Kyllinga brevifolia, K. squamulata, andK. pumilaseed germination as influenced by temperature, light, and nitrate

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Lowe ◽  
Ted Whitwell ◽  
Lambert B. McCarty ◽  
William C. Bridges
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Minimum Light ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Diurnal Temperatures

Kyllingaspecies are becoming more prevalent in turfgrass sites throughout North America. The effects of nitrate (50, 200, and 400 mg L−1), temperature (33/24, 25/17, 19/11 C day/night, respectively), and light on seed germination of threeKyllingaspecies were investigated in growth chambers. Nitrate concentrations did not stimulateKyllingaspecies seed germination compared with untreated seeds. AllKyllingaspecies seeds failed to germinate in darkness but resumed germination once they were placed in light. This is an important pest management strategy because a dense, uniform turfgrass stand with its minimum light penetration to the soil would minimizeKyllingaspecies seed germination. Higher temperatures increased seed germination rate and percentage of each species after 8 wk. Maximal (> 90%)K. brevifoliagermination occurred 2 to 4 wk after initiation in every seed study, whereasK. squamulataseeds germinated continuously. Minimal (< 10%)K. pumilaseeds germinated until alternating diurnal temperatures were imposed.

scholarly journals A volatile compound 2undecanone increases walking but not flying tomato potato psyllid movement toward an odour source

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Davidson ◽  
R.C. Butler ◽  
N.M. Taylor ◽  
M-C. Nielsen ◽  
C.E. Sansom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Volatile Compound ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Potato Psyllid ◽  
Bactericera Cockerelli ◽  
Odour Source ◽  
Important Pest

Bactericera cockerelli (tomato potato psyllid; TPP) is an important pest of solanaceous crops in New Zealand and North America A volatile compound that alters the behaviour of TPP could be developed into a component of an integrated pest management strategy for solanaceous crops One compound 2undecanone was found to increase the percentages of female and male TPP (65 P

scholarly journals Rough Bluegrass Germination Varies with Temperature and Cultivar/Seed Lot

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhua Liu ◽  
James J. Camberato ◽  
S. Bruce Martin ◽  
Amy V. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Poa Trivialis ◽  
Putting Green ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Growth Chambers

Rough bluegrass (Poa trivialis L.) is being utilized more frequently to overseed bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] putting greens and rapid seed germination is necessary for successful establishment. Cultivar and seed lot differences in germination rate and sensitivity to cold may exist. Germination of 10 rough bluegrass cultivars/seed lots was examined in growth chambers at 12-hour day/12-hour night temperatures of 25/15, 20/10, 15/5, and 10/0 °C, and on a bermudagrass putting green at three overseeding dates. Differences in germination among cultivars and seed lots were minimal at 25/15 or 20/10 °C, but substantial at lower temperatures. When seeded on the bermudagrass putting green, differences in germination among cultivars/seed lots were greater at the last seeding date (average daily max./min. of 16/2.7 °C), than at the first seeding dates (average daily max./min. of 21/6.1 °C). Use of blends of several cultivars or seed lots is suggested to ensure the successful establishment of rough bluegrass when overseeding at low temperatures.

scholarly journals 346 Effects of Gibberellic Acid and Seed Location on Seed Germination of Echinacea pallida

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 503A-503
Author(s):  
Ali O. Sari ◽  
Mario R. Morales ◽  
James E. Simon
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Echinacea Pallida ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Storage Temperatures

Echinacea pallida, one of the three medicinal Echinacea species native to North America, is generally wildcrafted, and low and uneven seed germination are obstacles to its widespread cultivation. Nonstratified E. pallida seeds were treated with 2500, 3500, and 4500 mg/L GA3 to increase seed germination. Treated seeds were directly germinated at 25 °C and 25/15 °C (14/10h) or stored at 5 and 10 °C for 4, 8, and 12 weeks before germination at the same temperatures. Seed germination across treatments was higher at 25 °C (19%) than at 25/15 °C (14%). Application of 2500, 3500, and 4500 mg/L GA3 significantly increased seed germination rate and total seed germination of nonstratified seeds of E. pallida and resulted in 44%, 50%, and 63% total seed germination, respectively, while untreated control seeds germinated at only 9%. The effect of GA3 as a germination stimulant increased with cold storage, with maximum germination (83%) occurring after seeds were treated with 4500 mg/L GA3 and an 8-week cold storage period at 10 °C. The effect of cold storage periods of 4, 8, and 12 weeks and cold storage temperatures of 5 and 10 °C on seed germination were generally similar. Seeds collected from the upper rows of the seed heads germinated significantly higher (10.6%) than those collected from the lowest seed rows (2.4%).

scholarly journals TEMPERATURE - GERMINATION RESPONSES OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) GENOTYPES / GERMINACION COMO REACCION A LA TEMPERATURA EN LOS GENOTIPOS DEL GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) / GERMINATION - RÉACTION À LA TEMPÉRATURE DANS LES GÉNOTYPES DE TOURNESOL (Helianthus annuus L.)

Helia ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (33) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
F.M. Khalifa ◽  
A.A. Schneiter ◽  
E.I. El Tayeb
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cardinal Temperature

SUMMARY Seed germination of six sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids was investigated across a range of eleven constant temperatures between 5°C and 45°C. Large temperature differences in germination rate 1/t (d-1), cardinal temperature (°C) and thermal time θ (°cd) were observed among hybrids. Base temperatures (Tb) varied between 3.3°C and 6.7°C whereas maximum germination temperatures (Tm) varied between 41.7°C and 48.9°C. Final germination fraction was attained at 15°C - 25°C whereas the maximum rate of germination was attained at 30.4°C - 35.6°C. The maximum germination rate of hybrid USDA 894, the cultivar with the slowest germination rate, was only 50% of that of hybrid EX 47. The low Tb and high Tm of sunflower appear to be one of the factors which explain the successful adaptation of sunflower to a wide range of temperature. These findings are discussed in relation to the origin of the crop and its wide adaptations in diverse habitats and climatic zones.

scholarly journals Study on farmers’ Pest management strategy, knowledge on pesticide safety and practice of pesticide use at Bhaktapur district, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1916168
Author(s):  
Susan Thapa ◽  
Gaetano Piras ◽  
Sudesh Thapa ◽  
Arjun Goswami ◽  
Prabas Bhandari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Pesticide Safety

scholarly journals Effect of Oak Tree Sawdust Fermentation Period on Peanut Seed Germination, Seedling Biomass, and Morphology

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Junsik Ahn ◽  
Soyeon Oh ◽  
Yang Joo Kang ◽  
KiBum Kim ◽  
Sung-Kwon Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Oak Tree ◽  
Fermentation Period ◽  
Seedling Characteristics

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds were germinated to investigate the effect of the fermentation period of oak tree sawdust on germination viability and seedling characteristics. Its germination rate, seedling weight, length, and total vigor index were assessed. The seeds were sown in oak tree sawdust fermented for 0, 30, 45, and 60 days. The germination rates of the seeds in fermented sawdust were significantly different. The seeds in the 45-day fermented sawdust produced the heaviest biomass weight (4.6 g) with the longest true leaf (1.7 cm) and hypocotyl (3.4 cm) resulting in the highest total vigor index (925.8). In contrast, seeds in 0-day fermented sawdust had the lowest total vigor index (18.3). Microbiome analysis showed that the microbial community in the sawdust changed as the fermentation progressed, indicating that the microbial community seems to affect seed germination physiology. Taken together, 45-day fermented sawdust is recommended for optimal peanut seed germination and seedling growth.

scholarly journals Raw and Fermented Alfalfa Brown Juice Induces Changes in the Germination and Development of French Marigold (Tagetes patula L.) Plants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076
Author(s):  
Döme Barna ◽  
Szilvia Kisvarga ◽  
Szilvia Kovács ◽  
Gábor Csatári ◽  
Ibolya O. Tóth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Horticultural Practice ◽  
Brown Juice

Organic and ecological farming programs require new and efficient biostimulants with beneficial properties for the sustainable and safe production of seedlings and ornamental plants. We examined the effect of non-fermented and lacto-fermented alfalfa brown juice (BJ) on seed germination and the vegetative, physiological, and anatomical properties of French marigold (Tagetes patula L. ‘Csemő’) plants which were treated with 0.5–10% fermented and non-fermented BJ, with tap water applied as a control. Applying 0.5% fermented BJ significantly improved seed germination compared with non-fermented BJ, resulting in an increase of 9.6, 11.2, 10.9, and 41.7% in the final germination percent, germination rate index, germination index, and vigor index, respectively. In addition, it increased the root and shoot length by 7.9 and 16.1%, respectively, root and shoot dry mass by 20 and 47.6%, respectively, and the number of leaves by 28.8% compared to the control. Furthermore, an increase in contents of water-soluble phenol, chlorophyll a and b, and carotenoid was reported upon the application of 0.5% fermented BJ, while peroxidase activity decreased. Our results prove that alfalfa BJ can be enrolled as a biostimulant as part of the circular farming approach which supports the sustainable horticultural practice.

Alleviation of dormancy in annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) seeds by hydration and after-ripening

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 968-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Gallagher ◽  
Kathryn J. Steadman ◽  
Andrew D. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Dormant Seed ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Two Populations

The effect of hydration (priming) treatment on dormancy release in annual ryegrass seeds from two populations was investigated. Hydration duration, number, and timing with respect to after-ripening were compared in an experiment involving 15 treatment regimens for 12 wk. Seeds were hydrated at 100% relative humidity for 0, 2, or 10 d at Weeks 1, 6, or 12 of after-ripening. Dormancy status was assessed after each hydration treatment by measuring seed germination at 12-hourly alternating 25/15 C (light/dark) periods using seeds directly from the hydration treatment and seeds subjected to 4 d postpriming desiccation. Seeds exposed to one or more hydration events during the 12 wk were less dormant than seeds that remained dry throughout after-ripening. The longer hydration of 10 d promoted greater dormancy loss than either a 2-d hydration or no hydration. For the seed lot that was most dormant at the start of the experiment, two or three rather than one hydration event or a hydration event earlier rather than later during after-ripening promoted greater dormancy release. These effects were not significant for the less-dormant seed lot. For both seed lots, the effect of a single hydration for 2 d at Week 1 or 6 of after-ripening was not manifested until the test at Week 12 of the experiment, suggesting that the hydration events alter the rate of dormancy release during subsequent after-ripening. A hydrothermal priming time model, usually used for modeling the effect of priming on germination rate of nondormant seeds, was successfully applied to dormancy release resulting from the hydration treatments.

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