent cover. These results open up the possibility of using yellow colored cover in leafy green vegetables, especially in chard plants grown under controlled conditions.

Effects of Day and Night Temperature on Vegetative Growth of Texas Panicum (Panicum texanum)

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
C Partitioning

Texas panicum was grown in controlled-environment chambers in 16 day/night temperature regimes ranging from 19/11 to 34/26 C. After 33 days, maximum plant height, leaf area, and dry weight occurred at 34/26 C. The greatest number of tillers and leaves occurred at 34/16 C. Partitioning of plant biomass into stems increased with increasing night temperature, while partitioning into leaves tended to decrease. Partitioning of biomass into roots decreased with increasing night temperature at day temperatures of 19 or 24 C but not at 34 C. Plant dry matter production (DMP) was highly correlated with both leaf area duration (LAD) and net assimilation rate (NAR) during the first 2 weeks of growth. During the subsequent 3 weeks, DMP was highly correlated with LAD but not with NAR. The low-temperature threshold for growth of Texas panicum was approximately 11 C. Texas panicum attained 25% of its maximum growth at an average daily temperature of 21 C, 50% at 24 C, and 75% at 26 C. Texas panicum is unlikely to become a highly competitive weed outside the southern and southwestern United States.

Growth responses of seedlings of two neotropical pioneer species to simulated forest gap environments

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 827-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Dalling ◽  
C. E. Lovelock ◽  
S. P. Hubbell
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Using Data

Traditional shade house experiments that expose plants to relatively uniform irradiance and light quality are inadequate to characterize the morphological, allocational and physiological plasticity that seedlings show to different gap environments. Here the design of a pot experiment is described that simulates the daily time course of irradiance and light quality in idealized gaps of six different sizes. Differences in response to gap size are illustrated using data from two pioneer species, Ochroma pyramidale, which recruits exclusively in large gaps and clearings, and Luehea seemannii, which colonizes small branchfall gaps as well as large gaps. Ochroma outperformed Luehea in relative growth rate in all except the smallest simulated gap size. Ochroma's superior performance in the larger gaps could be attributed to a larger proportional investment in leaf biomass (i.e. a higher leaf area ratio, LAR), and higher photosynthetic rates both on a leaf area and leaf mass basis. In the smallest simulated gaps LAR was not significantly different between the species, but Ochroma maintained a higher net assimilation rate. These results fail to support the suggestion that gap partitioning among pioneer species arises directly from morphological and biochemical specialization to particular gap light environments. Instead, it is suggested that partitioning may result from a trade-off between seedling growth and mortality determined by species allocational patterns and mediated by interactions with herbivores and pathogens.

Competition of Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata) and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) with Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) During Simulated Drought and Recovery

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 658-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson ◽  
Maxine T. Highsmith
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Simulated Drought ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
The Impact

Cotton was grown alone (one plant/pot), in intraspecific competition (two plants/pot), and in interspecific competition with spurred anoda and velvetleaf in controlled-environment chambers, subjected to water stress by withholding water, and allowed to recover before the final harvest. Minimum leaf water potential reached during the drought period ranged from −1.87 MPa in cotton grown alone to −2.63 MPa in velvetleaf grown in intraspecific competition. Water stress reduced plant height, total dry weight, and leaf area in all species, compared to well-watered controls. Reductions in cotton growth due to intra- or interspecific competition were evident by 11 days following the onset of competition. The competitive impact of both weeds tended to increase with time. Growth reductions in cotton due to competition were associated primarily with reductions in leaf area duration; during drought the net assimilation rate also was reduced. Relative yields of cotton confirmed that interspecific competition from the weeds was more severe than intraspecific competition. Imposed drought did not affect the relative competitive abilities of the three species or the impact of the weeds on cotton.

Physiology of seed yield in field beans (Vicia faba L.): II. Dry-matter production

1973 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan M. Ishag
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Leaf Area Duration ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Field Beans ◽  
Substantial Rise

SummaryDry weight per unit area was related to plant density differences and leaf area duration (LAD) up to pod-setting (late June). Total dry weight and seed dry weight at maturity were not related to total LAD or LAD after pod setting. Seed yield at a node was closely correlated with leaf area at the same node (r = 0·67 to 0·94).Differences in net assimilation rate (NAR) between varieties were not significant. A substantial rise in NAR in July-early August was attributed to additional photosynthesis by pods.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERTUMBUHAN, ASIMILASI BERSIH DAN PRODUKSI TERUNG (Solanum melongena L.): DOSIS PUPUK KANDANG KAMBING DAN PUPUK NPK

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Tengku Boumedine Hamid Zulkifli ◽  
Koko Tampubolon ◽  
Ahmad Nadhira ◽  
Yunida Berliana ◽  
Erfan Wahyudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Goat Manure

Growth, Net Assimilation and Yield Analysis of Eggplant(Solanum melongena L.): Dosage of Goat Manure and NPK FertilizerThe research was aimed to obtain the dose of goat manure, NPK fertilizer and the interaction in increasing the growth and yield of eggplant. The research was usedthe randomized block design factorial with the first factor (goat manure) such as K0= 0 ton.ha-1, K1= 10 ton.ha-1, K2= 20 ton.ha-1 and the second factor (NPK Mutiara 16-16-16) such as P0= 0 ton.ha-1, P1= 100 ton.ha-1, P2= 200 ton.ha-1, P3= 300 ton.ha-1 with three replications. This research was conducted at Jl. Eka Rasmi, Medan Johor Subdistrict, Medan, North Sumatra from August until October 2019. The parameters such as plant height, leaf area, fresh weight of root and shoot, dry weight of root and shoot, total dry weight, fruitweight.plant-1, fruit weight.plot-1, crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), and net assimilation rate (NAR) wereanalyzed using the ANOVA and the means were followed by DMRT test at the level of 5% used the IBM SPSS Statistics v.20. The results showed an increase in leaf area, fresh weight of shoot, dry weight of root, dry weight of shoot, total dry weight, and fruit weight.plant-1, of eggplant plant with the increasing dose of goat manure up to 20 ton.ha-1of 23.27%; 35.85%; 17.64%; 16.55%; 16.66%; and 17.18%, respectively compared to untreated except plant height. Growth in leaf area, fresh weight of shoot, dry weight of root, dry weight of shoot, total dry weight, fruit weight.plant-1 and fruit weight.plot-1of eggplant plant were increased with increasing NPK fertilizer dosage up to 300 kg.ha-1of 16.88%; 25.96%; 24.08%; 38.37%; 34.46%; 21.85%; and 19.22%, respectively compared to untreated. The interaction of goat manure with NPK does not significantly affect on the growth and yield of eggplant plant. The CGR, RGR, and NARvalue in the giving of goat manure from 10 until 30 days after planting was higher compared to the application of Mutiara NPK fertilizer.

Impact of an Open Trellis on Canopy Growth, Light Interception, Yield, and Leaf Physiology of Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 468b-468
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Klauer ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Chuhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Upper Third

After promising results were obtained with an open-style split trellis (two top wires) in its initial year, two new trials were established in 1997 in northwest (Lynden) and southwest (Woodland) Washington. For the split trellis, actual yields were 33% (machine-picked 1/2 season) and 17% (hand-picked) greater, respectively, for the two locations compared to the conventional trellis (one top wire). In Woodland, canes from the split trellis had 33% more berries, 55% more laterals, 69% more leaves, and 25% greater leaf area compared with the conventional trellis. Greatest enhancement of these components was in the upper third of the canopy. Laterals were also shorter in this area of the split canopy, but there was no difference in average total length of lateral/cane between trellis types. Total dry weight/cane was 22% greater in the split trellis, but component partitioning/cane was consistent between the two systems with fruit + laterals (43%) having the greatest above-ground biomass, followed by the stem (30% to 33%) and the leaves (21% to 22%). Measurement of canopy width, circumference, and light interception showed that the split-trellis canopy filled in more quickly, and was larger from preanthesis through postharvest. Light interception near the top of the split canopy was 30% greater 1 month before harvest with 98% interception near the top and middle of that canopy. There was no difference between the trellis types in leaf CO2 assimilation, spectra, or fluorescence through the fruiting season, or in total nitrogen of postharvest primocane leaves.

Effects of Temperature and CO2Concentration on the Growth of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata), and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson ◽  
Maxine T. Highsmith ◽  
Elizabeth P. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf were grown in controlled-environment chambers at day/night temperatures of 32/23 or 26/17 C and CO2concentrations of 350 or 700 ppm. After 5 weeks, CO2enrichment to 700 ppm increased dry matter accumulation by 38, 26, and 29% in cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively, at 26/17 C and by 61, 41, and 29% at 32/23 C. Increases in leaf weight accounted for over 80% of the increase in total plant weight in cotton and spurred anoda in both temperature regimes. Leaf area was not increased by CO2enrichment. The observed increases in dry matter production with CO2enrichment were caused by increased net assimilation rate. In a second experiment, plants were grown at 350 ppm CO2and 29/23 C day/night for 17 days before exposure to 700 ppm CO2at 26/17 C for 1 week. Short-term exposure to high CO2significantly increased net assimilation rate, dry matter production, total dry weight, leaf dry weight, and specific leaf weight in comparison with plants maintained at 350 ppm CO2at 26/17 C. Increases in leaf weight in response to short-term CO2enrichment accounted for 100, 87, and 68% of the observed increase in total plant dry weight of cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively. Comparisons among the species showed that CO2enrichment decreased the weed/crop ratio for total dry weight, possibly indicating a potential competitive advantage for cotton under elevated CO2, even at suboptimum temperatures.

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