Protein sources for monogastric and ruminant livestock in the cauca valley of colombia

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 144-144
Author(s):  
M L Cruz ◽  
T R Preston ◽  
A W Speedy
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Selection Of

Almost all attempts to improve animal production systems in developing countries have failed because they relied on the transfer of technologies from developed countries. Livestock production systems in industrialized conuntries have high rates of animal productivity, which at the same time require high quality feeds, rich in energy and protein. Most developed countries are located in temperate climates in which cereals and high quality feeds and grains can be readily grown and have the currency to provide all the fossil fuel inputs required.In order for Third World countries, located mostly in tropical regions, to adapt these systems, they must import exotic livestock and provide the high level of feeding at high cost. The transferred system has led to a loss of interest in indigenous breeds and local resources.It is clear that there is a great need for new rural development strategies that should take into account not only food production but also renewable energy resources, employment generation, self reliance and protection of the enviroment. This strategy includes selection of crops and cropping systems which maximize biomass production, nitrogen fixation and minimize the use of imported or expensive inputs.

Challenges Faced in the Design of SLWR Configuration for the Pre-Salt Area

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stael Ferreira Senra ◽  
Marcio Martins Mourelle ◽  
Edmundo Queiroz de Andrade ◽  
Ana Lu´cia Fernandes Lima Torres
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Production Frontier ◽  
New Production ◽  
Campos Basin ◽  
Key Points ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

With the recent discoveries of the pre-salt reservoir, new areas of the Brazilian coast rose to prominence, especially for the Santos Basin. This area is adjacent to the Campos Basin, which now accounts for around 80% of Brazilian production. In this new area, in addition to the difficulties of drilling in salt rock, the deployment of subsea production systems have also to overcome new challenges, since environmental conditions are more severe than those in the Campos Basin. Other important issues are: the water depth of about 2200 meters; the high pressure for gas injection riser; and the high CO2 content, requiring special attention to the materials that will be in contact with the production fluid. At this new production frontier, priority was given to the use of floating units with storage capacity like VLCC hulls, in order to export oil production through shuttle tankers, as no pipeline grid is available. Depending on the motions level of these VLCC vessels, the selection of a viable configuration of riser becomes crucial. Thus, some alternatives have been studied and the Steel Lazy Wave Riser (SLWR) configuration was one of the options considered to be used for production and gas injection riser functions, besides being possibly used for risers with large diameters. As this area of the Santos Basin presents more severe conditions, the free-hanging configuration (SCR) was not feasible, even with the use of VLCCs with optimized motions. In this case, the SLWR configuration was better suited to overcome the problems faced by free-hanging configuration. This paper aims to present a set of variables and its right combination involved in SLWR configuration to make it feasible, considering some key points in the design of SLWRs, for example: motions level of the floating unit, thermal insulation required for the flow assurance of production risers; difficulties faced during the installation process and the need of using clad pipes or lined pipes due to the high level of corrosion imposed by CO2 fluid content.

scholarly journals CELL DESIGN FOR GEARBOX ASSEMBLY

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Rudolf Jánoš ◽  
Baňasová Antónia
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Work Process ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

Urgency of the research. Automation is the next step in increasing productivity and performance. It represents the autonomous management of the entire system as well as the assembly or production process. This completely eliminates a human factor from the work process. Target setting. Today's robots and manipulators are now autonomous. Automated systems can be found in almost all industries. They are an indispensable part of non-productive environments, but we can also find them in non-industrial areas as well. Their dynamic development extends to service robotics. For their productivity, they have reached a high level, but their development is constantly advancing by refining their subsystems, introducing new functional principles, or upgrading compo-nents and elements involved in the construction of these mechanisms. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. To meet the requirements of automatition cells, it was slowly being applied to flexible production systems. These are systems that consist of computers and are connected by means of control units. They are characterized by complexity, flexibility and, above all, the multiplicity of elements. Such flexible systems based on the modularity, that systems are composed of individual modules and subsystems that can be adapted as needed. Uninvestigated parts of general issues defining. Design of automated robotic workplaces, based on the intensive development of functional and especially kinematic structures of the workplace as a whole. The research objective. To what extent is it possible for the work process to be mechanized or automated depends also on the level of development of the used equipment. In today's development stage, design of automated device is also automated. The statement of basic materials. This article focuses on the design of the manipulator, whose main task is to perform the assembly. Analysis of the task illustrates the principle design of the solution, which is also the starting point for the design of the universal manipulator. Current requirements of application practice for robotic technology have caused increased requirements for its functions, characteristics and parameters which cannot be always covered by the traditional approach to its design and construction. Conclusions. In this article describes in more detail the knowledge and division of the proposed devices and mechanisms, which provides an initial understanding of design. By analyzing the problem and defining the necessary parameters, the design of the manipulator was developed. Festo's design software also helped to make the right choice.

To the Question About the Main Directions of Development of Pedagogical Education in Russia

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Шишов ◽  
Cergey Shishov ◽  
Кальней ◽  
Valentina Kalney
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Permanent Increase ◽  
Selection Of

Based on the identified global challenges of the XXI century, the authors attempted to define the main directions of development of pedagogical education in Russia. The article provides the author´s view on the possible directions of development of pedagogical education in Russia. Among them: the international harmonization of structures and content of teacher education related to an objective necessity of formation of a common, interdependent Eurasian educational space; humanization, humanitarization of professional education of future teachers related to the humanistic orientation of public consciousness at the international level; vocational selection of future teachers as the basis for the formation of high-quality professionals with a high level of readiness; practice-oriented character of teacher education associated with the consideration of not only the specialty, but also the nature of the institutions; the relationship and interdependence of cultural, historical, psychological-pedagogical, national and organizational basis for the design and construction of higher pedagogical education; selection to educational institutions on grounds of professional suitability; operation and development of the existing system of continuous postgraduate) teacher education as a condition of permanent increase of level of professionalism of teachers.

scholarly journals Economic Energy Efficiency of Food Production Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5826
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Bajan ◽  
Aldona Mrówczyńska-Kamińska ◽  
Walenty Poczta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
High Level

The current global population growth forecast carries with it a global increase in demand for food. In order to meet this demand, it is necessary to increase production, which requires an increase in energy consumption. However, forecasted energy production growth is insufficient and traditional sources of energy are limited; hence, it is necessary to strive for greater energy efficiency in food production systems. The study aimed to compare the economic energy efficiency of food production systems in selected countries and identify the sources of diversification in this field. As a measure of energy efficiency, the indicators of the energy intensity of food production were used in this study. To calculate these indicators, a method based on input-output life-cycle assessment assumptions was used, which enables researchers to obtain fully comparable results between countries. The study showed that despite an increase in energy consumption in the food production systems of the analyzed countries by an average of 27%, from 19.3 EJ to 24.5 EJ, from 2000 to 2014, their energy intensity decreased, on average, by more than 18%, from 8.5 MJ/USD to 6.9 MJ/USD. This means that energy efficiency improvements are possible even under conditions of increased energy consumption, which in turn, means that food production can increase significantly. In the case of developed countries, the main inefficiencies are found in agricultural production, while in developing countries, they are observed in the food industry. Decision-makers should also pay attention to the high level of energy intensity that results from the supply of inputs to agriculture and the food industry because there is great potential for the improvement of energy efficiency in this field, especially because energy consumption associated with supply constitutes a major part of total consumption in the food production systems of developed countries.

scholarly journals Use of the Tax Prism Method When Forming Tax Part of the Budget

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Verovska ◽  
Alexey Leontyev
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Optimum Size ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
High Level

Abstract The tax prism method is developed for the assessment of tax part of the budget as well as for forecasting the influence of tax optimisation on it. There are certain trends in global practice. Developing and transition economies are characterised by low tax burden. Economically developed countries with a high level of social security of population are characterised by high tax burden. The analytical and graphic-analytical research for the purpose of determination of optimum size of the taxation using the tax prism has been conducted. In addition to the concept of ‘tax prism’, concepts such as static and dynamic tax prisms have been introduced, allowing to consider changes in the part of the budget of interest in connection with a possibility of taxation subjects to reduce the size of a tax burden by various methods of tax optimisation, and also to consider the influence of other factors on it. The use of this approach helps effectively to enhance the tax legislation by modelling high-quality and quantitative consequences of one or another changes and innovations.

scholarly journals The digitalization as a global trend and growth factor of the modern economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 07004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Kravchenko ◽  
Maryna Leshchenko ◽  
Dariia Marushchak ◽  
Yuriy Vdovychenko ◽  
Svitlana Boguslavska
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
The World ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
High Level

The phenomenon of the digitalization in the world economy is investigated in the article. The digital economy is the most important engine of innovation, competitiveness and economic growth in the world. The specific features of the modern digital economy are determined. The main indicators of measuring the level of digital economy are analyzed, the world countries’ leaders are defined. Study shows that each of the indexes has different methodological approaches to determining the level of digitalization and contains various factors. Highly developed countries have the best level of digitization of their own economies, because they have high-quality access to the Internet, a high level of scientific and technological capacity development and wide information access. The indicators of Ukraine as a digital economy are analyzed. Article shows that Ukraine as a European country is only at the beginning of its development of a high-quality digital economy. The links between national economy’s macroeconomic indicators development connecting with innovations are established.

Beef cattle breeds and beef production

1971 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 218-226
Author(s):  
H. K. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Beef Cattle Breeds ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Selection Of

Increased beef production is accorded a high degree of priority in most developed countries. In Britain the Meat and Livestock Commission has initiated recording schemes that should greatly facilitate the selection of suitable breeds and crosses and also the development of beef production systems geared to local conditions and individual requirements. The results of surveys conducted in recent years are reported and discussed, the different systems being evaluated in economic terms.

scholarly journals EMBRYO YIELD OF COWS-DONORS AND FUNCTIONAL ASYMETRY OF THE OVARIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Sidashova ◽  
V. F. Stahovski ◽  
S. I. Kovtun
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
World Market ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Functional Asymmetry ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Embryo Yield ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

In recent years, experiments aimed at studying the structural asymmetry of paired organs have been conducted increasingly in veterinary medicine. The main factor, which prompted this interest, was extensive use of reproductive biotechnology methods to solve the problems of infertility. In experiments on laboratory animals and in clinical medicine, several authors have found that the nature of pathological processes in paired organs had some differences. Parameters of species functional asymmetry at the level of systems and organs are considered in terms of enantiomorphousness as a trait of adaptive evolution. The study of structural features of physiological and pathological processes in paired gonads of cows will increase the efficiency of biotechnological methods of folliculogenesis stimulation and production of more viable eggs. On the other side, it will reduce the cost of expensive drugs and working time due to more efficient pre-selection of animals for producing embryos. The aim of the research was to study structure and pattern of functional asymmetry of ovaries of high-producing cows and its influence on the level of quality embryos formation. Material and methods of research. The researches were carried out during 2011-2012 at two dairy breeding farms – "Agro-Soyuz" JSC (Dnipropetrovsk region) and "RVD-Agro" PE (Cherkasy region). Two groups of high-producing cows were formed of milking breeding stock, yields of which during the best lactation exceeded the average of the herd by 20-60% The animals were tested during the phased comprehensive research on suitability to removing embryos from them and use of the selected cows in the group of regular donors of embryos, in accordance with applicable requirements of embryo transplantation technology for cattle. During the selection and preparation of cows-donors, washing embryos and their morphological evaluation, we simultaneously performed collecting and analysing data on the activity of functional entities of the left and the right ovaries during luteal phase by palpation according to the advanced approaches. The comparison was performed during cows’ induced cycles using injections of synthetic analogues of F2α prostaglandin on standard procedures and after hormonally induced polyovulation in donors using follicle stimulating hormone drugs and on the standard and prolonged procedures. Results. Pattern of relationship between functional asymmetry of ovaries of high-producing cows-donors and their level of embryo yield was found. Palpation revealed that at cows with sufficient technology and high embryo yield after hormonally induced superovulation, ratio of the number of corpora luteal of the left ovary to the right had a tendency to approach the universal proportion of 38%:62% which is typical for luteogenes of cows in the induced and spontaneous cycles. In group of cows with low yields of high-quality embryos, the ratio of ovarian corpora luteal L: R was significantly different. The observed indicator of functional ovarian asymmetry needs to be researched more and it can be used as a criterion for resource-raising effect at selection of stable donors of embryos at high-yielding herds in the future. The significant change of functional asymmetry of donors-cows’ ovaries after hormone stimulation of polyovulation was shown, including the found phenomenon of inversion of dominant activity of gonads. It was experimentally stated that the high level of producing qualitative embryos for transplantation (9,50-9,86 per washing) was characterized for the cows with sufficient functional asymmetry of ovaries after polyovulation. Conclusions. Based on the fact that high-quality embryos from high-producing cows of different breeds will have breeding, biological and economic values in the world market of genetic resources in the next years, it is necessary to step up scientific research to study the patterns of functional asymmetry of the cows’ reproductive system as one of important biological factors influencing on effectiveness of embryo transplantation technology.

scholarly journals Trait Diversity of Pulse Species Predicts Agroecosystem Properties Trade-Offs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Guiguitant ◽  
Denis Vile ◽  
Hélène Marrou
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Selection Of Species ◽  
Selection Of

Crop diversity management in agriculture is a fundamental principle of agroecology and a powerful way to promote resilient and sustainable production systems. Pulses are especially relevant for diversification issues. Yet, the specific diversity of legumes is poorly represented in most cropping systems. We used the trait-based approach to quantify the functional diversity of 30 pulses varieties, belonging to 10 species, grown under common field conditions. Our aim was to test relationships between traits, yield, and supporting agroecosystem properties. Our experimental results highlighted trade-offs between agroecosystem properties supported by different combinations of traits. Also, results demonstrated the relevance of leaf nitrogen content (LNC), leaf area ratio (LAR), and reproductive phenology to predict most of the trade-offs observed between agroecosystem properties. A comparison with a previous analysis based on literature data collected in diverse agronomic situations suggested that some traits are more plastic than others and therefore contribute differently to frame legumes diversity depending on the conditions of observation. Present results suggested that the implementation of such trait-based approach would rapidly benefit the selection of species/varieties for specific targeted agroecosystem services provisioning under specific (environmental or management) conditions.

DFT Benchmark Study of the O--O Bond Dissociation Energy in Peroxides Validated with High-Level Ab-Initio Calculations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Carmona ◽  
Pablo Jaque ◽  
Esteban Vöhringer-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Reference Value ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Basis Sets ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Bond Dissociation ◽  
Dissociation Energies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
High Level ◽  
Almost All

<div><div><div><p>Peroxides play a central role in many chemical and biological pro- cesses such as the Fenton reaction. The relevance of these compounds lies in the low stability of the O–O bond which upon dissociation results in radical species able to initiate various chemical or biological processes. In this work, a set of 64 DFT functional-basis set combinations has been validated in terms of their capability to describe bond dissociation energies (BDE) for the O–O bond in a database of 14 ROOH peroxides for which experimental values ofBDE are available. Moreover, the electronic contributions to the BDE were obtained for four of the peroxides and the anion H2O2− at the CBS limit at CCSD(T) level with Dunning’s basis sets up to triple–ζ quality provid- ing a reference value for the hydrogen peroxide anion as a model. Almost all the functionals considered here yielded mean absolute deviations around 5.0 kcal mol−1. The smallest values were observed for the ωB97 family and the Minnesota M11 functional with a marked basis set dependence. Despite the mean deviation, order relations among BDE experimental values of peroxides were also considered. The ωB97 family was able to reproduce the relations correctly whereas other functionals presented a marked dependence on the chemical nature of the R group. Interestingly, M11 functional did not show a very good agreement with the established order despite its good performance in the mean error. The obtained results support the use of similar validation strategies for proper prediction of BDE or other molecular properties by DF Tmethods in subsequent related studies.</p></div></div></div>

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