The psychology of inherence is self-referential (and that is a good thing)

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
Fred L. Bookstein
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Good Thing ◽  
Human Reasoning ◽  
The Core

AbstractCimpian & Salomon (C&S) appear to characterize the inherence heuristic and essentialism as unwise or childish aspects of human reasoning. But actually, these cognitive modes lie at the core of statistical analysis across all of the quantitative sciences, including the developmental cognitive psychology in which the argument here is couched. Their whole argument is as much an example of its topic as an analysis of it.

Monastic charitable provision in Tudor England: quantifying and qualifying poor relief in the early sixteenth century

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
NEIL S. RUSHTON
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Poor Relief ◽  
Tudor England ◽  
The Core ◽  
Tax Assessment ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
National Tax ◽  
The Church

Monastic charitable provision in the later Middle Ages through to the Dissolution has often been described as inadequate in terms of both quantity and quality. It has been accused of ineffectiveness because of its allegedly indiscriminate nature. This article suggests that in fact the religious houses and hospitals of England were providing a greater amount of poor relief in a more assiduous manner than has previously been allowed. The core of evidence comes from the 1535 national tax assessment of the Church, the Valor Ecclesiasticus. This contains details of the charitable provision carried out by most monasteries and hospitals as recorded by Crown commissions. After allowances have been made for the bias in the survey, a statistical analysis is carried out which indicates that an upward reassessment should be made of the quantity of monastic charity. Qualitative evidence from both the Valor Ecclesiasticus and from other contemporary sources also suggests that the pre-Reformation Church was providing genuinely beneficial poor relief.

scholarly journals Effect of the action of diamond burs with high speed on the tensile strength of cores cemented with zinc phosphate at different preparation times

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-410
Author(s):  
Vanilde Rocha Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Zinc Phosphate ◽  
Metallic Core ◽  
The Core ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Cobalt Chrome Alloy ◽  
Cobalt Chrome

Objective: To know the finishing effect, in order to be able to safely proceed with the cores preparation in the daily clinic, without compromising the prosthetic restoration longevity. Methods: This study used 48 human single-rooted premolars, which after the section of its crowns, were endodontically treated, and its root canal prepared 8 mm deep to receive cores casting in cobalt-chrome alloy. Cementing was made with zinc phosphate and the tensile test performed at different preparation times: G1 - without re-preparation after cementation (control); G2 - re-prepared 24 hours after cementation, and G3 - re-prepared 15 minutes after cementation. Results: Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in the tensile strength values in the different groups (p = 0.233), in other words, the core re-preparation 15 minutes or 24 hours after the cementation caused no significant reduction in tensile strength between the core and the root remaining when using the zinc phosphate cement. Conclusion: The metallic core re-preparation cast 15 minutes or 24 hours after cementation caused no significant reduction in tensile strength between the cast metallic core and the root remaining, although in absolute values there was an important difference.

scholarly journals Code-switching and translated/untranslated repetitions in Nuyorican Spanglish

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 12139
Author(s):  
Marina Semenova
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Freedom Of Choice ◽  
The Core ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Poetic Texts ◽  
Internal Code

Nuyorican Spanglish is a variety of Spanglish used primarily by people of Puerto Rican origin living in New York. Like many other varieties of the hybrid Spanglish idiom, it is based on extensive code-switching. The objective of the article is to discuss the main features of code-switching as a strategy in Nuyrican Spanglish applying the methods of linguistic, componential, distribution and statistical analysis. The paper focuses on prosiac and poetic texts created in Nuyrican Spanglish between 1978 and 2020, including the novel Yo-Yo Boing! by Giannina Braschi and 142 selected Boricua poems, which allows us to make certain observations on the philosophy and identity of Nuyorican Spanglish speakers. As a result, two types of code-switching as a strategy are denoted: external and internal code-switching for both written and oral speech forms. Further, it is concluded that repetition, also falling into two categories (translated and untranslated), embodies the core values of Nuyorican Spanglish (freedom of choice and focus on the linguistic personality) and reflects the philosophical basis for code-switching.

scholarly journals The assessment of the efficacy of STRs panels recommended by the ISAG for canine pedigrees analysis for forensic casework

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Radko ◽  
Angelika Podbielska ◽  
Izabela A. Wierzbowska
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Dna Profile ◽  
Str Markers ◽  
Forensic Casework ◽  
The Core ◽  
Forensic Investigations

Abstract Canine DNA is widely used in forensic investigations, particularly in dog attacks cases on humans. Nowadays, STR markers are employed worldwide in forensic laboratories to test human and animal genotypes. In the study we analysed the effectiveness of panel – 18 STR as previously recommended by ISAG and the same panel with three additional markers – 21 STR, which has been recommended by ISAG as the core panel for dog identification since 2016. We calculated the PD, PID for these sets of panels and estimated RMP based on the DNA profile obtained during an investigation of a woman bitten by a dog. The high combined CPD value for 18 and 21 STRs showed values close to 1.0. The CPID value for theses panels was 5.2 × 10−10 to 6.4 × 10−14. Statistical analysis estimated the random DNA match, in the case of the woman bitten by a dog, with a probability of 4.3×1019 and 2.8×1022, using 18 and 21 STR panels respectively, and that the canine DNA profile from the crime scene originated from the suspected dog and not from another random dog. Our results show that both STR panels can be used effectively for individual identification and forensic casework.

scholarly journals On the interplay between interpretation and reasoning in compelling fallacies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léo Picat ◽  
Salvador Mascarenhas
Keyword(s):  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Broad Class ◽  
Task Design ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Human Reasoning ◽  
Value Judgment ◽  
Psychology Of Reasoning ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Illusory Inferences

We investigate the articulation between domain-general reasoning and interpretive processes in failures of deductive reasoning. We focus on illusory inferences from disjunction-like elements, a broad class of deductive fallacies studied in some detail over the past 15 years. These fallacies have received accounts grounded in reasoning processes, holding that human reasoning diverges from normative standards. A subset of these fallacies however can be analyzed differently: human reasoning is not to blame, instead the premises were interpreted in a non-obvious, yet perfectly predictable and reasonable way. Once we consider these interpretations, the apparent fallacious conclusion is no mistake at all. We give a two-factor account of these fallacies that incorporates both reasoning-based elements and interpretive elements, showing that they are not in real competition. We present novel experimental evidence in favor of our theory. Cognitive load such as induced by a dual-task design is known to hinder the interpretive mechanisms at the core of interpretation-based accounts of the fallacies of interest. In the first experiment of its kind using this paradigm with an inferential task instead of a simpler truth-value-judgment task, we found that the manipulation affected more strongly those illusions where our theory predicts that interpretive processes are at play. We conclude that the best way forward for the field to investigate the elusive line between reasoning and interpretation requires combining theories and methodologies from linguistic semantics and the psychology of reasoning.

scholarly journals FORMS МЪНОГО AND МАЛО IN RUSSIAN CHRONICLES OF THE 13TH TO 15TH CENTURIES AND COLLOCATIONS WITH THEM: COMPARATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE-STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
R.A. Vernyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
The Core ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
N Gram

The article is devoted to 1) the analysis of the chronicle contexts with the forms мъного and мало to determine parts of speech of these words in the Old Russian language, 2) the determination of the collocations and colligations with the forms мъного and мало in order to extract the patterns and N-grams which can be classified as the fixed lexical and grammatical chunks. This study presents the results regarding the specific forms of syntagmatics in determining parts of speech of these words. Having analyzed and compared the examples, we can infer that there was the evolution of non-finite forms into adverbs due to the activation of verb forms as the core of syntagma in the late manuscripts and the need to eliminate ambiguous connections of forms ending in -o if their semantics allows them to define both names and verb forms. It has been found that during the comprehensive analysis the modern research methods, especially the quantitative and statistical analysis, have an importance in extracting the collocations from the Old Russian texts. The article demonstrates statistically significant combinations - collocations obtained using the N-gram module.

Analyse géostatistique d'un noyau de barrage tel que construit

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Soulie ◽  
Marc Favre ◽  
Jean-Marie Konrad
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
Glacial Till ◽  
Test Quality ◽  
The Core ◽  
Geostatistical Approach ◽  
Spatial Coordinates ◽  
Compaction Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Compaction Degree

Conventional statistical analysis does not take into account the spatial coordinates of the control tests (water content, density, etc.). The geostatistical approach, by considering how the values of measured parameters vary from one location to another, takes into account both features: structure and randomness inherent in the core of the dam. This approach has been applied to the core of the LG-3 dam (James Bay project) built with glacial till. After obtaining the variograms, the problems of estimating the mean compaction degree of a given volume have been studied and the following questions have been analysed: What is the distribution of the degree of compaction of the control volume? What is the efficiency of the compaction control tests that were used during the construction of the dam? Is it possible to improve the efficiency of these tests? Keywords: earthfill, compaction test, quality control, statistical analysis.

Part IV Measurement, 11 Overview

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veljanovski Cento
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
The Core ◽  
Practical Guide ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Margin Analysis ◽  
Damage Claim

This chapter provides an overview to the issue, methods, and guidance on the quantification of cartel damages. The core of any damage claim are the price overcharges. The empirical techniques which can be used to estimate overcharges (and pass-on) are set out in the European Commission’s Practical Guide. There are four approaches to quantification: before and after; yardstick; cost and margin analysis; and economic theory. One or more of three quantitative techniques can be used to apply these methods: price and financial analysis; statistical analysis; and simulation models. In considering the methods used to estimate overcharges and lost profits, there are several considerations which recur and will often prove critical to a damage claim. The two most important are (a) the impact of non-cartel factors on prices; and (b) accurately determining the cartel period.

Empirical Study upon Management Collaboration in Construction Projects

2013 ◽  
Vol 438-439 ◽  
pp. 1647-1652
Author(s):  
Zhi Lu Zhen ◽  
Jian Ru Jian ◽  
Yan Bin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Management Style ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
The Core ◽  
Democratic Management ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Project Objectives

To study what and how factors impact on inter-organizational and inter-divisional collaboration in construction projects, a management collaboration model was established, and eight indicators of the model were figured out. A questionnaire including 20 questions designed and delivered to 488 participants from 85 projects, the data of samples analyzed and the correlation of variables calculated by multivariate software named R. Results show that 92.70 percent of respondents suggest that the different project objectives, the different organizational culture and the poor information exchange and communication are the core factors leading to conflict between the participant organizations. Multivariate statistical analysis results show that greater inter-divisional collaboration, more harmonious interpersonal relationship, slighter sense of hierarchy, stronger orientation of democratic management style, and better information exchange and communication can generate less conflicts and better inter-organizational collaboration.

scholarly journals Apical Leakage of Different Gutta-Percha Techniques: Thermafil, Js Quick-Fill, Soft Core, Microseal, System B and Lateral Condensation with a Computerized Fluid Filtration Meter

2007 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 097-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimet Gençoğlu ◽  
Hasan Oruçoğlu ◽  
Dilek Helvacıoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Soft Core ◽  
Fluid Filtration ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
The Core ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Apical Leakage

ABSTRACTObjectives: To investigate apical leakage of roots filled with 6 different gutta-percha techniques; Thermafil, JS Quick-Fill, Soft Core, Microseal, System B and lateral condensation using a new computerized filtration meter.Methods: Materials and Methods: 60 extracted single rooted teeth were used. Coronal part of each tooth was removed and the root canals were prepared with step-back technique. The roots were randomly divided into six groups of 10 teeth, filled by one of the obturation technique and Kerr sealer. The teeth were kept in 100% humidity for 2 years. After this period, apical parts of roots (10±0.05 mm) were attached to computerized fluid filtration meter. Apical leakage quantity was determined as μl.cmH2O-1.min-1.Results: Statistical analysis indicated that Thermafil, Soft Core, Quick-Fill and System B techniques showed lower leakage than Microseal and lateral condensation (P>.05). However, statistically no difference was found among the core techniques and no difference was found between microseal and lateral condensation techniques (P>.05).Conclusions: Thermafil, Soft Core,Quick-Fill and System B techniques showed lower leakage than Microseal and lateral condensation. In addition, this new computerized fluid filtration meter allowed quantitative measurement of leakage easily. (Eur J Dent 2007;2:97-103)

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