Effects of yeast culture on rumen fermentation and liveweight gain in bulls fed isonitrogenous diets of barley/urea or barley/soya

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 211-211
Author(s):  
S.M. Elhassan ◽  
R.J. Wallace ◽  
C.J. Newbold ◽  
X.B. Chen ◽  
I.E. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Cane Molasses ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Soyabean Meal

Yeast culture (YC) based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae is gaining increasing acceptance as a feed additive for ruminants. Production responses to YC have been reported in growing and lactating animals. It has been suggested that these responses are at least partly due to enhanced microbial growth in and microbial nitrogen flow from the rumen (Williams and Newbold, 1990). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of YC on rumen fermentation, microbial growth and liveweight gain in bulls fed isonitrogenous diets containing either urea or soya.Thirty two Limousin cross Friesian bulls (liveweight 344 kg) were allocated to treatments on the basis of previous growth rate and initial liveweight. Animals received mixed diets of barley/urea (92% rolled barley, 5% cane molasses, 1.5% urea and 1.5% minerals/vitamin mix) or barley/soya (86.75% rolled barley, 5% cane molasses, 0.75% urea, 6% soyabean meal and 1.5% minerals/vitamin mix) plus or minus 1.5 kg/ tonne YC (Yea-sacc1026 , Alltech, UK) (Table 1). YC was added to the diet prior to mixing. All rations were offered ad libitum twice daily until slaughter (460 kg). Rumen fluid samples were withdrawn by stomach tube 5 and 10 weeks after the beginning of the trial. The outflow of microbial nitrogen from the rumen was estimated from the appearance of purine derivatives in the urine as described previously (Chen et al., 1990).

Influence of ionophores on in vitro fermentation by rumen fluid from sheep receiving yeast culture (Yeasacc; YC)

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 78-78
Author(s):  
C.J. Newbold ◽  
R.J. Wallace ◽  
I.M. Nevison
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Wide Range

A wide range of compounds has been described which have the potential to improve animal production by manipulating the rumen fermentation. Prominent among these rumen modifiers are the ionophores. Ionophores, such as monensin and tetronasin, improve feed efficiency, partly by increasing the flow of amino-N from the rumen and partly by stimulating the production of propionate in the rumen with an associated reduction in the production of methane (Russell and Strobel, 1988). Recently there has been increasing interest in the use of yeast culture (YC) and other fungal preparation to modify the rumen fermentation. These products have been shown to increase bacterial numbers within the rumen with an associated increase in the breakdown of fibre and supply of microbial protein (Williams and Newbold, 1990). YC has also been reported to increase the production of propionate in the rumen. Little appears to be known about the effect a combination YC and an ionophore would have on the rumen fermentation. This study describes the effects of the ionophores monensin and tetronasin on the fermentation of hay by rumen fluid from sheep fed a basal diet with or without YC.

scholarly journals The yeast culture Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Strain 47) as manipulator of rumen fermentation in postpartal period of dairy cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Petr Doležal ◽  
Jan Doležal
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Lower Production

In the present study, examined was the effect of a yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Strain 47) on rumen fermentation of cows. Animals received a diet consisting of good maize silage with a higher dry matter content (16  kg), 16  kg of clovergrass haylage, 3  kg of meadow hay and 7.5  kg feed mixture. The yeast culture was added to the mixture in the dose 6  g/day and cow. The supplement of yeast culture showed a positive effect on VFA production in comparison with control (1.16±0.013B vs. 0.84±0.063A  g/ 100 ml), and lower production of lactic acid. The utilisation of ammonia was higher by cows in treated group (8.68±0.084A mmol/L). The difference in number of protozoa of cows in the control and experimental groups was significant (302.0±12.349A vs. 359.2±1.304B ths /1 ml of rumen fluid).

Influence of dietary tetronasin on microbial nitrogen metabolism in rumen fluid from cattle

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 161-161
Author(s):  
C. J. Newbold ◽  
R. J. Wallace ◽  
N. McKain
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Nutritional Effects ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

Tetronasin (ICI 139603) is an ionophore which improves feed efficiency in ruminants (Bartle et al., 1988). Its nutritional effects are at least partly derived from its influence on nitrogen and energy metabolism in the rumen. The mode of action of tetronasin is therefore similar to monensin and although it is more potent than monensin, it has a similar spectrum of antimicrobial activity (Newbold et al., 1988). The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of the inclusion of tetronasin in the diet on the ability of the resultant microbial population in the rumen to degrade casein, peptides and amino acids.Thirty castrate Friesian & Hereford crosses were fed a diet of barley, ammonia treated straw, soya bean meal, molasses and mineral/vitamin mix (62.5, 20, 12.5, 2.5 and 2.5% of dry matter respectively) ad lib, with the animals being split into three treatment groups, each of ten animals, receiving 0, 6, and 10 mg tetronasin/kg of total diet. Rumen samples were taken by stomach tube from all animals 42 and 84 d after the start of the trial. Samples were strained through two layers of muslin before use.

The effect of yeast and distillery by-products on the fermentation in the rumen simulation technique (rusitec)

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 210-210
Author(s):  
C.J. Newbold ◽  
R.J. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Simulation Technique ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Ruminant Diets ◽  
Commercial Yeast ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
By Products

The practice of adding low levels of non-commensal yeast and fungi to ruminant diets is increasingly gaining acceptance as a means of manipulating rumen fermentation to benefit production. Reported benefits include an increased degradability of forages in the rumen and an improved flow of microbial protein from the rumen (Williams and Newbold, 1990).Distillery by-products, such as pot ale syrup, are commonly included in ruminant diets as an energy source. However, pot ale syrup contains a substantial number of yeast cells. The aim of the present study was to establish if different yeasts and yeast-containing by-products had similar effects on rumen fermentation to those found with a commercial yeast culture feed additive.Two commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae preparations (Alkosel, Alko Biotechnology, Finland and Yea-sacc, Alltech, UK), active dried baker's yeast (United Distillers, UK) and two pot ale syrups from the Inchgower and Dailuaine distilleries were compared for their effects on the fermentation in the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec).

The effect of supplemental yeast culture (yea-sacc) on patterns of rumen fermentation and growth performance of intensively fed bulls

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 116-116
Author(s):  
I E Edwards ◽  
T Mutsvangwra ◽  
J H Topps ◽  
G M Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Vitamin Supplements ◽  
Soyabean Meal

Supplementation with Yea-sacc - yeast (Saccharomyces cerivisiae ‘1026’) and its growth medium - has been found by several workers to alter rumen fermentation patterns, increase milk yield and growth rate in dairy cows and calves. This experiment investigated the effect of inclusion in the diet of intensively fed bulls on rumen fermentation and animal performance.Twenty-six Limousin x Friesian bulls reared to 3 months of age on a common diet were allocated to treatment on the basis of liveweight and previous growth rate at an average liveweight of 133 kg.The Treatments were Control ‘C” and Yea-sacc ‘YC’ - the control diet supplemented with Yea-sacc. (Alltech Inc. USA) at 1.5 kg/tonne of fresh feed. The diet was a mixture of barley and soyabean meal (Tables 1 & 2) with the inclusions of the latter reduced at 159 days. Mineral and vitamin supplements were included together with molasses to bind the ingredients.

The effect of energy and protein intake on the excretion of purine derivatives

1994 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Susmel ◽  
B. Stefanon ◽  
E. Plazzotta ◽  
M. Spanghero ◽  
C. R. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Total N ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Microbial N

SummaryIn three separate experiments, groups of four, three and six mature, rumen-cannulated Simmental cows were fed diets designed to supply different quantities of energy (E) and nitrogen (N) to the rumen microbes. Experiment 1 (straw plus concentrate plus urea) had balanced E and N supplies; Expt 2 (hay and four levels of soyabean meal) had different sub-optimum N levels at the same intake as Expt 1; and Expt 3 (hay plus maize plus two levels of urea) reproduced the N shortage in Expt 2 at a higher level of intake.The amount of total N excreted in the urine (TUN) was 574 mg/kg LW0·75in Expt 1 and 420 mg/kg LW0·75of this N was excreted as total purine nitrogen (TPN). In Expt 2, TUN increased significantly (P< 0·05) with increasing soyabean levels; TPN also increased, reaching the level observed in Expt 1 when soyabean meal supplementation was highest. In Expt 3, TUN and TPN increased with increasing dietary urea concentrations; TUN and TPN were always higher than in Expts 1 and 2.Estimated microbial nitrogen supply (EMNS, based on TPN) was always considerably lower than estimates based on fermentable non-protein OM and crude protein (EMNR-EN) or an assumed yield of microbial N per kg OM apparently digested in the rumen (EMNR-OM). Regression analyses of EMNS on EMNR-EN, EMNR-OM or OM intake had moderater2values (0·76, 0·65 and 0·62 respectively) but the constant terms were significantly different from zero. The regressions of EMNR-EN and EMNR-OM on TPN gave angular coefficients of 15·81 and 11·47 respectively.The correlation between rumen liquid parameters (total count, bacterial DM, ATP and nitrogen) and OM intake, EMNS or EMNR increased with sampling time (from 09.00 to 16.00 h). The EMNR-OM produced correlation coefficients similar to those obtained with OM intake; these correlations were numerically higher than those obtained with EMNS or EMNR-EN.

scholarly journals Effects of Biochar Produced From Tropical Rice Straw, Corncob and Bamboo Tree at Different Processing Temperatures on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinh Van Dung ◽  
Le Duc Thao ◽  
Le Duc Ngoan ◽  
Le Dinh Phung ◽  
Hynek Roubík
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Biomass Resources

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of biochar produced from tropical biomass resources (rice straw, corncob and bamboo) at different processing temperatures (300, 500 and 700oC) on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production. Treatments were arranged as a 3x3 factorial with three biomass resources and three biochar processing temperatures. Added biochar occupied 3% of the substrate (DM basic). 250 mg of the air-dried substrate was incubated in 120 ml bottles, which contained 25 ml of mixed rumen fluid and buffer mineral solution. Total gas and methane production, in vitro digestibility of DM, OM, and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics were determined at three-time points: 4, 24 and 48 hours of the incubation. Results showed that biomass resources and processing temperatures affected gas production at 4, 24 and 48 hours of the incubation (P < 0.02). Interactions between biomass resources and processing temperatures affected gas production at 4 hours (P = 0.06) and 24 hours (P = 0.001). Biomass resources and processing temperatures affected methane production at different time points of the incubation, except the effect of biomass resources at 24 hours (P = 0.406). Increased processing temperature from 300 to 700oC reduced gas and methane production (P < 0.05). Biomass resources affected OM digestibility after 4 and 24 hours of incubation. Processing temperatures and their interaction with biomass resources affected OM digestibility after 48 hours of incubation (P < 0.001). NH3-N concentrations at 24 and 48h were highest for corncob, then rice straw, and lowest for bamboo tree derived biochar (P < 0.05). Increased processing temperatures resulted in higher NH3-N concentrations at 24 and 48 hours of incubation (P < 0.05). To mitigate methane production, biomass resources and processing temperatures should be considered when utilising biochar as feed additive in ruminant diets.

The response of limousin x friesian steers fed silage and concentrates to the addition of supplemental yeast culture (yea-sacc) and/or antibiotic additive (avotan)

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
I E Edwards ◽  
J H Topps ◽  
M El Sheikh ◽  
G F M Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Animal Performance

Supplementation with Yea-sacc - yeast (Saccharomyces cerivisiae ‘1026’) and its growth medium or with Avotan - an antibiotic feed additive has been found by several workers to alter rumen fermentation patterns and animal performance. This experiment investigated the effect of inclusion of these supplements on their own or in combination in the concentrates of silage fed steers on rumen fermentation and animal performance.

scholarly journals Mode of action of the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeas a feed additive for ruminants

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Newbold ◽  
R. J. Wallace ◽  
F. M. Mcintosh
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria

Two suggested modes of action of yeast in stimulating rumen fermentation were investigated. The first, that yeast respiratory activity protects anaerobic rumen bacteria from damage by O2, was tested using different strains of yeast that had previously been shown to have differing abilities to increase the viable count of rumen bacteria.Saccharomyces cerevisiaeNCYC 240, NCYC 1026, and the commercial product Yea-Sacc®, added to rumen fluidin vitroat 1·3 mg/ml, increased the rate of O2disappearance by between 46 and 89%. The same three preparations also stimulated bacterial numbers in anin vitrofermenter (Rusitec).S. cerevisiaeNCYC 694 and NCYC 1088, which had no influence on the viable count in Rusitec, also had no effect on O2uptake. Respiration-deficient (RD) mutants ofS. cerevisiaeNCYC 240 and NCYC 1026 were enriched by repeated culturing in the presence of ethidium bromide.S. cerevisiaeNCYC 240 and NCYC 1026 stimulated the total and cellulolytic bacterial populations in Rusitec, while the corresponding RD mutants did not. Rigorous precautions to exclude air from Rusitec resulted i“nS. cevevisiaeNCYC 240 no longer stimulating total bacterial numbers, although it still increased numbers of cellulolytic bacteria. The second hypothesis, that yeast provides malic and other dicarboxylic acids which stimulate the growth of some rumen bacteria, was examined by comparing the effects of yeast and malic acid on rumen fermentation in sheep. Three mature sheep were given 0·85 kg barley/d plus 0·55 kg chopped ryegrass hay/d either unsupplemented, or supplemented with 4 gS. cerevisiaeNCYC 240/d or 100 mgl-malic acid/d either mixed with the diet or in aqueous solution infused continuously into the rumen. Yeast increased the total viable count of bacteria (P< 0·05)whereas malic acid did not, and no other effect of the treatments reached statistical significance. It was concluded, therefore, that the stimulation of rumen bacteria byS.cerevisiaeis at least partly dependent on its respiratory activity, and is not mediated by malic acid.

Comparison of rice polishings and a urea/sugar cane molasses mixture as supplements for low quality forage diets for ruminants

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 207-207
Author(s):  
D. Cardenas ◽  
H. Galbraith ◽  
C.J. Newbold ◽  
J.H. Topps ◽  
J.A. Rooke
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Cane Molasses ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Tropical Forages ◽  
Forage Diets

Tropical forages found in Colombia are of low quality. Mixtures of urea and sugar cane molasses (UM) have been used as a supplement to stimulate microbial growth in the rumen and to maximise the intake of such forages by ruminants. Rice polishings (RP), a locally available by-product, could provide an alternative supplement. The experiment described here was designed to compare UM with three increasing amounts of RP on rumen fermentation and voluntary intake of a basal low quality grass hay when fed to sheep.

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