Ordance Survey Digital Mapping for Land Navigation

1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
Steve Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Technical Innovation ◽  
Digital Mapping ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
User Groups

The last few years have seen the launch of several new navigation-related products to the market; TrafficMaster is an excellent example of technical innovation and marketing skill which assists drivers to make decisions about travelling. There are many other products in development targeted at differing user groups for a wide range of applications.

Inclusive Design and Usability

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (38) ◽  
pp. 893-896
Author(s):  
W.S. Green
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This introduction to the symposium Inclusive Design and Usability gives an overview of some of the issues and problems facing ergonomists and designers who attempt to provide access to current technologies for a wide range of user groups, particularly those who may be considered disadvantaged or handicapped. The relationship of ergonomics and design is raised.

Dedicated Workshops to Educate T-Shaped Engineers

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ph. M. Gerson ◽  
A. J. Taylor ◽  
B. Ramond
Keyword(s):  
Design Education ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Technical Innovation ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Design Engineering ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shared Goal ◽  
The Right

Technical Innovation covers the process of creating a new successful competitive product from invention to production and market introduction within a practical company related context. Typically education for this kind of complicated, open ended work requires mastering a wide range of knowledge-areas and a lot of hands-on training practice in projects and workshops. The combination of depth and width is symbolized by the “T-shape”. Well-known learning theories give a good rationale of the teaching approaches that were developed over the years and a confirmation of this approach, including the important role of the experienced tutor, is found in the study of excellent companies. Work of a “T-shaped” engineer in the technical innovation process bears many similarities to the ideal transformation process of a company, like Collins describes in his “Good to Great”. The processes have a very comparable open-ended character, a focus for essence and simple, elegant solutions, opportunities and inventions. Success seems to rely more on the right people and a concentrated shared-goal driven cooperation (“flow”), than on the right methods of work. Collins’ observations and conclusions, applied to the domain of engineering design education helps understanding the earlier reported 15 years success of the International Product Design Engineering (IPDE) course of the Hanze University Groningen, with its combination of lecturing, projects and workshops, with a high reality content and direct supervision. The IPDE-related “Open Dynamic Design” (ODD) project and the educational experiments showed similar observations. Essential is the committed experienced participation in real innovation projects and intensive workshops, lead by very experienced T-shaped supervisors/“masters”, having deep knowledge over a good part of technologies, entrepreneurial and/or design related issues and good understanding of interrelationship and consequences in the other fields. They also should have a track record on the methodologies of product innovation and product development. Like the Collins level-5 leaders, they should be able to be both creative and analytical, give the students freedom and control them at the appropriate moments. They power the theoretical most effective learning “circle” with focused introductions and assignments, their direct, knowledgeable and adequate feedback, and quiet help during contemplation. Then the workshops are really fun and effective. The Loughborough and Glasgow Design engineering courses, the new master course at the Innovation Centre of the University of Technology of Compiegne (UTC) and the one at the Hanze Institute for Technology — an upgrade from IPDE — are built on these insights. To safeguard the continuation of this approach, a pool of experienced and potential (home and guest) T-experts is founded together by the small group of universities and their industrial partners, working jointly in the workshops, projects and modules, training the trainers while training the students - in T-design.

Objectives and Problems of Managing Aquatic Living Resources

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1936-1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Alverson ◽  
G. J. Paulik
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
The Status ◽  
User Groups

In the management of aquatic living resources a wide range of objectives has emerged, associated with maintenance of renewable resources at productive levels, socioeconomic goals, and national and international political interest. Conservation objectives are largely concerned with "rational use" concepts, while socioeconomic goals may be associated with economic efficiency, resource development, allocation of resources between user groups, etc.A number of problems confront managers of aquatic living resources. They include the rapidity of the changes occurring in fisheries, conflicting objectives, the fragmented and limited jurisdiction of management agencies, adequacy of scientific input into management decisions, difficulties of enforcement, and multiple use interest. Improved management of aquatic living resources will require decision-making machinery that is responsive to the dynamic character of modern fisheries, systems to resolve potential conflicts in human values, a commitment of governments, managers and scientists to assume the responsibilities delegated to them, including the promulgation and enforcement of appropriate regulations, and a recognition on the part of management that they cannot expect scientific unanimity or certainty regarding the status of fish stocks and the nature of the actions required to ensure their productivity. Although the responsibility to manage is clearly the mandate of the administrator, the scientific community has the responsibility to effectively communicate its findings to managers, to evolve methods of providing quick and reasonably cheap diagnoses of the status of stocks, and to contribute to the development of the theory and application of the total systems approach to management of renewable resources.

scholarly journals High resolution data from everyday life: coproducing a technically robust and engaging sensing platform

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Machin ◽  
Lamiece Hassan ◽  
John Ainsworth
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Connected Health ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Sensing Platform ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dementia Research ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Clinical Records

ABSTRACTObjectives Researchers are increasingly recognising the potential for connected health devices – in particular, wearables and smartphones - to capture high-resolution, multi-dimensional data from everyday life. The Dementias Platform UK project aims to develop research capacity in this emerging area by providing a combination of hardware and software: a pool of devices capable of generating data supported by a ‘sensing platform’ designed to securely receive, store and link these data with sources, including clinical records and cohort data. We collected feedback from researchers and patients to (i) develop requirements for the sensing platform and (ii) inform procurement of a device pool. ApproachSeparate workshops were held to involve (i) researchers (public and private sector) and (ii) over 30 patients from four potential user groups, including people with dementia. Both groups gave feedback on the suitability and acceptability of a range of wearable devices for capturing data for different study purposes. Additionally, researchers commented on the platform functionality. Patients were provided opportunities to handle multiple devices and test them at home. We captured feedback at workshops using notes, which were collated, shared and discussed among the team. An agile software development methodology was used to respond rapidly to changing requirements. ResultsPatients supported plans for connected health dementia research and, in principle, were willing to wear devices, provided they consented voluntarily and data were stored securely and confidentially. Many patients were prepared to undergo some level of inconvenience, for example wearing devices for longer periods, particularly if given ongoing feedback about research progress, findings and benefits. Researchers and patients agreed the platform should be open to a wide range of devices, available currently and in future. Researchers envisaged using the platform for a range of projects and data types. As a result, we established a device pool (including wearables, smartphones and tablets) and developed a generic, ‘device-agnostic’ platform to receive and store data. Platform architecture was designed to be as flexible as possible to allow for future modifications. ConclusionWe found it was feasible to integrate requirements from both researchers and patients when developing a sensing platform for dementia research. By seeking feedback from both user groups, we were better able to attend to device linkage requirements, platform functionality and acceptability, integrating these within development and procurement processes. Furthermore, we identified aspects of research setup and design that could support sustained engagement from participants, thereby improving data completeness and quality.

scholarly journals FAKE POPULARITY FOR REAL MONEY: COMMERCIAL ASTROTURFING AND DATA BUBBLE ON CHINESE DIGITAL PLATFORM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Han ◽  
Jiaxi Hou
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Real Estate Market ◽  
Mixed Data ◽  
Channel Networks ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Data Practices ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
User Groups

This on-going research delineates the constructing of an interlocking ecosystem around popularity magnification on popular Chinese digital platforms, which we refer as “data bubble”. Similar to the bubble in a stock market or in real estate market in different economies where the price of assets substantially exceeds its intrinsic value, we propose “data bubble” as a neologism to describe the phenomenon and ecosystem of manipulating data to aim for an inflated popularity on Chinese digital platforms, which ultimately pitch to higher commercial and financial values. We argue that data bubble is laced with platform company’s commercial and financial imperatives, logics of datafication and popularity of platform as data infrastructure, and active participation from different user groups and complementors, and a deeply embedded mentality of “traffic is king”. It is achieved through mixed data practices including data optimization, commercial astroturfing, and counterfeit data manufacturing behind which a wide range of actors and entities are involved. They range from platforms, individual end users (fans in particular), influencers, multi-channel networks (MCNs) and incubators, celebrities and their agencies, click farms, and advertisers—all of them have achieved their own ends and thus actively participated in fabricating data bubble in one way or another. The practices of data manipulating and optimization by different participants in constructing data bubble, as a result, have driven the data metrics on Chinese platforms far over—and no longer representative of—the actual popularity.

scholarly journals The Chinese-Russian Scientific and Technical Cooperation: Experience and Prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-334
Author(s):  
Anna Golubeva
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Technical Innovation ◽  
Technical Cooperation ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Technological Cooperation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Modern Era

The article examines the main areas of the scientific and technological cooperation between the two countries, including both already developed areas and potential areas of cooperation. Scientific and technical innovation is one of the most promising areas of cooperation between China and Russia in the modern era, it determines the future development of the two countries and affects the improvement of the living standards of the two peoples. Special attention is paid to the necessity for deepening this interaction, as well as to the significance and prospects for development of the Chinese-Russian scientific and technological innovative cooperation. The research and innovative path of China and Russia is supported by the governments and scientific and technical circles of the two countries. There has been active engagement between National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in various fields. The author’s view on possible ways and directions of development in the scientific and technical cooperation between the two countries is presented in the text. China and Russia have defined the direction of future scientific and technological cooperation already applied it in practice. They have outlined a wide range of prospects for future collaboration. It is believed that scientific and technological cooperation in the field of new artificial intelligence technologies, such as health care and telemedicine, will become an important area of the Sino-Russian cooperation in the field of scientific and technological innovation in the future.

scholarly journals Sequence2Script: A Web-Based Tool for Translation of Pharmacogenetic Data Into Evidence-Based Prescribing Recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad A. Bousman ◽  
Patrick Wu ◽  
Katherine J. Aitchison ◽  
Tony Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Report ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Laboratory Staff ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
User Groups

Pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing has emerged as an effective strategy for informing drug selection and dosing. This has led to an increase in the use of PGx testing in the clinic and has catalyzed the emergence of a burgeoning commercial PGx testing industry. However, not all PGx tests are equivalent in their approach to translating testing results into prescribing recommendations, due to an absence of regulatory standards. As such, those generating and using PGx data require tools for ensuring the prescribing recommendations they are provided align with current peer-reviewed PGx-based prescribing guidelines developed by expert groups or approved product labels. Herein, we present Sequence2Script (sequence2script.com), a simple, free, and transparent web-based tool to assist in the efficient translation of PGx testing results into evidence-based prescribing recommendations. The tool was designed with a wide-range of user groups (e.g., healthcare providers, laboratory staff, researchers) in mind. The tool supports 97 gene-drug pairs with evidence-based prescribing guidelines, allows users to adjust recommendations for concomitant inhibitors and inducers, and generates a clinical report summarizing the patient’s genotype, inferred phenotype, phenoconverted phenotype (if applicable), and corresponding prescribing recommendations. In this paper, we describe each of the tool’s features, provide use case examples, and discuss limitations of and future development plans for the tool. Although we recognize that Sequecnce2Script may not meet the needs of every user, the hope is that this novel tool will facilitate more standardized use of PGx testing results and reduce barriers to implementing these results into practice.

scholarly journals Consumer Evaluation of the Quality of Online Health Information: Systematic Literature Review of Relevant Criteria and Indicators (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalin Sun ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Jacek Gwizdka ◽  
Ciaran B. Trace
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Online Health Information ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Consumer Evaluation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
User Groups

BACKGROUND As the quality of online health information remains questionable, there is a pressing need to understand how consumers evaluate this information. Past reviews identified content-, source-, and individual-related factors that influence consumer judgment in this area. However, systematic knowledge concerning the evaluation process, that is, why and how these factors influence the evaluation behavior, is lacking. OBJECTIVE This review aims (1) to identify criteria (rules that reflect notions of value and worth) that consumers use to evaluate the quality of online health information and the indicators (properties of information objects to which criteria are applied to form judgments) they use to support the evaluation in order to achieve a better understanding of the process of information quality evaluation and (2) to explicate the relationship between indicators and criteria to provide clear guidelines for designers of consumer health information systems. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in seven digital reference databases including Medicine, Psychology, Communication, and Library and Information Science to identify empirical studies that report how consumers directly and explicitly describe their evaluation of online health information quality. Thirty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. A qualitative content analysis was performed to identify quality evaluation criteria, indicators, and their relationships. RESULTS We identified 25 criteria and 165 indicators. The most widely reported criteria used by consumers were trustworthiness, expertise, and objectivity. The indicators were related to source, content, and design. Among them, 114 were positive indicators (entailing positive quality judgments), 35 were negative indicators (entailing negative judgments), and 16 indicators had both positive and negative quality influence, depending on contextual factors (eg, source and individual differences) and criteria applied. The most widely reported indicators were site owners/sponsors; consensus among multiple sources; characteristics of writing and language; advertisements; content authorship; and interface design. CONCLUSIONS Consumer evaluation of online health information is a complex cost-benefit analysis process that involves the use of a wide range of criteria and a much wider range of quality indicators. There are commonalities in the use of criteria across user groups and source types, but the differences are hard to ignore. Evidently, consumers’ health information evaluation can be characterized as highly subjective and contextualized, and sometimes, misinformed. These findings invite more research into how different user groups evaluate different types of online sources and a personalized approach to educate users about evaluating online health information quality.

Users

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Swift
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Horizontal Diameter ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
User Groups

Artefact design is not neutral, but is aimed, whether consciously or not, at different categories of users, as explained in Chapter 1. This chapter will explore design intentions as they relate to different user-groups in more detail, investigating some of the ways artefacts function to construct and maintain social categories, and also how these categories may be resisted or questioned by users. Firstly, we will examine how artefact design relates to the Roman life course, through an exploration of the motifs on finger-rings and the social categories of men, women, and children. Secondly, Roman attitudes to leftand right-handedness may be examined in relation to various items. Thirdly, we will examine some particular types of boxes and their methods of opening, artefacts in which cultural knowledge potentially impacts upon the facility with the objects may be used. In each case, we will consider how the design features may include or exclude certain users and what the implications are for a wider understanding of both Roman social practice, and the role of artefacts in enacting and reproducing social norms and behaviours. Finger-rings, among other personal artefacts, are scaled to a specific part of the body, and through this feature they provide an opportunity to examine how artefacts may have been designed for particular categories of people. Users will need rings with an appropriate diameter that is large enough to fit a particular digit, yet not so large that it risks becoming lost. Finger sizes of course vary according to age and sex, and so provide an opportunity to examine objects designed specifically for women, children, and men. We will focus here on those finger-rings displaying a central motif (usually engraved, although sometimes in relief, or occurring as a modelled form), which exist in large numbers. Most are oval in shape, and they are found in a wide range of sizes, from 9 to 27mm in inner horizontal diameter. Many are gem-set rings, and the gem iconography that they display was remarkably consistent across the Roman Empire, consisting of a range of popular themes such as the principal deities and/or their attributes, personifications, mythological scenes, animals, portraits, and objects.

scholarly journals Communicating public avalanche warnings – what works?

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2537-2559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rune V. Engeset ◽  
Gerit Pfuhl ◽  
Markus Landrø ◽  
Andrea Mannberg ◽  
Audun Hetland
Keyword(s):  
Web Based ◽  
The Public ◽  
Preparedness Planning ◽  
Modes Of Presentation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hazard Warnings ◽  
Previous Decade ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Avalanche Warning

Abstract. Like many other mountainous countries, Norway has experienced a rapid increase in both recreational winter activities and fatalities in avalanche terrain during the past few decades: during the decade 2008–2017, 64 recreational avalanche fatalities were recorded in Norway. This is a 106 % increase from that of the previous decade. In 2013, Norway therefore launched the National Avalanche Warning Service (NAWS), which provides avalanche warnings to transport and preparedness authorities and to the public. Previous studies suggest that avalanche warnings are used extensively in trip and preparedness planning and have a relatively strong influence on the decisions people make in order to reduce risk. However, no evaluation concerning how efficiently the warnings are communicated and understood has been done to date in Norway. Avalanche warnings communicate complex natural phenomena with a variable complexity and level of uncertainty about both the future and the present. In order to manage avalanche risk successfully, it is fundamental that the warning message can be understood and translated into practice by a wide range of different user groups. Users with little or no avalanche competence may need simple information to decide when to stay away from avalanche terrain, while professional users may need advanced technical details in order to make their decisions. To evaluate how different modes of communication are understood, and how efficiently the informational content is communicated, we designed and implemented a web-based user survey. The modes of presentation were based on the Varsom.no 2017 version (Varsom.no being the national portal for natural hazard warnings in Norway). We first used a panel of 110 experts from NAWS to answer the survey, and used their answers to establish the indented message of the avalanche warning. We thereafter received responses from 264 users and compared their answers to those of the NAWS experts for the different modes of communication. We developed a method, the comprehension effectiveness score, to test the comprehension. Our empirical analyses suggest that most users find the warning service to be useful and well suited to their needs. However, the effectiveness of a warnings seems to be influenced by the competency of the user and the complexity of the scenarios. We discuss the findings and make recommendations on how to improve communication of avalanche warnings.

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