Report on the buried soil

1987 ◽  
Vol 53 (S2) ◽  
pp. 32-32
Author(s):  
Helen C.M. Keeley
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Acid Grassland ◽  
Buried Soil

Present-day soils in the Borwick area form the Carnforth Association, i.e. freely drained gravelly brown earths, some calcareous brown earths and peaty gleys and peaty soils in hollows. pH is normally 6 to 7, with some soil pH higher than 7.The buried soil beneath the cairn was a truncated stagnopodzol with a pH of 7.35. The Eag, Bf and Bs horizons were present but the lack of a topsoil and relatively high pH suggested that pollen analysis of the soil would be unproductive. Similarly, detailed soil analysis was unlikely to add to the interpretation of the site and was therefore not pursued. The development of podsolised soils on such gravels is not unusual and may indicate that the vegetation at the time the cairn was constructed was acid grassland or moorland. The soil pH would have been on the acid side at this stage, rising subsequently due to downward leaching of the calcium carbonate from the overlying limestone of the enclosure.

scholarly journals The pH-based ecological coherence of active canonical methanotrophs in paddy soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1451-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Yuanfeng Cai ◽  
Zhongjun Jia
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Niche Specialization ◽  
Rice Paddy Soils

Abstract. Soil pH is considered one of the main determinants of the assembly of globally distributed microorganisms that catalyze the biogeochemical cycles of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). However, direct evidence for niche specialization of microorganisms in association with soil pH is still lacking. Using methane-oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs) as a model system of C cycling, we show that pH is potentially the key driving force selecting for canonical γ (type I) and α (type II) methanotrophs in rice paddy soils. DNA-based stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) was combined with high-throughput sequencing to reveal the taxonomic identities of active methanotrophs in physiochemically contrasting soils from six different paddy fields across China. Following microcosm incubation amended with 13CH4, methane was primarily consumed by Methylocystis-affiliated type II methanotrophs in soils with a relatively low pH (5.44–6.10), whereas Methylobacter- or Methylosarcina-affiliated type I methanotrophs dominated methane consumption in soils with a high pH (7.02–8.02). Consumption of 13CH4 contributed 0.203 % to 1.25 % of soil organic C, but no significant difference was observed between high-pH and low-pH soils. The fertilization of ammonium nitrate resulted in no significant changes in the compositions of 13C-labeled methanotrophs in the soils, although significant inhibition of methane oxidation activity was consistently observed in low-pH soils. Mantel analysis further validated that soil pH, rather than other parameters tested, had significant correlation to the variation in active methanotrophic compositions across different rice paddy soils. These results suggest that soil pH might have played a pivotal role in mediating the niche differentiation of ecologically important aerobic methanotrophs in terrestrial ecosystems and imply the importance of such niche specialization in regulating methane emissions in paddy fields following increasingly intensified input of anthropogenic N fertilizers.

Growth, Fruit Yield, Photosynthetic Characteristics, and Leaf Microelement Concentration of Two Blueberry Cultivars under Different Long-Term Soil pH Treatments

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqin Jiang ◽  
Qilong Zeng ◽  
Jiguang Wei ◽  
Jiafeng Jiang ◽  
Yajing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Flowering Date

Soil pH is a key factor affecting the growth of blueberries. Understanding the response mechanism of blueberries to different pH values and selecting suitable evaluation indexes are the basis of breeding new blueberry cultivars with high pH tolerances. The effects of different soil pH treatments for 17 months on the plant growth, fruit yield, photosynthetic characteristics, and leaf microelement concentration of Vaccinium ashei Reade ‘Climax’ and V. corymbosum hybrid ‘Chaoyue No. 1′ were studied. Plant height, main stem diameter, branch number per plant, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, root dry weight, and total dry weight decreased with increasing soil pH. With an increase in soil pH, the first flowering date, 50% flowering date, first ripening date, and 50% ripening date of the two cultivars were postponed, and the flower bud numbers per plant, the floret numbers per bud, and yield per plant showed a downward trend. Moreover, the fruit quality decreased, which was reflected in the increase in the titratable acid content (TA) and the decrease in the total soluble solids content (TSS) and the TSS:TA ratio in the high pH treatment. With increasing soil pH, the chlorophyll content index (CCI), maximal photochemical efficiency of the PSII (Fv/Fm), quantum photosynthetic yield of the PSII (Y(II)) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of the two cultivars showed a downward trend, and some microelement concentrations in the leaves were imbalanced. Under high pH treatment, ‘Chaoyue No. 1′ had a relatively higher plant biomass and fruit yield, so it had a stronger tolerance to high pH than ‘Climax’ did. More strongly acidified rhizosphere soil capacity, as well as higher CCI, Fv/Fm, Y(II), and Pn values were the main reasons for the high pH tolerance of ‘Chaoyue No. 1′. Compared with destructive biomass indicators such as plant weight, nondestructive indicators such as CCI, Fv/Fm, and Y(II) can be more valuable indicators for fast and accurate evaluation of blueberry tolerance to high pH at early stages of treatment.

The Identification, Lateral Variation, and Chronology of two Buried Paleocatenas at Woodhall Spa and West Runton, England

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.W.G. Valentine ◽  
J.B. Dalrymple
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Important Criterion ◽  
Buried Soils ◽  
Lateral Variation ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Definite Evidence ◽  
Iron Mobilization ◽  
Buried Soil

Two buried paleocatenas were studied to determine some features and techniques by which buried soils could be recognized, and to define their pedological characteristics, their lateral variation, and their contemporary environment. At Woodhall Spa, Lincolnshire, a ferric podzol to sandy gley sequence was developed in sands under marine clay and fen peat. The peat was radiocarbon dated at about 4100 yr BP. The buried soil was evident from its obvious catenary character and the soil characteristics and contemporary environment were determined using sand mineralogy, micromorphology, and pollen analysis. At West Runton, Norfolk, an apparently similar ferric podzol sequence occurred in Beestonian sands and gravels under a layer of Cromerian organic muds. However, only the uppermost profile contained definite evidence of soil formation. Other lower profiles contained pseudosoil features produced by sedimentation or diagenetic subsurface iron mobilization. It is suggested that the occurrence of a paleocatena is the most important criterion for the identification of a buried soil. Sedimentation and diagenesis cannot reproduce this lateral variation.

The response of swede varieties and their hybrids to soil pH

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Denton ◽  
W. J. Whittington
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Inheritance Patterns ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Marked Resistance

SUMMARYFour swede varieties and their six F1 hybrids were grown for 2 years in plots varying in pH from 4·2 to 8·4. Yields were highest at intermediate pH's and the average yield of the hybrids was greater than that of the parents. The plants on the low pH plots (4·2, 4·6, 4·7) were less infected with mildew than those at high pH (6·7, 7·7, 8·4). There was no marked resistance to mildew amongst the varieties. The response by the parents and hybrids was assessed by regression analysis and showed that the variety Reform was most reactive and Harvester most stable. Stability patterns appeared to be inherited. Inheritance patterns for yield and number of leaves were determined. It was concluded that selection for better swedes should be carried out in environments other than those to which the crop is currently restricted.

Role of positive charge in the competitive effect of phosphate on sulfate sorption by an allophanic soil

Soil Research ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
KB Marsh ◽  
JK Syers ◽  
RW Tillman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Competitive Effect ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Allophanic Soil ◽  
Reduced Surface

The effect of phosphate (P) on the sorption of sulfate (S) by an allophanic soil with high surface positive charge was investigated in the pH range of 5.3-7.0 obtained by incubation with Ca(OH)2. The effect of P on S sorption was directly related to the effect of P on surface positive charge. At low soil pH, P reduced surface positive charge to a larger extent than at high pH and this was associated with a larger effect of P on S sorption.

scholarly journals Lowering of Calcareous Soil pH in Field-Grow Containers

1990 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
G. Kidder ◽  
M.J. Holsinger ◽  
T.H. Yeager
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Calcareous Soil ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Iron Sulfate ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Ph Reduction ◽  
One Year

Abstract Wettable sulfur (S) mixed with a Pineda fine sand (an Arenic Glossaqualf with 7.8 pH and 1.5% calcium carbonate equivalent) quickly acidified the soil, but the effect was lost within 8 weeks at low application rates and within 21 weeks at the highest rate (1 g S/kg soil or 1 lb S/1000 lb soil). Granular S mixed with the soil took one year to produce maximum pH reduction of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.9 pH units at 250, 500, and 1000 mg S/kg soil (1/4, 1/2, and 1 lb S/1000 lb soil), respectively . Wettable sulfur (S), surface-applied at 100 g/m2 (0.036 oz/10 ft2), lowered the pH of the upper 5 cm (2 in) of soil to the 5.6 to 5.8 range for one to two months before the pH returned to > 7.0; granular S took about five months to lower the pH to 6.7 but the soil pH was 6.2 two years after application. Wettable S at 20 g/kg soil (0.32 oz S/lb soil) in a small cylindrical zone resulted in a temporary depression of pH within the treated zone but had no effect on pH in other areas of the container. Mixing up to 1.0 g iron sulfate/kg soil (0.016 oz/lb soil) failed to reduce soil pH. Live-oak trunk diameter and plant height were not affected by any of the soil treatments in the two-year experiment.

scholarly journals Lime Requirement for New Jersey Blueberry-producing Soils

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Heckman ◽  
G.C. Pavlis ◽  
W.L. Anastasia
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Green House ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Ph Range

In New Jersey, the major soil series (Sassafras, Pocomoke, Berryland, Atsion, and Downer) used for blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) production often have soil pH levels much lower than the soil pH range of 4.0 to 5.2 that is considered satisfactory for blueberry. The lime requirements for these soils to achieve a target soil pH of 4.8 has not been established. Soils with current soil pH levels in the range of 3.3 to 3.9 were collected from eight New Jersey sites used for blueberry production. The soils were treated with various application rates of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and incubated in a green-house to estimate the lime requirement of each soil. After 70 days of incubation with CaCO3, results show that a general lime recommendation of 100 lb of calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE)/acre (112 kg·ha-1) for each one tenth of a soil pH unit increase desired would elevate pH of each of the soils to within a range (pH 4.3 to 5.0) that brackets the target pH of 4.8 without causing serious risk of overliming.

scholarly journals 235 Evaluation of Southern Pea Cultivars and Breeding Lines for Earliness, Maturity, and Yield in Multiple-year Trials in South Texas

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 431E-431
Author(s):  
L. Brandenberger ◽  
R. Wiedenfeld ◽  
R. Mercado ◽  
J. Lopez ◽  
T.E. Morelock
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Important Crop ◽  
High Soil ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Yields

Southern peas for the processing market are an important crop for producers in South Texas, but little testing of new varieties or breeding lines has been carried out. Grower field trials during three different years and an on station trial provided an opportunity to evaluate >30 different pea cultivars or breeding lines. Cultivars and breeding lines were evaluated for earliness, maturity, yield, and performance in high-pH soils. Yields varied significantly each season, with Arkansas Blackeye # 1 providing consistently high yields in the three grower trials. Both Arkansas 87-435-68 and Texas Pinkeye produced significantly higher yields in the high soil pH trial at Weslaco. Yields for Arkansas 87-435-68 and Texas Pinkeye in the Weslaco trial were 1428 and 1231 lb of dry peas per acre, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of black peat, pH and Mg on growth of heather on sandy soil.

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
H. Niers ◽  
J. van der Boon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Mg Content

Eight field trials were carried out with various heather cultivars (Calluna vulgaris Carmen, Cuprea, Robert Chapman; Erica tetralix Con Underwood; E. carnea [herbacea] King George and E. cinerea C.D. Eason). Peat at 0-8 msuperscript 3/100 msuperscript 2 was incorporated into the top soil or applied as a layer and soil pH-KCl was maintained at levels between 3 and 6.8. Increasing peat application up to 4 msuperscript 3/100 msuperscript 2 improved the growth and quality (visual rating) of the stand; higher amounts had little additional effect. Peat applied as a layer gave some slightly better results than peat incorporated into the topsoil. A soil pH-KCl value of 4.2 was the optimum for growth of most cultivars and reasonable growth could be expected in the range 3.8-4.7. Cv. King George was more tolerant to high pH than cultivars of the other species tested. In 3 trials with Calluna cultivars MgO application at 150 or 200 kg/ha increased the Mg content of the soil and shoots but had a slight negative effect on growth. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Correlation between soil pH of collection site and the tolerance of wild genotypes of Lupinus angustifolius L. to neutral pH

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Robson ◽  
C. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Wide Range

Summary. Lupinus angustifolius L. grows poorly on alkaline soils, and high pH appeared to be a major limiting factor. In this study, 30 wild genotypes of this species collected from soils with a wide range of pH (4.2–9.0) and texture (coarse sand–clay) were grown in nutrient solution for 22 days to examine their tolerance of pH 7. Cultivars of L. angustifolius, L. pilosus, L. luteus and Pisum sativum were included for comparison. Root length, nodule number, chlorophyll and iron concentrations in leaves were lower in almost all wild genotypes grown at pH 7.0 compared with those at pH 5.2. However, there was large variation in growth and nodulation in response to high pH among genotypes. Compared with the value at pH 5.2, shoot weight at pH 7.0 ranged from 41 to 120%, chlorophyll concentration from 8 to 75%, iron concentration from 22 to 70%, root weight from 27 to 109%, root elongation rate from 61 to 96% and nodule number from 0 to 86%. However, the tolerance (as assessed by growth and nodulation) of these wild genotypes to pH 7.0 was not correlated with soil pH or texture at collection site, but iron chlorosis at pH 7.0 was weakly correlated with collection site soil texture (r = –0.36, n = 30) and seed size (r = –0.45, n = 30), and early root elongation correlated with seed size (r = –0.55, n = 30). In addition, some wild genotypes appeared to be more tolerant to pH 7.0 than existing cultivars of L. angustifolius. The results confirm that soil pH at collection site (as recorded in the Agriculture Western Australia International Lupin Collection) is not a useful indicator for selecting high pH-tolerant genotypes of L. angustifolius.

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