Allies of the State: Democratic Support and Regime Support among China's Private Entrepreneurs

2008 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 780-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Chen ◽  
Bruce J Dickson
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Policy Performance ◽  
The Status ◽  
Private Entrepreneurs ◽  
Incumbent Regime ◽  
Satisfaction Evaluation ◽  
Democratic Support ◽  
Regime Support ◽  
Official Corruption

AbstractThis article examines the intensity and sources of Chinese private entrepreneurs' support for the current political system. The study presented here is based on data from a representative sample of private entrepreneurs collected from five coastal provinces in late 2006 and early 2007. In general, China's private entrepreneurs tend to support the current party-state and to be in favour of the status quo. Subjective values are far more important than CCP membership and relationship to the state in determining which capitalists are regime supporters. Among all the factors analysed in this study, democratic values, life satisfaction, evaluation of government policy performance and perception of official corruption play the most decisive roles in shaping private entrepreneurs' support for the incumbent regime. Only red capitalists who are former cadres are likely to be reliable supporters of the regime when subjective values are also considered; other ties to the state do not create support for the regime. The degree of regime support also exhibits considerable regional variation. These findings have important implications for the survival of the regime and for the role of private entrepreneurs in a potential political change towards democracy.

scholarly journals Issues of Primary and Secondary Education in the Activities of the State Duma of the Russian Empire (1906—1917)

2021 ◽  
pp. 241-255
Author(s):  
S. V. Darchieva ◽  
A. V. Darchiev
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
The Status ◽  
Legislative Initiative ◽  
Legislative Activity ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
National Languages ◽  
Goals And Objectives

The role of the first Russian parliament in the formation and development of the education system in the country is considered. The activity of deputies on the solution of the most pressing issues in the period from 1906 to 1917 is analyzed. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the consideration of the State Duma as the most important legislative body in the creation of the educational system in Russia. The discrepancy between the interests of the authorities and society, their different understanding of the goals and objectives of objectively overdue transformations, which is reflected in the legislative activity of the State Duma is revealed. It is indicated that a significant place in the national policy of the state was occupied by issues of education and the status of national languages. It is shown that as a result of active legislative initiative and the position of deputies in the development of bills “On the introduction of universal education”, “On the reform of secondary schools”, government spending on secondary and primary education increased several times. It is noted that as a result of the activities of the deputies of the State Duma of the III convocation, significant amendments and additions were made to the bill “On higher primary schools”, which was adopted in 1912.

scholarly journals The Function and Role in the IBAN Social Rank in their Communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.29) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
Fujica Anak Anggo ◽  
Louis Laja
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
The State ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Traditional Belief ◽  
The Status

The Sea Dayaks, better known as the Ibans, inhabit nearly the whole of Sarawak. The Ibans belong to the Proto-Malay groups and historically, they were from the Kapuas Valley in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. They migrated to Sarawak about fifteen generations ago in the mid 16th century (the 1630s). They went to the state through the Kumpang Valley and inhabit Batang Ai and then split to several places in Sarawak (Morgan, 1968). Although the Ibans have a social status in their traditional belief, they do not have a hierarchy of social status such as the Orang Ulu. However, they have elevated the status so-called Pengulu, Tuai Rumah, Tuai Burung, Lemambang, Manang, Beliau, Tukang Sabak, dan Indu Takar. The era of modernization has led to changes to the knowledge of the young generation, especially the younger generation of the Ibans who lack knowledge about the function and role of each rank status in their communities. Therefore, this study was conducted qualitatively through an interview with expert informants, observation, and documentation. This research was hoped to contribute to the general knowledge of the Iban community and other communities in the preservation of the function and role of each social status in the Iban community.  

ON THE PLANS OF THE FEDERAL EXECUTIVE BODIES AS THE DOCUMENTS OF STRATEGIC PLANNING

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Starostin ◽  
◽  
Alexey G. Dobkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Planning System ◽  
General Nature ◽  
External Control ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article deals with strategic planning, which is one of the main mechanisms for ensuring the purposeful and sustainable development of the state, economy and society. The adoption of the Federal Law No. 172-FZ of 28.06.2014 "On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federa-tion" in the Russian Federation marked a new stage in the formation of the state strategic planning system. The status of plans for the activities of federal executive bodies as one of the key elements of the system of strategic planning documents is considered. The practice of their preparation and implementation is analyzed, its shortcomings are studied, and possible directions for improving the current legislation in this area are proposed. The authors consider the status of plans for the activities of federal executive bodies as one of the key elements of the system of strategic planning documents. They analyze the prac-tice of their preparation and implementation, study its shortcomings, and propose all possible directions for improving the current legislation in this area. When writing the article, the authors studied the content of certain questions about strate-gic planning and the corresponding functions of the federal executive bodies of the Russian Federation. They revealed the problems of practical importance and proposed the methods and options for their solution. The authors used the following methods: system analysis, dialectical, logical, compara-tive-legal methods, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. As a result of the study, the following results were obtained: – it is necessary to ensure that not only activities and tasks of a general nature are included in the adopted plans, but also their detailing in terms of the expected stages of work; – the activity plans of the federal executive authorities, which are responsible executors of strategic goals and objectives, should give an unambiguous answer to how and when the strategic guidelines defined at the federal level within the entire array of strategic planning documents will be implemented; – the introduction of a systematic approach will allow to fix the risks of non-achieving certain strategic indicators and take the necessary measures in a timely manner; – at present, the role of plans for the activities of federal executive bodies in the system of strategic planning documents is unreasonably low; – the transfer of issues of preparation and control over the achievement of relevant strate-gic indicators to the level of the executive authorities themselves, in the conditions of insuffi-cient external control over this process, in fact, led to the loss of their managerial potential, depriving the state apparatus of an important mechanism for coordinating work in the field of strategic planning; - it is necessary for the entire system of strategic planning to revise quali-tatively the role of the plans of the federal executive bodies with the transfer of authority for their approval to a higher level with a simultaneous increase in responsibility for achieving the planned indicators.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE GOVERNMENT IN THE PROTECTION OF COMMUNITY LAND ON GREEN-ZONE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Nourma Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Land Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
The People ◽  
Community Justice ◽  
The Status ◽  
Green Zone ◽  
Government Planning ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government

Land rights are one of the rights of life of the community. This right should have been protected by the state as the implementation of Article 33 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Republic of Indonesia Constitution that the earth and natural wealth in it are protected by the state and used for the people's prosperity. This right is violated by the determination of land owned by the people declared in the green zone so that its use and allocation is limited by the government. On the other hand, when the land will be used in the framework of government planning, the status of the land will change according to the interests of the government. This phenomenon illustrates that the law that should support the state to give a sense of justice to the people on the contrary makes people's rights not fulfilled. The aim to be achieved in this study is to analyze the role of the government in protecting community land rights in the green zone. This research is normative legal research. Based on the research, it was concluded that community welfare and community justice were not well accommodated by the government regarding land in the green zone because there was a lack of clear arrangements regarding the ability to transfer the land.

scholarly journals Konstitusionalitas Ancaman Pidana Terhadap Kejari (Penetapan Status Barang Sitaan dan Prekursor Narkotika)

Wajah Hukum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Emir Ardiansyah ◽  
Ulya Kencana ◽  
Romli SA
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic

Studies on the constitutionality of criminal threats against the Attorney General's Office (Head of the State Prosecutor's Office) in determining the status of confiscated narcotics and narcotic precursors, based on the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, it is very necessary to do so. The regulation has an over-criminalization nuance that is detrimental to the constitutional rights of the Kejari. The research aims to analyze the role of the state in protecting the constitutional rights of the Kejari within the rule of law framework. The scope of the research describes the structure of values or norms in statutory regulations and the principles it adheres to. Legal principles are used in interpreting the Narcotics Law by linking it to the rule of law framework. The research method is normative legal research using secondary data. The results of the research revealed that the provisions in Article 141 and Article 91 paragraph (1) of the Narcotics Law have the potential to violate the constitutional rights of the Kejari. because it is not in accordance with the protection of constitutional rights in the institutional structure of the prosecutor's office, which may not be intervened in criminal law enforcement. In conclusion, the state plays a major role in implementing the protection of the constitutional rights of citizens and Kejari officials. The state is obliged to fulfill, respect and protect the constitutional rights of citizens. Institutionally, the state synergizes with the prosecutor's office must affirm the ethical and administrative areas concretely and limitatively, so as not to cause obscurity of norms and excessive criminalization of non-criminal acts to become criminal acts.

scholarly journals Mentoring as an individual form of preparing orphans for independent living in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iuliia Udovenko ◽  
Tetiana Melnychuk ◽  
Julia Gorbaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Mentoring Program ◽  
Individual Form ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One

AbstractObjective: The purpose of the study is to analyze and define the content, specifics, and procedures of social and psychological work with citizens who have expressed a desire to become mentors for orphans.Introduction: In Ukraine, there are more than 750 foundations of institutional care and upbringing of children, in which approximately 106,000 children live. Only 8% among them have the status of orphans and children deprived of parental care; the other 92% have parents, but due to some difficult life circumstances of parents or presence of special needs or disability in children, they cannot live or be brought up in the family. It means that 92% of children without the status of orphans or children deprived of parental care cannot be adopted or placed for living and upbringing to other forms of family placement (guardianship/care, foster family, family-type orphanage). Along with this, out of 8% of orphan children and children deprived of parental care, there are no opportunities to be accommodated in any family forms of upbringing the following children: teenagers and youngsters, brothers and sisters from families with many children, and children with disabilities. In such children, close emotional relationships with meaningful, constant adults, which is a vital necessity for their psycho-emotional development and well-being, have been lost or were not formed at all. Accordingly, the introduction of mentoring for orphans and children deprived of parental care who live in relevant institutions is motivated by the necessity to satisfy the need of every child in emotional support, assistance and protection by a significant, authoritative person, and friend.Methods: The study uses an experience which was gained during the realization of the project as the author-developer of the methodology of socio-psychological work with citizens and children concerning preparations for mentoring and training for both coordinators and mentors of the Mentoring Program in cooperation with specialists of the “One Hope” non-governmental organization; in the role of educator for the preparation of coordinators for the Mentoring Program implementation, as well as in the role of expert during the implementation of Mentoring Program by the community organization “One Hope” during the 2009-2016 period [1]. Also, authors participated in developing of the mentors preparing program over orphans and children deprived of parental care in order to receive approval at the state level.Results: Mentoring for orphans and children deprived of parental care residing in institutions has been implemented in Ukraine since 2009 by the “One Hope” (“Odna Nadia”) public organization in cooperation with the Kyiv City Children’s Service and the Kyiv City Center of Social Services for Families, Children and Young People. The project “One Hope” was launched in the city of Kyiv and the Kyiv region during 2009-2016. Since 2016, mentoring as an individual form of support and assistance for a child living in a residential institution has been introduced in Ukraine at the state level.Conclusions: If an orphan child or a child deprived of parental care is unable to live and being brought up in a family, then the mentor’s role in the life of this child is of paramount importance. This is due to the fact that such a form of individual support through mentoring will facilitate the preparation of every orphan child for independent living in the future.

The formation of the composition of the Constitutional Court of Russia in 1994–1995 (on the history of the issue and constitutional and legal aspects)

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-171
Author(s):  
Mikhail Mityukov
Keyword(s):  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Democratic Procedure

The modernisation of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in 1993–2000 was a result of the political and legal transformations of the 1990s, and the period of its procedural inaction for a year and a half was by no means time lost. It was used to prepare a new law for the Constitutional Court, which was largely prepared by the Court itself and accompanied by disputes with the State Legal Department of the Russian Federation’s president and various factions of the State Duma of the first assembly (LDPR, KPRF). Discussions were primarily held about the status of the Constitutional Court, such as the Court’s term in office, as well as its number of members, which greatly determined the effectiveness of the future “second” Constitutional Court of the 1993–1995 model and its internal structure. Filling the Constitutional Court’s six vacant seats as defined by the 1993 Constitution was not carried out by electing judges as in the previous legislation, but instead by appointing them to each of the chambers on the suggestion of the head of state. This predetermined an acute political struggle, primarily to establish the procedure for selecting candidates for judicial positions and determining the role of the president in each chamber of the Federal Assembly, the State Duma factions, legal institutions, and scientific communities of legal scholars. The independent “game” of each of these elements delayed the process of starting a functioning Constitutional Court for many months, but the democratic procedure for electing the courts’ heads allowed the issue to resolve without delay.

Introduction

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Judith Keene
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
International Justice ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Involvement ◽  
Contemporary Issue ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Status ◽  
State Protection

Abstract This special issue of The Public Historian will examine what is a pressing, pervasive, traumatic, and very public contemporary issue in which history and historians are heavily involved in many countries around the globe. Authors will investigate a range of issues around the state involvement in death, including the role of the state as perpetrator and its responsibilities to the victims and their families; the process and significance of exhumation, of identification, and of repatriation; the status of refugees and displaced peoples who die when legally stateless and so without state protection; the differing transnational stances in tracing and punishing the perpetrators; the fraught issue of personal and official reparation; and the role and efficacy of international justice.

Russia’s Transition to the Status of a Knowledge-Oriented Society and Youth Policy

10.12737/2668 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Алексей Гусев ◽  
Aleksey Gusev
Keyword(s):  
Development Policy ◽  
Information Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Youth Policy ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Network Communities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article highlights the problems of knowledge-oriented society development in Russia. According to the communication development policy concept of the Russian Federation, communication / information policy is to be viewed in terms of Russia’s transformation into a knowledge/information-oriented society. The concept identifies three priority areas and top goals which are major challenges to the process of building up a knowledge/information-oriented society, namely: (1) the development and implementation of a requisite technology base; (2) Russia’s close international cooperation in creating its strategy for a transition to a status of a knowledge/information-oriented society; (3) creating the social, economic and cultural conditions to facilitate the process of transition. The concept holds that the success of the transition towards a knowledge/ information-oriented society is dependent on the knowledge/information readiness of the society. The authors analyses the documentation and literature dealing with the stages of creating the concept of the state youth policy of RF and identifies the role of communication/information policy for the state youth policy as well as its newly-acquired features that evolved in response to globalization and knowledge/informationoriented society development. The author concludes that the informational localization of Russia’s younger population is accounted for by (1) the hard factors of their lifestyle, which coupled with high regional diversity and differentiation breed a great variety of thesauri, and (2) cementing network communities, which enable their members to satisfy their informational needs independently of the state or social structures.

scholarly journals EKSISTENSI WANITA DALAM MANAWA DHARMASASTRA (Perspektif Teologi Gender)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Gde Fitri Pramitasari
Keyword(s):  
Religious Life ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Equal Footing ◽  
Engineering Studies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Present Life ◽  
Status Of Women

<p>Manawa Dharmasastra is one of the books that belong smrti or veda smṛti, namely the interpretation of the text books of revelation (veda sruti). Over all Manawa Dharmasastra is a book that discuss the laws that govern the behavior of religious life, society and the state. The regulations that are in it are still very relevant to be used as a guideline in this present life, especially regarding the laws governing the existence of a woman.</p><p>In connection with the above description, the issues discussed in this study were (1) What is the status of women in Manawa Dharmasastra? (2) How does the role of women in Manawa Dharmasastra? (3) What is the meaning contained in the existence of women in Manawa Dharmasastra? The theory used in this research is the theory of structuralism A.Teeuw. Structuralism theory is used to inspect a work of literature as a whole round and intact. Gender equilibrium theory, this theory is used to dissect the problem formulation status and role of women. According to this theory of women and men have equal footing or balance. This study also used as a hermeneutical theory supporting theory in interpreting the text of Manawa Dharmasastra, which is used to dissect the question of the meaning of existence of women. This study is a qualitative which in collecting the data, researchers used a technique literature studies, engineering studies and documents batat (reading and recording).</p><p>The results of this study is the position of women in Manawa Dharmasastra  is aligned with men, in theology Hindu Saguna Brahma it is called ardhanareswari, a woman in the Manawa Dharmasastra must be respected, women in Hindu law is said to be Pṛthivī. The role of women in Manawa Dharmasastra is as a wife and as a mother. And there are three main meanings in the existence of women in Hindu law, namely (1) Meaning Equality, (2) The meaning of harmony, (3) Meaning of Allegiance.</p>

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