Responses of Matebele goats of Zimbabwe to feeding level: late pregnancy

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
L Majele Slbanda ◽  
M.J. Bryant ◽  
L.R. Ndlovu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
Mineral Lick

Under conventional husbandry conditions, Matabele goats kid all year round and, as they receive no supplementary feed, they are frequently exposed to periods of feed scarcity. The aim of this experiment was to determine maternal and foetal responses to different feeding levels during pregnancy.The work was carried out at the Thuli Breeding Station, in Matebeleland, south western Zimbabwe. Forty-two Matebele goats carrying single kids were individually penned and randomly allocated to each of three treatments as they reached week 14 of gestation. The treatments were; Low (L)=0.25 MJ ME / kg0.75, Medium (M)=1.5xL and High (H)=2.5xL. Whole maize grain, lucerne hay and veld hay (see Table 1) were offered at levels calculated to provide 0.2, 0.24 and 0.56 of the total ME. Drinking water and an iodized mineral lick were available to all goats ad libitum. Feed intake was measured daily. Does were weighed and body condition scored (on a scale of 1-10) weekly and within 8 hours of parturition. Kids were weighed at or soon after birth.

Responses of Matebele goats of Zimbabwe to feeding level: Lactation

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 96-96
Author(s):  
L. Majele Sibanda ◽  
M.J. Bryant ◽  
L.R. Ndlovu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Breeding Station ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Mineral Lick ◽  
Subsequent Chemical

Under conventional husbandry conditions, kid mortality of Matabele goats is highest in the dry season when feed is scarce. The aim of this experiment was to determine maternal and kid responses to feeding levels during lactation.The work was carried out at the Thuli Breeding Station, in Matebeleland, south western Zimbabwe. Forty-two Matebele goats that were fed differentially (H, M and L levels) pre-partum, were fed at either HL (1 ME MJ/W0.75) or LL (0.60 ME MJ/W0.75) as from the second week of lactation until week 15. All the does had single kids. The allocation to lactation treatments was balanced for pre-partum feeding levels. Maize grain, lucerne hay and veld hay were offered at 0.2, 0.24 and 0.56 of the total ME per treatment. Drinking water and an iodized mineral lick were available to all goats ad libitum. Feed intake was measured daily. The does and kids were weighed weekly; does were also body condition scored (on a scale of 1-10) at each weighing. The does were hand-milked weekly after separation of the kids for 4 hours (0900-1300). The milk was weighed and a sub-sample preserved for subsequent chemical analysis.

scholarly journals Does Ad Libitum Feeding during the Peri-Partum Improve the Sow Feed Intake and Performances?

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1078
Author(s):  
Laura Martí ◽  
María Ángeles Latorre ◽  
Javier Álvarez-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Large White ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

This study hypothesized that the ad libitum feeding of sows during the peri-partum may increase the neonatal survival of the piglets and the post-partum recovery of the sow. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of two peri-partum feeding strategies (ad libitum and stepped from day 110 of gestation to day 5 post-partum) on the feed intake, the reproductive performance of sows, as well as the survival of their piglets. A total of 90 Landrace x Large-White dams sired by Duroc were used. The sows were randomly assigned to feeding treatments by balancing body condition and parity between groups. The feed intake of the sows in the peri-partum was lower in the stepped than in the ad libitum strategy. The increase of the feeding level in the ad libitum sows was not counterbalanced by higher number of weaned piglets or shorter weaned to oestrus interval.

The partition of nutrients in ewes maintained in a moderate compared with a lean body condition in late pregnancy

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 743 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. McNeill ◽  
R. W. Kelly ◽  
I. H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Fetal Size ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Free Body

The effect of ewe fatness on fetal weight at term was tested without the confounding effects of placental weight and feed intake. We hypothesised that fetal weights should be similar in fat or lean ewes with placentas of a similar size, and tested the hypothesis by manipulating nutrition so that, at mating, Merino ewes carrying a single fetus were in a medium (score 2·9, liveweight 46·6 kg) or lean (score 2·0, liveweight 40·6 kg) condition. They were maintained at this fatness difference until slaughter at Day 146 of pregnancy when fetal, placental, and maternal tissues were weighed and analysed for composition. Subgroups (n = 8 per fatness group) slaughtered at Day 110, a stage when most placental hypertrophy is complete but the majority of fetal hypertrophy is yet to occur, confirmed that the treatments differed in ewe fatness (3·82 v. 9·19 kg empty-body fat, s.e.m. = 0·960; P < 0·001) but not placental weight (487 v. 538 g, s.e.m. = 41·5, P > 0·05). By Day 146, fatness differences (4·77 v. 9·56 kg empty-body fat, s.e.m. = 0·960, P < 0·001) and placental similarities (434 v. 502 g, s.e.m. = 38·3, P > 0·05) were maintained, and both groups produced fetuses of similar size (4408 v. 4382 g, s.e.m. = 204·6, P > 0·05). However, the fetuses in the lean ewes had 20% less fat/kg fat-free body weight (24 v. 30 g/kg, s.e.m. = 1·3, P < 0·01). Fetal weight was correlated with placental weight (r = 0·70; P < 0·01) but not with ewe fatness. Fetal fatness, however, was correlated with ewe fatness (r = 0·69; P < 0·01). Ewe fatness per se did not influence fetal size but did influence the deposition of fat in the fetus, possibly via a greater ability of fatter ewes to partition more glucose toward their fetus.

Pregnancy nutrition does not influence lamb liveweight in developmentally programmed ewes

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Kenyon ◽  
R. A. Corner-Thomas ◽  
S. W. Peterson ◽  
S. J. Pain ◽  
H. T. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Developmental Programming ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Nutritional Treatment ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Body Condition Scores

In sheep, maternal nutrition can affect the offspring’s milk production at its first lactation and the grand-offspring’s liveweight to weaning. However, this apparent developmental programming effect on milk production and grand-offspring liveweight has not persisted. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine if nutrition of the programmed ewe in mid- to late pregnancy affected this response. Developmentally programmed ewes (G1) that had been born from dams (G0) offered submaintenance, maintenance or ad libitum feeding levels from Day 21 to Day 50 of pregnancy and then either pregnancy maintenance or ad libitum to Day 140 were used for this study. These ewes were offered one of two pastoral-based pregnancy nutritional treatments (controlled vs unrestricted) from Day 76 of pregnancy until lambing. Pre- and post-herbage masses of the unrestricted treatment (2181 ± 47.6 and 1431 ± 24.6 kg DM/ha, respectively), were greater (P < 0.05) than the controlled treatment (1164 ± 31.6 and 819 ± 16.0 kg DM/ha, respectively). At Day 71 of pregnancy, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in G1 liveweight (70.2 ± 0.8 vs 70.3 ± 0.8 kg for controlled and unrestricted feeding, respectively), or body condition scores (2.5 ± 0.06 vs 2.5 ± 0.05) between pregnancy nutritional treatments. In late pregnancy, unrestricted G1 ewes were heavier (P < 0.05, 97.4 ± 1.0 vs 86.8 ± 1.0 kg) and had greater (P < 0.05) body condition scores (3.4 ± 0.06 vs 2.5 ± 0.06) and back-fat depths (8.0 ± 0.3 vs 5.9 ± 0.03 mm) than controlled nutritional treatment ewes. There were no interactions (P > 0.05) between grand-dam feeding levels and ewe nutritional treatment on lamb (G2) liveweights at birth or in lactation. This indicates that under the conditions of the present study, nutrition of the G1 ewe did not affect the expression of the developmental programming effect. Further studies might be warranted to determine the causes of this inconsistency in grand-offspring liveweight. Nutrition of the G1 ewe had a minor effect (P < 0.05) on G2 lamb birthweight and liveweight in early lactation but not (P > 0.05) in late lactation or on lamb survival. These findings indicate there is no little to no benefit to the lamb until weaning from offering ewes pre- and post-grazing masses above ~1200 and 800 kg DM/ha, respectively, in mid- to late pregnancy.

Effect of ewe body condition and nutrition in late pregnancy on the performance of triplet-bearing ewes and their progeny

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Kenyon ◽  
S. T. Morris ◽  
K. J. Stafford ◽  
D. M. West
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Production Response

The aim of the present study was to determine the production response of triplet-bearing ewes and their lambs to two differing feeding treatments in mid to late pregnancy and to determine the effect of ewe body condition. Ninety-two days after the start of their breeding period (P92) triplet-bearing ewes, were allocated to either a Medium (n = 72) or ad libitum (‘Adlib’, n = 72) feeding treatment until P113, followed by both groups being merged and offered ad libitum feeding conditions until lambing. The Medium feeding treatment was designed to ensure pre- and postgrazing herbage masses were below 1200 and 1000 kg DM/ha, respectively. Each feeding treatment included ewes from the following body condition score groups: 2.0 or less (CS ≤2.0), 2.5 (CS2.5) or 3.0 or greater (CS ≥3.0). At P113, Medium ewes were lighter (P < 0.05) and had lower (P < 0.05) body condition scores than Adlib ewes (72.4 ± 0.80 vs 75.2 ± 0.85 kg and 2.8 ± 0.06 vs 3.3 ± 0.06, respectively). However, at P141 liveweight no longer differed (P > 0.05, 86.2 ± 0.94 vs 86.6 ± 0.99 kg, respectively), although a small difference in condition score remained (P < 0.05, 3.0 ± 0.07 vs 3.3 ± 0.08, respectively). Ewe feeding treatment had no effect (P > 0.05) on lamb liveweight or survival or ewe liveweight and body condition during lactation. Ewe body condition score group had no effect (P > 0.05) on lamb birthweight. Lambs born to CS2.5 group ewes were heavier 70 days after the midpoint of lambing (L70) than those born to CS ≤2.0 group ewes (20.9 ± 0.41 vs 19.6 ± 0.36 kg, respectively), although they displayed lower survival to L70 (56.0 vs 69.5%). Liveweight at L70 and survival of lambs born to CS ≥3.0 group ewes (20.0 ± 0.39 kg and 61.7%) did not differ (P > 0.05) from those born to either CS ≤2.0 or CS2.5 group ewes. In conclusion, these results suggest triplet-bearing ewes can be maintained under restricted feeding conditions until at least Day 113 of pregnancy without negatively affecting ewe or lamb performance when they are subsequently offered unrestricted feeding for the remainder of pregnancy and during lactation. Under these grazing conditions the body condition of triplet-bearing ewes had little to no effect on their subsequent performance or that of their lambs.

Effect of twin-bearing ewe body condition score and late pregnancy nutrition on lamb performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Kenyon ◽  
R. E. Hickson ◽  
P. G. Hutton ◽  
S. T. Morris ◽  
K. J. Stafford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Body Condition Scores

This study aimed to investigate the effects of ewe body condition score and nutrition on twin-bearing ewes and their offspring. At maximum Day 112 of pregnancy (range 96–112 days), 185 twin-bearing ewes were allocated to either a ‘Medium’ or ‘ad libitum’ (Adlib) feeding treatment for the following 25 days (P112–P136). Each feeding treatment included ewes of body condition score: 2.0 (CS2.0, Medium n = 32, Adlib n = 28), CS2.5 (Medium n = 31, Adlib n = 33) or CS3.0 (Medium n = 30, Adlib n = 31). After P136 ewes were offered Adlib feeding conditions. Medium treatment ewes were lighter (P < 0.05) than Adlib ewes at P136 and P142 and displayed lower (P < 0.05) body condition score at P136 and back-fat depths at P142. CS2.0 ewes had lower (P < 0.05) liveweights and body condition score at P112, P136 and P142 than CS2.5 ewes, which in turn had lower (P < 0.05) liveweight and body condition scores than CS3.0 ewes. Ewe feeding treatment had no effect (P > 0.05) on lamb liveweight or apparent colostrum intake. Ewe body condition score had no effect (P > 0.05) on lamb birthweight or apparent colostrum intake. Lambs born to CS2.0 ewes had greater (P < 0.05) survival than lambs born to CS2.5 ewes. At the end of the study lambs born to CS2.0 ewes were lighter (P < 0.05) than those born to CS2.5 and CS3.0 ewes although, there was (P > 0.05) no effect of condition score on total litter liveweight. In conclusion, these results suggest twin-bearing ewes of body condition 2.0–3.0 can be offered restricted feeding levels to at least Day 136 of pregnancy with few implications for their lambs.

Effects of saline drinking water on growth and water and feed intakes of weaner heifers

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 734 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Saul ◽  
PC Flinn
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Evaporation

Nine groups of four Hereford heifers (mean � s.e. liveweight 223 � 3.1 kg), drank water containing either high (650 ppm) or low (10 ppm) magnesium concentrations combined with varying levels (5000,7000,9000, 11 000 ppm) of total soluble salts (TSS) for 79 days. At each level of TSS, high magnesium treatments were obtained by replacing 2550 pprn sodium chloride with an equal amount of magnesium chloride. A control group drank water containing 10 pprn Mg and 2 10 pprn TSS. All animals werq kept in feedlots and fed on hay ad libitum. Mean daily maximum temperature and mean daily evaporation during the experiment were 23�C and 4.6 mm, respectively. At the various TSS levels, the presence or absence of high levels of magnesium did not significantly affect liveweight gain, feed intake or animal health which suggests that the adverse effects of sodium and magnesium are similar. However, during the first 51 days of the experiment, heifers drinking water containing 11 000 pprn TSS and 650 ppm Mg lost weight and ate less than all other groups. Compared with control animals, those drinking water containing more than 5000 pprn TSS showed reduced liveweight gain (P<0.05) and feed intake during the first 5 1 days of the experiment, but this effect diminished as the experiment progressed. Overall, a TSS level of 5000 ppm caused a large but non-significant reduction in liveweight gain (36.3 v. 25.9 kg) over the 79-day period while a level of 11 000 ppm reduced liveweight by 49% (36.3 v 18.5 kg, P < 0.05)

Effect of lithium chloride intake in drinking water on bulls fed lucerne hay

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC O'Kelly ◽  
WG Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Lithium Treatment ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Blood Electrolytes ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Four experiments were conducted to examine the effects of administering lithium chloride (LiCl) in a portion of the drinking water on feed intake and blood electrolytes of bulls fed lucerne hay at either restricted intake or ad libitum. In Hereford bulls on restricted intake, LiCl at 1 mmol/kg LW. day caused gross inappetence when given dissolved in 1 L water, but did not affect feed intake when given dissolved in a larger volume of water (10 L). This volume was subsequently used for administration of all doses of the salt. Lithium chloride (1 mmol/kg LW. day) given for 5 days to Hereford bulls on restricted intake did not affect body temperature or haematocrit. Lithium concentrations (mmol/L) of 0.62 and 0.31 were established in plasma and red blood cells, and Li+ was excreted at the rate of 14.2 mmol/L urine. Lithium chloride (0.5 mmol/kg LW. day) given for 30 days to Brahman bulls on either restricted intake or ad libitum feeding established Li+ concentrations (mmol/L) of 0.31 in plasma and 0.16 in red blood cells without altering blood concentrations of Na+ or K+. However, lithium treatment of bulls on ad libitum feeding caused a 10% reduction in feed intake, with an associated 15% decrease in liveweight gain. It is proposed that reduction in feed intake due to lithium treatment of bulls on ad libitum feeding was mediated through the calming effect of the drug decreasing eating activity.

scholarly journals Effect of Body Condition and Supplementary Feeding on the Reproductive Performance of Awassi Ewes

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-145
Author(s):  
A. D. Salman
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
High Body ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Supplementary Feed

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of body condition score (BCS) and supplementary feedingon the reproductive performance of Awassi ewes.One hundred sixty Awassi ewes aged 3-5 years (Average live weight 47.41±0.76) were used in acompletely randomized design. Six weeks before mating ewes were screened for their body conditionscore (BCS) and divided into two groups, low BCS (<2.0) and high BCS (>2.0) and ewes in each groupwere subdivided according to BCS and to non-supplemented and supplemented groups (n=40 ewes).Therefore, the four groups were:1. Group (LBCN) = Low Body Condition Non-supplemented.2. Group (LBCS) = Low Body Condition Supplemented.3. Group (HBCN) = High Body Condition Non-supplemented.4. Group (HBCS) = High Body Condition Supplemented.All ewes received ad libitum barley straw, and (350g DM/ewe/day) whole barley grains. The supplementedgroups (groups 2 and 4) were fed Mating Feed Blocks (MFB) ad libitum. Mature fertile Awassi rams(Three rams / group) were run with each group.The results showed that the pre-mating, mating, andpost-mating condition scores and body weights of the non-supplemented Ewes (Groups 1 and 3) aremaintained throughout the trial. Ewes offered supplementary feed the supplemented ewes (Groups 2and 4) gained in body condition score and weights, the differences were not significant. The BCS andweights at mating for supplemented groups are 2.12, 2.64 and 46.11, 53.38 kg for groups 2 and 4respectively. The results showed that the reproductive performance of Awassi ewes improved considerablydue initial BCS and MFB supplementation. The percent of ewes lambed after mating during the first andsecond estrus cycles were significantly (P<0.05) affected by ewes' initial BCS and MFB supplementation.The percent of ewes lambed in first cycle were 50%, 77%, 72.3% and 87% for groups LBCN, LBCS,HBCN and HBCS respectively. Supplementation of low BCS ewes resulted a significant (P<0.05)improvement in conception rate (17.5%) and lambing rate (12%). The results have not shown anysignificant of initial BCS and supplementation on twinning percentage. The percent of barren ewes at endof the trial was higher (20%, P<0.05) in LBCN compared 

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