Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) Interference in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Coble ◽  
F. M. Williams ◽  
R. L. Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Naturally Occurring

The influence of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL.) interference on soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Ransom’] yield was studied in the field utilizing naturally occurring weed populations. The damage-threshold population for a full-season, in-row common ragweed infestation was four weeds/10 m of row, which resulted in an 8% yield loss. Soybeans kept weed-free for 2 weeks or longer after emergence in a dry year produced normal yields, but 4 weeks of weed-free maintenance was required when adequate moisture was available early in the growing season. Soybean yield was not reduced by a natural population of common ragweed if the period of interference was limited to 6 weeks or less after crop emergence. By 8 weeks after emergence, common ragweed height averaged 25 cm taller than soybeans, and the weed canopy intercepted 24% of the photosynthetically active radiation.

Simulation of Competition for Photosynthetically Active Radiation Between Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) and Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Chikoye ◽  
Leslie A. Hunt ◽  
Clarence J. Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Active Radiation

The influence of weeds on crop yield is not only dependent on weed-related factors such as density and time of emergence, but also on environmental and management factors that affect both the weed and crop through time. This study was undertaken to develop the first physiologically based dry bean model that would account for the influence of weed competition. The specific objective was to develop a model that would account for the influence of weed competition on crop yield, and to use this model to test the hypothesis that crop yield losses resulted from competition for photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). To this end, a model that simulated the growth and development of dry bean was developed. The model performed daily calculations and simulated the phenology, leaf area expansion, dry matter production and distribution, and grain yield of dry bean based on weather and management information, but assumed adequate water and nutrients. The model was calibrated without weed competition at two locations and yr, and for these situations, adequately described the growth and development of the crop. Simulations were then run for five common ragweed densities and two times of emergence. Common ragweed leaf area was read into the model from input files and used to simulate weed shading. Shading of the dry bean canopy by common ragweed accounted for about 50 to 70% of the yield losses observed in field studies when weeds emerged with the crop. Weed shading did not account for the yield reduction measured from weeds that emerged at the second trifoliate stage of crop growth. The agreement between model predictions and field studies was consistent with the hypothesis that competition for PAR was a principal factor in weed-crop interaction. The ability to account for differences in weed densities, management, and environmental conditions suggested that modeling was a useful tool for evaluating the interaction among weeds and crops.

Impact of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) aggregation on economic thresholds in soybean

Weed Science ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 947-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Cowbrough ◽  
Ralph B. Brown ◽  
François J. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Economic Thresholds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Loss Models

One approach to site-specific weed control is to map weeds within a field and then divide the field area into smaller grid units. The decision to apply a herbicide to individual grid units, or decision units, is made by using yield loss models to establish an economic threshold level. However, decision units often contain weed populations with aggregated distributions. Many yield loss models have not considered this because experiments dealing with weed–crop competition typically assume uniform weed distributions. Therefore, these models may overestimate yield losses. Field experiments conducted in 1999 and 2000 compared the effects of common ragweed having a uniform distribution vs. an aggregated distribution on soybean seed yield, moisture content, and dockage. Field experiment data were used to calculate and compare economic thresholds for both distributions. Economic thresholds that considered drying costs and dockage also were compared. There was no significant difference inIparameters (yield loss as density approaches zero) between the two ragweed distributions in either year. Seed moisture content and dockage increased with increasing common ragweed densities, but increases were not significant at the break-even yield loss level. Economic threshold values were similar for both distributions with differences between aggregated and uniform of 0.14 and 0.01 plants m−2in 1999 and 2000, respectively. The economic threshold values were reduced by 0.01 to 0.06 plants m−2when drying costs and dockage were considered.

Effect of Three Weed Control Regimes on No-Till and Tilled Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward L. Robinson ◽  
George W. Langdale ◽  
John A. Stuedemann
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
The Third ◽  
No Till

Postemergence applications or a combination of preemergence and postemergence treatments in double cropped soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Ransom’] resulted in higher soybean yields than preemergence applications. Preemergence-treated plots were 98% weed free early in the growing season; however, weeds emerged later and reduced yields. Weeds had to be controlled in soybeans for 90% of the growing season to avoid yield loss. Soybean yields were higher under no-till than conventionally tilled management in two of three years and tended to be higher during the third year. Distribution and timing of rainfall were more important in determining soybean yield than the total amount received during the growing season.

scholarly journals Transmittance of young Norway spruce stand canopy for photosynthetically active radiation during the growing season

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
Irena Marková ◽  
Jiří Kubásek
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sky Conditions ◽  
Phenological Phases

Analysis of transmittance of young Norway spruce stand canopy for photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was made at the study site of Bílý Kříž (the Moravian-Silesian Beskids Mts., the Czech Republic) at different sky conditions during the growing season in 2010. For the description of PAR transmittance different phenological phases of the spruce stand development in clear and overcast days were chosen. The mean daily PAR transmittance of the spruce canopy was significantly higher in overcast days compared with clear ones. Diffuse PAR thus penetrated into lower parts of the canopy more efficiently than direct one. PAR transmittance of young Norway spruce stand canopy was different in individual phenological phases of the spruce stand canopy which was caused by changes in the stand structure during the growing season. Thus monitoring of transmittance of young Norway spruce stand canopy for PAR can help to describe the development of spruce stand canopy.

scholarly journals Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) Causes Severe Yield Losses in Soybean and Impairs Bradyrhizobium japonicum Infection

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1616
Author(s):  
Rea Maria Hall ◽  
Bernhard Urban ◽  
Helmut Wagentristl ◽  
Gerhard Karrer ◽  
Anna Winter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
The Mean

Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Asteraceae), known as common ragweed, is an annual herbaceous species native to North America that has become one of the most economically important weeds in arable fields throughout Central Europe. Its large ecological amplitude enables the species to become established in several types of environments, and management options to effectively contain its spread are limited due to a lack of efficacy, high cost, or lack of awareness. In the last decade, in particular, soybean fields have been severely affected by common ragweed invasion. However, until now, information on the yield-decreasing effects of the plant has been scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the competition effects of common ragweed on (1) soybean growth (aboveground/belowground), (2) the yield of two different soybean cultivars, and (3) the nodulation potential. Based on a greenhouse and biennial field trial, we found that in plots with the highest common ragweed biomass, the soybean yield loss accounted for 84% compared to the weed-free control, on average. The number of nodules, in addition to the mean nodule weight, which are tightly correlated with soybean yield, were significantly reduced by the presence of common ragweed. Just one common ragweed plant per square meter reduced the number of nodules by 56%, and consequently led to a decrease in yield of 18%. Although it has been reported that the genus Ambrosia produces and releases several types of secondary metabolites, little is known about the influence of these chemical compounds on soybean growth and nodulation. Thus, there is substantial need for research to understand the mechanisms behind the interaction between common ragweed and soybean, with a view to finding new approaches for improved common ragweed control, thereby protecting soybean and other crops against substantial yield losses.

scholarly journals A Whole-plant, Open, Gas-exchange System for Measuring Net Photosynthesis of Potted Woody Plants

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 944-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Miller ◽  
G.S. Howell ◽  
J.A. Flore
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Exchange System ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Gas Exchange System

Chambers were constructed to measure gas exchange of entire potted grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.). The plant enclosures were constructed from Mylar film, which is nearly transparent to photosynthetically active radiation. Maintaining a slight, positive, internal pressure allowed the Mylar chambers to inflate like balloons and required no other means of support. The whole-plant, gas-exchange chamber design and construction were simple and inexpensive. They were assembled easily, equilibrated quickly, and did not require cooling. They allowed for the measurement of many plants in a relatively short period. This system would enable the researcher to make replicated comparisons of treatment influences on whole-plant CO2 assimilation throughout the growing season. While CO2 measurement was the focus of this project, it would be possible to measure whole-plant transpiration with this system.

Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) Control in Soybean (Glycine max) with Bentazon as Influenced by Imazethapyr or Thifensulfuron Tank-mixes

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 766-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Hager ◽  
Karen Renner
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Petroleum Oil

Several herbicides control common ragweed postemergence in soybean. However, weed response may be altered if herbicides are tank-mixed and the choice of additive may also influence the degree of weed control. Imazethapyr and thifensulfuron could be tank-mixed with bentazon for broadleaf weed control and visual crop injury reduced compared to a bentazon plus acifluorfen tank-mix. Experiments determined common ragweed control with these herbicides and herbicide combinations when applied with various additives. In the greenhouse, bentazon at 560 g ai/ha reduced common ragweed dry weight 95 to 97%. Common ragweed control with imazethapyr at 35 g/ha increased by 13 and 7% when 28% urea ammonium nitrate was applied with nonionic surfactant or petroleum oil adjuvant, respectively. Tank-mixing imazethapyr with bentazon did not change dry weight of common ragweed compared with bentazon. Bentazon plus thifensulfuron plus nonionic surfactant required the addition of 28% urea ammonium nitrate to reduce dry weight of common ragweed comparable to that with bentazon. In field research, bentazon at 1120 g/ha reduced common ragweed dry weight 78 to 81%. Tank-mixing bentazon with thifensulfuron at 4.5 g/ha or imazethapyr at 71 or 35 g/ha reduced common ragweed dry weight at 14 d after treatment by 89 to 91%, thus enhancing control compared to each herbicide applied alone. Adding 28% urea ammonium nitrate to bentazon plus imazethapyr or bentazon plus thifensulfuron tank-mixes did not increase control compared to these treatments applied with either nonionic surfactant or petroleum oil adjuvant. By 28 d after treatment only imazethapyr at 35 or 71 g/ha plus 28% urea ammonium nitrate plus nonionic surfactant or petroleum oil adjuvant and bentazon plus imazethapyr tank-mixes provided 85% or more control of common ragweed in 1991, and only imazethapyr at 71 g/ha plus 28% urea ammonium nitrate plus petroleum oil adjuvant or imazethapyr at 71 g/ha plus bentazon provided greater than 78% common ragweed control in 1992. Soybean yield was not different from the handweeded control only where bentazon plus 71 g/ha of imazethapyr or acifluorfen at 560 g/ha was applied.

Influence of Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) Time of Emergence and Density on White Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Chikoye ◽  
Stephan F. Weise ◽  
Clarence J. Swanton
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Large White ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
White Bean

Common ragweed is a major problem in white bean production systems in Ontario. The influence of time of emergence and density of common ragweed on white bean growth and seed yield was examined in Ontario at Elora in 1990, and at Woodstock and Staffa in 1991 and 1992. Ragweed emerged with white bean seedlings (VE) and at the second trifoliate stage of white bean (V3). Time of ragweed emergence and weed density affected white bean yield at all locations. When 1.5 ragweed seedlings m−1of row emerged at the VE stage of crop growth 10 to 22% seed yield loss occurred. Yield losses of 4 to 9% occurred when 1.5 ragweed seedlings m−1of row emerged at the V3 crop stage. Yield loss parameter estimates, i.e., the predicted weed-free crop yield (YWF) and the maximum yield loss (A), varied among locations and with time of ragweed emergence, whereas the parameter for yield loss at low weed density (I) was more consistent across all locations and times of weed emergence. Although I values were relatively consistent across locations and times of ragweed emergence, the standard errors associated with each estimate were large. White bean leaf area index, above-ground biomass and pod number m−2were affected most by ragweed interference. White bean density, number of seeds per pod, and seed weight per plant were not affected by ragweed interference. Ragweed emerging at VE and V3 produced a maximum of 6000 and 1000 seeds m−2, respectively. Time of ragweed emergence may be more important than weed density when evaluating weed control options.

Penetration, Translocation, and Metabolism of Acifluorfen in Soybean (Glycine max), Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), and Common Cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicum)

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Ritter ◽  
Harold D. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Penetration, translocation, and metabolism of acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} in soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Ransom’], common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL.), and common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.) were studied. Using liquid scintillation spectrometry and autoradiography, little movement of14C-acifluorfen from the leaf surfaces of the two weed species could be detected in 24 h. After 48 h, less14C was recovered from the leaf surface and more was found within the leaves of the two weed species. Autoradiographs of the weed showed limited acropetal movement of14C from leaves 24 and 48 h after treatment. For soybean, most of the14C still remained on the leaf surface after 48 h. Autoradiographs of soybean plants showed no movement from the treated leaflet. Studies using thin layer chromatography suggested that acifluorfen was metabolized within the plants. Rate of metabolism was inversely related to plant susceptibility (common ragweed and common cocklebur>soybean). The more rapid penetration and translocation, coupled with slower metabolism of acifluorfen by the weed species in comparison to soybean, may account for the difference in susceptibility of the weeds and soybean to acifluorfen.

scholarly journals Global-scale pattern of peatland <i>Sphagnum</i> growth driven by photosynthetically active radiation and growing season length

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2737-2746 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Loisel ◽  
A. V. Gallego-Sala ◽  
Z. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Season Length ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
Global Data

Abstract. High-latitude peatlands contain about one third of the world's soil organic carbon, most of which is derived from partly decomposed Sphagnum (peat moss) plants. We conducted a meta-analysis based on a global data set of Sphagnum growth measurements collected from published literature to investigate the effects of bioclimatic variables on Sphagnum growth. Analysis of variance and general linear models were used to relate Sphagnum magellanicum and S. fuscum growth rates to photosynthetically active radiation integrated over the growing season (PAR0) and a moisture index. We found that PAR0 was the main predictor of Sphagnum growth for the global data set, and effective moisture was only correlated with moss growth at continental sites. The strong correlation between Sphagnum growth and PAR0 suggests the existence of a global pattern of growth, with slow rates under cool climate and short growing seasons, highlighting the important role of growing season length in explaining peatland biomass production. Large-scale patterns of cloudiness during the growing season might also limit moss growth. Although considerable uncertainty remains over the carbon balance of peatlands under a changing climate, our results suggest that increasing PAR0 as a result of global warming and lengthening growing seasons, without major change in cloudiness, could promote Sphagnum growth. Assuming that production and decomposition have the same sensitivity to temperature, this enhanced growth could lead to greater peat-carbon sequestration, inducing a negative feedback to climate change.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document