Verification of the Agricultural Research Council (1981) recommendations on energy requirement of the pregnant sow

1984 ◽  
Vol 1984 ◽  
pp. 31-31
Author(s):  
Pauline A. Lee ◽  
K.G. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Pregnancy Weight ◽  
The Relationship

The Agricultural Research Council (1981) states the energy requiremnets for pregnant sows in terms of amounts needed per day to ensure specific net pregnancy weight gains for differing weights at service (Table 1.). An experiment was set up primarily to test the validity of these recommendations which were derived by factorial calculations and secondly to examine the relationship between condition (P2 measurement) and weight changes over the reproductive cycle.

scholarly journals Faecal endogenous loss of calcium in young sheep

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Chrisp ◽  
A. R. Sykes ◽  
N. D. Grace
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Maintenance Energy Requirement

1. Two groups of eight 6–7-month-old wether lambs were offered either a frozen ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)-white clover (Trifolium repens L.) pasture or a ryegrass-white clover hay, containing 12.1 and 6.4 g calcium/ kg dry matter (DM) respectively. Within groups the amounts offered to individual sheep ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 times the estimated maintenance energy requirements.2. A single intravenous injection of 150 μCi 45Ca as CaCl2. 2H2O, and stable balances were used to determine absorption, faecal endogenous loss and balance of Ca.3. Faecal endogenous loss of Ca increased by 1.2 mg/kg body-weight (W) per d with each g/kg W per d increase in DM intake regardless of the diet. At any DM intake the mean faecal endogenous loss was 5.5 mg/kg W per d higher in the sheep offered the frozen herbage diet when compared with those on the hay diet. At any Ca intake the mean faecal endogenous loss was 6.9 mg/kg W higher in sheep offered the hay diet compared with those on the frozen herbage.4. At feeding levels of about 1.5–2 times the estimated maintenance energy requirement the observed faecal endogenous loss of Ca ranged from 35 to 50 mg/kg W per d, which is two- to threefold greater than the present estimate of the Agricultural Research Council (1980) of 16 mg/kg W per d.5. A simple model to explain the variation in faecal endogenous loss of Ca between the present study with young sheep and that with lactating ewes (Chrisp et al. 1989) also offered herbage diets is developed, which incorporates the concept of a true endogenous loss related to DM intake and a net endogenous loss reflecting the extent of re-absorption of Ca endogenous losses within the gastrointestinal tract.

Feeding sows for specific weight gains in pregnancy and its effect on reproductive performance

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline A. Lee ◽  
K. G. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACTForty-five Large White × Landrace gilts were given food to realize energy intakes recommended by the Agricultural Research Council (1981) to attain maternal weight gains in pregnancy of either 40, 20 or 10 kg using a diet containing 125 g crude protein and 12·5 MJ digestible energy (DE) per kg over three parities. During a 3-week lactation period all animals were given a standard level of feeding. Maternal weight gains in pregnancy were much greater than those anticipated, for all treatments during each parity. The relationship between the actual and the predicted weight gains (kg) was the same for all three parities, actual AW = 22·62 + 0·71 predicted AW (R = 0·69). There was a large range of weight gains within treatments which was related to backfat thickness (P2 measurement (mm)) at conception in the second and third pregnancies, AW = 10·52 + 0·62 P2 measurement (R = 0·63) and to the change in P2 measurement, AW = 38·37 + 1·68 AP2 (R = 0·38) in the first pregnancy. The daily gain per MJ DE intake decreased wth parity and with decreasing energy intake. Numbers of piglets born and weaned were similar for all treatments; birth weights were also similar but there was an unexplained significant difference in piglet weaning weight in parity 2. There were no significant differences among treatments for either the total number or weights of piglets produced over the three parities.

scholarly journals Hugh Algernon Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland, 6 April 1914 - 11 October 1988

1990 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 355-359
Keyword(s):  
Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Set Up

The activities of the tenth Duke of Northumberland relevant to Fellowship of the Royal Society were the great part that he played in forwarding the work of the Research Councils. He was Chairman of the Agricultural Research Council for ten years from 1958 to 1968 and Chairman of the Medical Research Council for eight years from 1969 to 1977. He also chaired a number of Government Committees relating to veterinary matters, for example, Veterinary Education, Animal Health and Welfare. He was, however, principally a landowner and agriculturist on the 100 000 acres in Northumberland comprising the Northumberland Estates. My first meeting with him was at Syon House in 1967 when he invited me for lunch so that I could brief him on the problems of control and prevention of foot-and-mouth disease. He had just been appointed Chairman of the Committee of Enquiry on Foot-and-Mouth Disease set up following the disastrous series of outbreaks which started in Cheshire that autumn. I had recently returned from South America where I had been Director of the Pan American Foot-and-Mouth Disease Centre from 1957 to 1965. There was no doubt that the origin of the Cheshire outbreaks was from frozen mutton imported from Argentina. The Committee of Enquiry was appointed in February 1968, and it presented its Report in November 1969. I understand that he was very appreciative of my briefing, he mentioned this more than once. This is an excellent example of his kindness and generosity as no Government could or would attempt to implement any important recommendations without the backing of a powerful Committee.

An equation, suitable for computer use, based on the ARC feeding system to determine the energy requirements of growing and fattening cattle

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Zulberti ◽  
J. T. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Computer Use ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Forward Calculation

SUMMARYBased on the Agricultural Research Council's feeding system, equations were developed that allow the calculation of the metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance and weight gain by cattle, separately or combined. A general equation was developed for the straight-forward calculation of the total metabolizable energy requirements of growing and fattening cattle for any combination of body weight, rate of weight gain, age, level of muscular work, and metabolizable energy concentration of the diet. The estimates of energy requirement made by the use of this equation are in excellent agreement with those made by the Agricultural Research Council using an iterative method.In addition to avoiding the awkward iterative process, the equations proposed are readily adaptable to computer use.

XIV.—Rowett Research Institute

1951 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-276
Author(s):  
D. P. Cuthbertson
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
The North ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
The University

The Rowett Institute for research on animal nutrition had its origin under a scheme for promoting scientific research in agriculture adopted by the Development Commission in 1911.The Governing Body, which originally consisted of an equal number of members appointed by the Court of the University of Aberdeen and the Governors of the North of Scotland College of Agriculture, was constituted in 1913. Within recent years it has been expanded to include persons nominated by the Secretary of State for Scotland, the Royal Society, the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the Agricultural Research Council, and the Medical Research Council. Research work was begun in temporary accommodation in Marischal College in 1914, under the direction of Dr John Boyd Orr—now Lord Boyd-Orr—who continued as Director until his retirement in 1945.

Changes in phosphorus metabolism of sheep in response to the increased demands for P associated with an intravenous infusion of calcium

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Calcium Metabolism ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Close Association ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
P Absorption ◽  
P Retention

SummaryThe effect on phosphorus and calcium metabolism of a high rate of Ca infused directly into the blood of 10-month-old sheep, already receiving an adequate Ca and P intake, has been studied by a combination of balance and radioisotope techniques. Ca retention was significantly increased during the infusion and most of the extra Ca was retained in bone. Urinary Ca excretion also showed a small but significant increase and the efficiency of Ca absorption a small but significant decrease. Because of the close association of Ca and P in bone, the increased skeletal retention of Ca resulted in an increased skeletal P retention and hence an increased demand for P. This increased P demand was met partly by a decrease in the rate of endogenous faecal loss of P and partly by an increase in the rate and efficiency of P absorption. Because the increase in P demand was relatively small, it was not possible to decide whether the endogenous faecal loss of P can be reduced in response to increased demands to the level found at zero P intake as suggested by the Agricultural Research Council (1980) or whether higher losses at normal P intakes are inevitable.

Validation of new systems for protein evaluation in ruminants by testing the effect of urea supplementation on intake and digestibility of straw with or without sodium hydroxide treatment

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
D. A. Grubb
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Treatment

SUMMARYMilled barley straw, either untreated or treated with 70 g of NaOH/kg straw was supplemented with four levels of urea, namely 0, 6, 12 or 18 g/kg and fed ad libitum to young sheep. For the untreated straw, dry-matter intakes were (g/day) 423, 451, 441 and 463, while the digestibility of organic matter was 458, 467, 490 and 483 g/kg, respectively. For the treated straw, the intakes of dry matter were 355, 402, 531 and 567 g/day and the digestibility of organic matter was 423, 480, 589 and 628 g/kg respectively.The different responses to urea supplementation of treated and untreated straw are discussed in relation to a new system of estimating protein requirements for ruminants put forward by the Agricultural Research Council.

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