Simple Cognitive and Behavioural Changes Resulting from Improved Physical Fitness in Persons over 50 Years of Age

1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Stacey ◽  
A. Kozma ◽  
M.J. Stones
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Psychological Measures ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Subject Variables ◽  
Fitness Programs

ABSTRACTThe primary purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of exercise on simple cognitive performance and on psychological well-being in persons over fifty years of age. A secondary purpose was to assess the relationship between a set of subject variables and drop-out from fitness programs. Twenty-nine new and 37 active volunteers from the St. John's 3F fitness club for persons over fifty years of age served as subjects. Initial assessment on fitness and psychological measures was carried out within three weeks of the start/restart of the program. A second testing took place six months later. Significant pre/post differences were obtained on measures of reaction time, flexibility, balance, extra program activity, and digit symbol performance. Group by pre/post effects also reached statistical significance for psychological well-being. These results suggest that the beneficial effects of exercise are not limited to physical fitness variables, but may extend to cognitive and personality processes.

scholarly journals Have Lifestyle Habits and Psychological Well-Being Changed among Adolescents and Medical Students Due to COVID-19 Lockdown in Croatia?

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Ružica Dragun ◽  
Nikolina Nika Veček ◽  
Mario Marendić ◽  
Ajka Pribisalić ◽  
Gabrijela Đivić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lifestyle Medicine ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Mobile Phone Use ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Objective: To investigate dietary habits, sleep and psychological well-being of adolescents and medical students during COVID-19 lockdown in Split, Croatia. Methods: We surveyed 1326 students during 2018 and 2019, and compared their responses with 531 students enrolled in May 2020. Perceived stress, quality of life (QoL), happiness, anxiety, and optimism were assessed as proxies of psychological well-being, using general linear modelling. Results: We found no substantial differences in dietary pattern between pre-lockdown and lockdown periods, including the overall Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence. However, the MD pattern changed, showing increased adherence to the MD pyramid for fruit, legumes, fish, and sweets, while cereals, nuts, and dairy intake decreased during COVID-19 lockdown. A third of students reported weight loss during lockdown, 19% reported weight gain, while physical activity remained rather stable. The most prominent change was feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep, reported by 31.5% of students during lockdown vs. 8.5% before; median length of sleep duration increased by 1.5 h. Lockdown significantly affected QoL, happiness, optimism (all p < 0.001), and perceived stress in students (p = 0.005). MD adherence was positively correlated with QoL and study time, and negatively with TV and mobile phone use in pre-lockdown period (all p < 0.001). Interestingly, higher MD adherence was correlated with less perceived hardship and greater happiness and QoL during lockdown. Conclusion: These insights provide valuable information for tailored interventions aimed at maintaining healthy lifestyle in young population. Given the numerous beneficial effects associated with MD adherence, modification of lifestyle through application of lifestyle medicine deserves a priority approach.

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Psychological Well-Being: Testing Alternative Sociological Interpretations

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
William McTeer ◽  
James E. Curtis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Zero ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between physical activity in sport and feelings of well-being, testing alternative interpretations of the relationship between these two variables. It was expected that there would be positive relationships between physical activity on the one hand and physical fitness, feelings of well-being, social interaction in the sport and exercise environment, and socioeconomic status on the other hand. It was also expected that physical fitness, social interaction, and socioeconomic status would be positively related to psychological well-being. Further, it was expected that any positive zero-order relationship of physical activity and well-being would be at least in part a result of the conjoint effects of the other variables. The analyses were conducted separately for the male and female subsamples of a large survey study of Canadian adults. The results, after controls, show a modest positive relationship of physical activity and well-being for males but no such relationship for females. The predicted independent effects of the control factors obtained for both males and females. Interpretations of the results are discussed.

scholarly journals Role of a Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition, Physical Health, Psychosocial Well-Being and Sports Performance in Athletes: A Scoping Review

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Amy-Lee Bowler ◽  
Remco Polman
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Stool Microbiota

Background: Recently, a focus has been placed on investigating the potential benefits of adherence to a ketogenic diet in enhancing body composition, physical health, psychological well-being, and performance of athletes from various sporting disciplines. As the available research is yet to be collated and analyzed in a single review, this scoping review aims to analyze and draw conclusions from the available literature that exists on the efficacy of a ketogenic diet among athletic populations. Methods: Several primary research databases and any relevant citation lists were searched to locate appropriate studies for inclusion in this scoping review. Studies that investigated the effects of adherence to a ketogenic diet (KD), defined by a carbohydrate intake of less than 5% of total energy intake, on body composition, physical health, psychological well-being, and performance among an athletic population were included in the review. From 814 articles screened, 12 were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria and were included in the final scoping review. Results: Adherence to a KD has beneficial effects on body weight and fat mass. Varying effects were identified on physical health with the diet, eliciting positive effects on fat oxidation but potentially deleterious effects on stool microbiota and iron metabolism. Conflicting results were reported regarding the effects of a KD on sporting performance. Benefits were reported regarding athlete well-being following commencement of a KD, but only after week two. Conclusions: The results of this scoping review demonstrate that there are both beneficial and detrimental effects associated with adherence to a KD among athletic populations. It is understood that further research is required to make any concrete recommendations regarding a KD to athletes.

Associations Between Physical Fitness and Children’s Psychological Well-Being

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy LaVigne ◽  
Betsy Hoza ◽  
Alan L. Smith ◽  
Erin K. Shoulberg ◽  
William Bukowski
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Athletic Competence ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Teacher Reports

We examined the relation between physical fitness and psychological well-being in children ages 10–14 years (N = 222), and the potential moderation of this relation by sex. Participants completed a physical fitness assessment comprised of seven tasks and a diverse set of self-report well-being measures assessing depressive symptoms, loneliness, and competence. Peers reported on social status and teachers rated adaptive functioning, internalizing symptoms, and externalizing symptoms. Multiple regression analyses indicated a significant association between physical fitness and psychological well-being for both boys and girls. Higher levels of physical fitness were associated with lower levels of peer dyadic loneliness and fewer depressive symptoms; greater cognitive, social, and athletic competence; greater feelings of self-worth; and better teacher reports of adaptive functioning. An interaction between internalizing and sex indicated a significant and negative association between physical fitness and internalizing symptoms for males only. No other moderation effects by sex were observed. Results suggest that physical fitness is associated with a range of well-being indicators for both boys and girls in this age group.

Behavioral, Psychological, and Demographic Predictors of Physical Fitness

1989 ◽  
Vol 65 (3_suppl2) ◽  
pp. 1123-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry L. Conway
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ideal Weight ◽  
Operational Effectiveness ◽  
Avoidance Behaviors ◽  
Fitness Programs ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Endurance ◽  
Health And Well Being

Achieving higher levels of physical fitness has become a goal of many Americans both for personal reasons (e.g., improved health and well-being) and for organizational reasons (e.g., corporate cost-savings; operational effectiveness). Understanding the factors which relate to physical fitness could help people improve their fitness. This study examined 1,357 Navy men to estimate the associations among behavioral, psychological, and background factors and four components of physical fitness: (a) cardiorespiratory endurance (1.5-mile run), (b) muscular endurance (sit-ups), (c) flexibility (sit-and-reach test), and (d) body composition (estimated percent fat). Controlling for exercise activities, physical fitness was positively associated with “wellness” behaviors, believing in the importance of physical fitness, expecting to reach/maintain ideal weight, being athletic as a youth, and education; fitness was negatively associated with tobacco use, “preventive/avoidance” behaviors, age, and ever being overweight. Identifying and dealing constructively with such factors may help to structure better fitness programs tailored to the individual.

Improvement in psychological well-being in new NIDDMs. DSN versus medical initial assessment

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADB Harrower ◽  
L Tallon ◽  
P McCue ◽  
P Sullivan ◽  
S Coates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Psychological Well Being

scholarly journals LOCKDOWN DUE TO COVID-19 CREATING TOLL ON PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING OF TEACHING COMMUNITY IN INDIA.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Madhuri Hooda ◽  
Menka Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Teaching Community ◽  
Use Of Social Media

The present research work has envisaged to turn challenges imposed on Indian teaching community due to lockdown period due to COVID-19 into the opportunities for better professional development and to have a better evolved and adapted psyche. This research study was conducted to study psychological well-being of Indian teaching community in relation to the use of lockdown period due to COVID-19. The study was conducted by taking a sample of 1122 teachers from schools, colleges and university teaching departments. The psychological well-being of teachers was studied on emotional issues, behavioral issues, psychiatric effects and effect of stress triggers by using an online questionnaire. As an Independent variable use of lockdown period was also studied which included the dimensions; use of social media, engagement in house hold work, engagement in academic and professional work, involvement in physical fitness activities, spending time in hobbies involvement in social services. The collected data was analyzed by using mean, standard deviation, percentage, t-test and correlation. The results of the present study indicated that a large proportion i.e 56.15% of Indian teaching community is facing issues of psychological well-being like anger, depression, anxiety, insomnia during this lockdown period due to COVID-19. The main stress triggers; have been experienced by 41.9% of total teaching community. The female teachers have better psychological well-being in comparison with male teachers. And Psychological well-being of teaching community is significantly related to the effective use of lockdown period. The psychological well-being improves if the lockdown period is utilized in professional growth, physical fitness and social service. This conclusion of the study indicates the need of sound psychological well-being of teachers which can be build up by utilizing the lockdown period effectively.

scholarly journals Association Between Substance Use Behaviors, Developmental Assets and Mental Health: A Glance at Latin American Young College Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denisse Manrique-Millones ◽  
Nora Wiium ◽  
Claudia Pineda-Marín ◽  
Manuel Fernández-Arata ◽  
Diego Alfonso-Murcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Developmental Assets ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being

Positive Youth Development (PYD) is an approach that promotes resilience and focuses on youth strengths rather than their weaknesses as done by the traditional deficit-based perspective. Research in Europe and North America show that developmental assets are associated with school success, psychological well-being, and lower health risks among youth and young adults. However, not much research has been done on these associations in Latin American contexts. The purpose of this research study is to assess the association between substance use behaviors, such as drunkenness and the use of illicit drugs, and mental health, together with the mediating role of developmental assets representing youth strengths (e.g., social competence) and contextual resources (e.g., social support at home or school). Cross-national data was collected from Colombian (n = 210; 70.4% females) and Peruvian (n = 349; 66.5% females) 1st year university students. Results shed light on the protective role of developmental assets regarding substance use behaviors and mental well-being. Specifically, the results showed direct negative associations between developmental assets and substance use behaviors and positive associations of developmental assets with mental health indicators. Internal assets appear to be a stronger predictor of social, emotional, and psychological well-being compared to external assets. We did not find any statistical significance in the association of substance use behavior and mental health. We discuss implications regarding research, policy, and practice.

scholarly journals Physical education, leisure time physical activity, and psychological distress in adolescence

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Vilhjalmsson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
School Based ◽  
Distress Symptoms

Abstract Background Participation in physical education classes can positively affect mental and physical well-being in children and adolescets. The current study focused on the relationship between participation in gym and swimming classes and psychological distress symptoms in Icelandic adolescents. Methods The analysis is based on a national school-based study, conducted in Iceland every fourth year, as part of the WHO collaborative cross-national survey titled Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC). Data collection took place between November 2013 and February 2014. Students filled out an anonymous study questionnaire in the classroom. The data is based on responses from 15 year old (10. grade) students attending the final year of compulsory school (N = 3618; response rate 81%). Results Positive associations were observed between participation in curriculum-based gym and swimming classes and lower psychological distress symptoms. A closer multivariate path analysis suggested that beneficial effects of PE classes were direct, and also indirect because participation in such classes were positively related to leisure time physical activity. Conclusions The study suggests that school-based physical activity enhances psychological well-being in adolescence. The benefits may be both direct and indirect through increased leisure time physical activity. Key messages School-based physical activity enhances psychological well-being in adolescence. The benefits may be both direct and indirect through increased leisure time physical activity.

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