Gambling activity in the old-age general population

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Amparo del Pino-Gutiérrez ◽  
Roser Granero ◽  
Fernando Fernández-Aranda ◽  
Teresa Mena-Moreno ◽  
Gemma Mestre-Bach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Gambling Activity ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Gambling Severity ◽  
Problematic Gambling ◽  
Gambling Activities

Abstract Old age constitutes a vulnerable stage for developing gambling-related problems. The aims of the study were to identify patterns of gambling habits in elderly participants from the general population, and to assess socio-demographic and clinical variables related to the severity of the gambling behaviours. The sample included N = 361 participants aged in the 50–90 years range. A broad assessment included socio-demographic variables, gambling profile and psychopathological state. The percentage of participants who reported an absence of gambling activities was 35.5 per cent, while 46.0 per cent reported only non-strategic gambling, 2.2 per cent only strategic gambling and 16.3 per cent both non-strategic plus strategic gambling. Gambling form with highest prevalence was lotteries (60.4%), followed by pools (13.9%) and bingo (11.9%). The prevalence of gambling disorder was 1.4 per cent, and 8.0 per cent of participants were at a problematic gambling level. Onset of gambling activities was younger for men, and male participants also reached a higher mean for the bets per gambling-episode and the number of total gambling activities. Risk factors for gambling severity in the sample were not being born in Spain and a higher number of cumulative lifetime life events, and gambling severity was associated with a higher prevalence of tobacco and alcohol abuse and with worse psychopathological state. Results are particularly useful for the development of reliable screening tools and for the design of effective prevention programmes.

scholarly journals Lottery ticket and instant win ticket gambling: exploring the distinctions

2015 ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan M. Short ◽  
Alexander M. Penney ◽  
Dwight Mazmanian ◽  
John Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Lottery Ticket ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Canadian Data ◽  
Gambling Severity ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Gambling Activities ◽  
Lottery Gambling

Lottery gambling is the most common form of gambling in Canada, and lottery tickets and instant win tickets are the most frequently played games. Differences between lottery ticket gambling and instant win ticket gambling were examined by using a large-scale Canadian data set (N = 25,780). Lottery ticket gambling was associated with being older, male, and married, whereas instant win ticket gambling was associated with lower levels of education. Frequency of instant win ticket gambling predicted greater problem gambling severity and participating in more gambling activities independent of demographic variables and lottery ticket gambling. In comparison, frequency of lottery ticket gambling did not predict problem gambling severity or the number of gambling activities independent of demographic variables and instant win ticket gambling. Neither lottery game was related to mental health disorders or substance use. These findings provide converging evidence suggesting that different lottery games may attract distinct types of Canadian gamblers.

Examining drivers’ socio-demographic variables and perceptions towards sanction mechanisms on speeding behaviour on highways: targeting appropriate prevention

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Fitri Trapsilawati ◽  
Nadhiya Ulhaq Priatna ◽  
Titis Wijayanto ◽  
Ari Widyanti ◽  
Utami Dyah Syafitri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Legal Sanction ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Legal Sanctions ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Car Driving

Abstract Investigating the underlying predictors of speeding behaviour deserves the full attention of research. This study aims to examine the effects of demographic variables on the perceived deterrent mechanisms and to predict speeding behaviour to target appropriate prevention programmes. In this study, 212 randomly selected drivers having a valid car driving licence participated in an online survey. The results revealed that demographic variables influenced drivers’ perceptions towards social and legal sanctions as well as material loss. The model revealed that two sanction-related constructs, that is, legal sanction (b = −0⋅227, P = 0⋅007) and material loss (b = −0⋅218, P = 0⋅005), as well as lax perception towards traffic accident (b = −0⋅176, P = 0⋅025), were the significant predictors of speeding behaviour. These findings suggested that prevention programmes should prioritise young and single drivers. The most effective targeted prevention programmes are highlighted accordingly based on the study results.

Service user violence against social workers in Italy: Prevalence and characteristics of the phenomenon

2021 ◽  
pp. 146801732110091
Author(s):  
Alessandro Sicora ◽  
Urban Nothdurfter ◽  
Barbara Rosina ◽  
Mara Sanfelici
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Service User ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Professional Relationship ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Client Violence ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Victims Of Violence

Summary Client violence in social services is perceived as constantly increasing in Italy, raising deep concern. This article presents the results of the first online survey on the phenomenon. Involving 20,112 social workers, the aim was to determine the prevalence and forms of client violence towards social workers and to identify key factors associated with such events. Findings The results suggest that the vast majority of Italian social workers experience client violence during their careers. Verbal aggression and threats were most common forms of violence, followed by physical attacks and property damage. Young and less experienced social workers appeared more likely to be victims of violence, as well as those who more frequently work in isolation or without their colleagues’ support. Social workers in child protection services, services for adults and municipality services accessible to the entire population were found to be at higher risk of client violence. The social workers considered the quality of the client/professional relationship and communication skills to be critical in preventing and dealing with aggression by users. Unfulfilled clients’ expectation was considered to be one of the main factors contributing to frustration and the consequent hostile behaviour. Applications Violence against social workers is a ‘wake-up call’ that makes the weakening of welfare services, and therefore of professional social work, more visible. The first nationwide study on service user violence reported by this paper may significantly contribute to raising awareness about the phenomenon in Italy and to the devising of effective prevention programmes.

scholarly journals Specific mental disorder screening compilation may detect general mental disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (40) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Lívia Maria Bolsoni ◽  
Leonardo Moscovici ◽  
João Mazzoncini De Azevedo Marques ◽  
Antonio Waldo Zuardi
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Specific Disorders

Objective: To evaluate whether a short compilation of screening tools for specific disorders could identify Mental or Emotional Disorders (MEDs) in the general population. Methods: We selected validated screening tools for the most prevalent MEDs. In order to be selected, these tools should maintain the psychometric properties of the complete instrument with a reduced number of items. These instruments were: Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2 (GAD-2), item 3 of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and three items on the Adolescent Psychotic-Like Symptom Screener (APSS-3). We called this compilation of screening tools Mini Screening for Mental Disorders (Mini-SMD). The study was divided in two phases. Firstly, 545 subjects were interviewed with the Mini-SMD and COOP/WONCA-Feelings at their residences. Subsequently, subjects who had agreed to participate (230) were reinterviewed with Mini-SMD, COOP/WONCA-Feelings and MINI interview. Test-retest reliability was calculated by Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for the analysis of discriminative validity. Concurrent validity was calculated by analyzing the correlation between Mini-SMD and COOP/WONCA-Feelings. Results: The joint administration of screening tools for specific disorders showed sensitivities that ranged from 0.76 to 0.88 and specificities from 0.67 to 0.85. The ICC value for the total score of Mini-SMD was 0.78. The area under the curve was 0.84, with a sensitivity of 0.74 and specificity of 0.76 (for a cutoff ≥ 4). Conclusion: This study showed that a short compilation of screening tools for specific disorders can detect MEDs in general population.

scholarly journals Who are the victims of peer violence?

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-168
Author(s):  
Tanja Nedimovic ◽  
Miklos Biro
Keyword(s):  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Social Factor ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
School Students ◽  
Peer Violence ◽  
The Family ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Criterion Variables

Peer violence is a very current problem in schools. There are plenty of studies on the characteristics of perpetrators, while the characteristics of victims have been explored much less frequently. This research was aimed at determining the factors from the domain of upbringing and socio-demographic characteristics of the victims that contribute to the exposure to peer violence. The total sample comprised 504 primary school students. In order to determine the effect of victimological factors, hierarchical regression analysis was performed. The data obtained by the Questionnaire measuring the manifestation forms and frequency of peer violence were processed by factor analysis, which yielded the following three factors of exposure to peer violence: direct, manipulative and social. Factor scores on these factors were used as criterion variables. In the first step, the variable of gender was entered into the regression, the second set included three socio-demographic variables, and the third set of variables comprised parental upbringing styles and violent behavior in the family. The cold upbringing style of the mother was identified as an important predictor for the exposure to direct peer violence; for the exposure to manipulative peer violence - the cold upbringing attitude of the father and mother; and for the exposure to social peer violence - gender (female) and the cold upbringing attitude of the father. The results are discussed in the context of pedagogical implications of the research, i.e. the guidelines for designing prevention programmes in schools focused on enhancing parental educational competences and students? social skills.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Age and Happiness Varies by Income

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimiter Toshkov
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Old Age ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe link between age and happiness has been the subject of numerous studies. It is still a matter of controversy whether the relationship is U-shaped, with happiness declining after youth before bouncing back in old age, or not. While the effect of age has been examined conditional on income and other socio-demographic variables, so far, the interactions between age and income have remained insufficiently explored. Using data from the European Social Survey, this article shows that the nature of the relationship between age and happiness varies strongly with different levels of relative income. People in the lowest decile of the income distribution experience a ‘hockey stick’: a deep decline in self-reported happiness until around age 50–55 and a small bounce back in old age. The classic U-curve is found mostly in the middle-income ranks. For people at the top of the income distribution, average happiness does not vary much with age. These results demonstrate the important role of income in moderating the relationship between age and happiness.

scholarly journals Assess the Awareness on Ill Effect of Electronic Waste on Health among General Population of Selected Urban Community

2021 ◽  
pp. 426-430
Author(s):  
Julie Vanlalsawmi ◽  
Pratibha Wankhede ◽  
Madhuri Shambharkar
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Demographic Variable ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
The World

Background: "Electronic wastes" are discarded electrical or electronic devices which includes used electronics which are destined for reuse, resale, salvage, recycling, or disposal [1] Per year approximately 20-50 million tons of Electronic Waste are disposed of globally [2]. The effects of these electronic materials are far worse in counties liked India where most of the people are having poor economic status that leads to engagement in picking up and recycling of trash cans and other dumps and they are not equipped with any proper protective measures [3]. Electronic waste is emerging as a serious public health and environmental issue in India. India is the "fifth largest electronic waste producer in the world"; approximately 2 million tons of e-waste are generated annually and an undisclosed amount of e-waste is imported from other countries around the world [4] Objectives: 1. To assess the awareness on ill effect of electronic waste among general population of selected urban community. 2. To associate the awareness on ill effect of electronic waste on health among selected urban community with a selected demographic variable. Material and Methods: Research Approach: Quantitative Research Approach. Research Design: Descriptive Research Design. Setting of the study: The study was conducted at Aarvi Naka, Wardha. Population- General population of Aarvi Naka. Sampling Technique: Non-Probability Sampling Technique. Sample Size- 100. Result: The result shows that 18% of the general population had poor level of awareness score, 38% had low level of awareness, 30% had average level of awareness and 14% of general population had high level of awareness score. Mean awareness score was 9.51±3.98 and mean percentage of awareness score was 47.55 ± 19.94. While dealing with the association of awareness score with their demographic variables, age in years of general population from selected urban community is statistically associated with their awareness score (p=0.05). Conclusion: In this study the findings of the study shows that there is no significant association of awareness level on ill effect of electronic waste on health with the demographic variables like gender, educational status, religion, occupation, monthly family income, marital status and home ownership; but there is a significant relationship with age of the corresponding samples.

scholarly journals The Dental Aesthetic Index and Its Association with Dental Caries, Dental Plaque and Socio-Demographic Variables in Schoolchildren Aged 12 and 15 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9741
Author(s):  
Paula Fernández-Riveiro ◽  
Nerea Obregón-Rodríguez ◽  
María Piñeiro-Lamas ◽  
Almudena Rodríguez-Fernández ◽  
Ernesto Smyth-Chamosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Two Samples

The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was determined in 12- and 15-year-old schoolchildren to ascertain the prevalence of malocclusion and to assess its association with dental caries experience, dental plaque accumulation, and socio-demographic variables. We performed a cross-sectional study with a stratified two-stage sampling design. An oral health survey and oral examination were conducted, and socio-demographic data were recorded. The sample comprised 1453 schoolchildren aged 12 (868) and 15 (585). These two samples were analyzed separately because statistically significant differences were found: the 12-year-old age group displayed a higher frequency of schoolchildren who attended state-run public schools (p = 0.004) and belonged to a lower social class (p = 0.001); the 15-year-old age group registered higher levels of caries (p = 0.001) and lower levels of dental plaque (p < 0.001). The malocclusion was 9.5% higher (p = 0.001), and the global mean DAI score was likewise higher among the 12-year-olds (p < 0.001). The multivariate regression analysis not only showed that caries and dental plaque were the variables that were the most strongly associated with malocclusion, but that caries (OR = 1.5) and dental plaque (OR > 2) were also risk factors for malocclusion in both groups. In conclusion, this study revealed a higher prevalence of malocclusion and dental plaque at age 12. A higher risk of caries and dental plaque was found to be related to the presence of malocclusion in both age groups.

scholarly journals Fifty years of preventing and treating childhood behaviour disorders: a systematic review to inform policy and practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Waddell ◽  
Christine Schwartz ◽  
Caitlyn Andres ◽  
Jenny Lou Barican ◽  
Donna Yung
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Psychosocial Treatment ◽  
Incredible Years ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Psychosocial Treatments ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Prevention Programmes

QuestionOppositional defiant and conduct disorders (ODD and CD) start early and persist, incurring high individual and collective costs. To inform policy and practice, we therefore asked: What is the best available research evidence on preventing and treating these disorders?Study selection and analysisWe sought randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating interventions addressing the prevention or treatment of behaviour problems in individuals aged 18 years or younger. Our criteria were tailored to identify higher-quality RCTs that were also relevant to policy and practice. We searched the CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases, updating our initial searches in May 2017. Thirty-seven RCTs met inclusion criteria—evaluating 15 prevention programmes, 8 psychosocial treatments and 5 medications. We then conducted narrative synthesis.FindingsFor prevention, 3 notable programmes reduced behavioural diagnoses: Classroom-Centered Intervention; Good Behavior Game; and Fast Track. Five other programmes reduced serious behaviour symptoms such as criminal activity. Prevention benefits were long term, up to 35 years. For psychosocial treatment, Incredible Years reduced behavioural diagnoses. Three other interventions reduced criminal activity. Psychosocial treatment benefits lasted from 1 to 8 years. While 4 medications reduced post-test symptoms, all caused important adverse events.ConclusionsConsiderable RCT evidence favours prevention.Clinical implicationsEffective prevention programmes should therefore be made widely available. Effective psychosocial treatments should also be provided for all children with ODD/CD. But medications should be a last resort given associated adverse events and given only short-term evidence of benefits. Policymakers and practitioners can help children and populations by acting on these findings.

Suicide in prisons and remand centres

2021 ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Marco Sarchiapone ◽  
Miriam Iosue
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Individual Vulnerability ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
High Level

Suicide is one of the most common causes of death in custodial settings worldwide, accounting for around 10% of prisoners’ deaths. Suicide attempts and suicidal ideation are also more common among prisoners compared to the general population. The high prevalence of suicidal behaviours among prisoners is likely the result of a complex interaction between individual vulnerability and the high level of stress and deprivation caused by the condition of confinement. Among prisoners and inmates, the prevalence of well-established suicide risk factors, such as a history of self-harm, psychopathological conditions, aggressive personality traits, and childhood trauma, is higher than in the general population. Moreover, the loss of freedom and autonomy, social isolation, lack of purposeful activity, and victimization are prison-specific stressors that showed to increase the suicide risk among inmates. Given this complexity, comprehensive multifactored prevention programmes involving the administrative, custodial, and clinical staff are the most effective in preventing suicide.

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