Absent without leave – can we predict those who go AWOL?

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Farragher ◽  
Miriam Gannon ◽  
Ishtag Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Past History ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome

AbstractObjective: To quantify the number of patients absent without leave (AWOL) from an Irish psychiatric hospital in one year and to examine the clinical and demographic data of this group of patients.Method: This was a retrospective study of all patients reported as AWOL from St Brendan's Hospital in 1991. The following information was obtained from the patients' case notes: age, sex, legal status, marital status, psychiatric diagnosis, number of previous admissions, past history of absconding, length and outcome of absence. Their clinical and demographic variables were compared with a control group of 214 patients (non-absconders) randomly selected from the hospital admissions over a 12 month period.Results: A total of 48 patients absconded. The majority were male, single, compulsorily detained, with a past history of absconding. The most common psychiatric diagnoses were schizophrenia (32%), personality disorder (23%) and alcohol dependence syndrome (17%). While absent, three patients had a history of suicidal behaviour and four became involved in criminal activity. Compulsory status was statistically significant when compared to the control group.Conclusion: The characteristics of our group of absconders are similar to those in previous studies apart from the increased prevalence of personality disorder and alcohol dependence syndrome. We discuss the risks associated with absconding and recommend close follow-up of this group of patients.

SUDDEN AND UNEXPECTED DEATH IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lester Adelson ◽  
Eleanor Roberts Kinney
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Past History ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
History Of

One hundred twenty-six consecutive cases of sudden and unexpected death in children between the ages of 10 days and 2 years were studied. Anatomic and microbiologic studies were carried out and an investigation was made at the home in each case. Both sexes were equally vulnerable. Eighty-five per cent of the children were less than 6 months old. The peak incidence was at 2 months. Ninety-nine children were found dead and 27 were observed to die. The same variety and severity of anatomic lesions were found in both categories. Sixteen children in the same age range who died rapidly following known lethal voilence were studied as a control group. Of the nontraumatic sudden death ("unexplained") series 106 (84 per cent) revealed microscopic inflammatory changes in 1 or more sites of the respiratory tract, and histologic evidence of inflammatory disease in other organs was seen in many cases. Acute hemorrhagic pulmonary edema was a common anatomic finding (82 per cent). It was usually accompanied by visceral and cerebral congestion and hemorrhages. Special investigative procedures including staining of the liver for glycogen, determination of the glucose level of the cerebrospinal fluid and study of the adrenals for sudanophilia and birefringence indicated that these factors are without significance in sudden death in early life. A variety of congenital and acquired abnormalities, the presence of which had been unsuspected, was demonstrated at necropsy. Eleven per cent of the 126 cases showed no anatomic abnormalities other than the circulatory phenomena. No single bacterial organism or group of organisms was isolated with any degree of consistency from any site. All attempts to isolate viruses were negative. Ante-mortem symptomatology, circumstances of death, history of contact with infectious disease, and past history of repeated respiratory infection were without prognostic significance and were not pathognomic as to the cause of death. Eighty children had histories of mild illness for 48 hours or less prior to death. Fifty-three children had received some form of treatment during this interval. Sixty-nine children had histories of contact with infectious diseases. Forty-one children had past histories of repeated respiratory infections. The cases came from every social level. Sixty-five per cent had received good care while 35 per cent had received poor care. Many of the control cases showed inflamatory disease in the respiratory tract similar to that seen in the natural death group as well as anatomic evidence of lethal trauma. The inflammatory lesions are thus not incompatible with life. Several hypotheses are offered in an effort to link microscopic inflammatory respiratory tract changes with hemorrhagic pulmonary edema and sudden death. Anatomic and anamnestic evidence exclude mechanical suffocation by bedding. No statement as to the cause of death of an infant who has died suddenly and unexpectedly should be made without complete gross and microscopic studies and thorough investigation of the scene and circumstances of death.

scholarly journals Surgical and medical morbidity following failed non-traumatic partial foot amputation in diabetic patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011417S0001
Author(s):  
Cole Cheney ◽  
John Femino
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Index Procedure ◽  
Limb Preservation ◽  
Initial Surgery ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Partial Foot Amputation

Category: Ankle, Diabetes, Lesser Toes, Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Maximal limb preservation is often the goal in choosing partial foot amputation (PFA) as a treat-ment for diabetic foot infections. Some of these patients will go on to experience multiple hospital admissions, IV antibiotic courses, surgical debridements, re-amputations and other medical compli-cations. This study describes the treatment course of these patients starting at second partial foot amputation and ending at 5 year follow-up. Methods: A retrospective cohort was built from a database of all amputation procedures performed on diabet-ic patients at the University of Iowa Department of Orthopedics from 2000 – 2015. The cohort was evaluated over time frame starting at second PFA (index procedure) and ending at 5 years after in-dex procedure. Of 264 patients who underwent partial foot amputation, 49 experienced two lower extremities PFA between January 2000 and December 2011 (cut-off used to allow minimum of 5 years post-PFA). Demographic data was recorded at index PFA and included surgical dates, laterali-ty, surgery type, diagnoses at time of initial surgery, and death date. A chart review collected in-formation on 5 year post-index PFA incidence of: non-surgical hospitalizations, antibiotic admin-istrations, total contact cast applications, and complications (such as osteomyelitis and acute renal failure). Results: Thirty-two (65%) of the second partial foot amputations (index) were ipsilateral and 17 were con-tralateral to first partial foot amputation (pre-index procedure). Eighteen (37%) of the partial foot amputation patients eventually experienced transtibial / transfemoral amputations in the 5 years fol-lowing index PFA. Eleven (22%) had at least a third partial foot amputation (and as many as 7) dur-ing study period. Sixteen (32%) patients had 17 transtibial / transfemoral amputations within 5 year time frame. 11 of the 17 (65%) TT / TF procedures were ipsilateral to index (second) PFA. Seven (17%) of the patients died. Conclusion: Maximal limb preservation may not be beneficial in all cases, particularly in the case of repeat PFAs. This cohort of repeat PFA patients demonstrated a complicated medical course with long pe-riods of hospitalization, leg immobilization in cast, and home-going antibiotics (requiring PICC). This study suggested that over a 5 year period following second PFA, patients on average experi-enced at least 31 days in TCC, 17 days hospitalized and underwent one additional amputation pro-cedure. These are likely underestimates due to follow-up or outside hospital cares. A large number of patients (18 or 37%) ultimately required higher-level amputation. There is a potential morbidity with PFA that may not be communicated to patients when making these decisions. In this cohort, the average days to second PFA was 360 days. 18 of 49 repeat PFA patients underwent tran-stibial or transfemoral amputation within 5 years of their initial PFA. The morbidity of the interim medical course over 5 years added to the poor quality of life after PFA.

scholarly journals Depression, anxiety levels and sleep quality indexes among the spouses of people with epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halil ONDER ◽  
Ersin Kasim ULUSOY ◽  
Caner BAYDAR ◽  
Mustafa KIRAZ ◽  
Muhammet Okay ORUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

ABSTRACT Background: Psychiatric problems and sleep disturbances are comorbidities that are frequently encountered among people with epilepsy. However, their presence among the spouses of peoples with epilepsy remains to be elucidated. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the spouses of people with epilepsy (PWE), with and without a history of seizures during sleep, in terms of depression, anxiety and sleep quality. Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in three groups of 18 to 65-year-olds. Group 1 consisted of healthy spouses of 127 healthy volunteers without any known neurological disease; group 2 comprised spouses of 63 PWE who had no history of seizure during sleep; and group 3 consisted of spouses of 63 PWE who had a history of at least one seizure during sleep in the course of the previous year. Questionnaires seeking demographic data and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory were applied to all participants. Results: The depression scores of the group of spouses of PWE were higher than those of the control group and were higher in group 3 than in group 2 (p = 0.017). The anxiety scores of the group of spouses of PWE were significantly higher than those of the control group, but no difference in anxiety scores was found between group 2 and group 3 (p = 0.170). The mean PSQI score of group 3 was higher than that of group 2 (p = 0.029). However, regression analyses did not show any difference between these groups. Conclusion: We found that the PSQI scores, which reflected sleep quality, were higher among the spouses of PWE who had seizures during sleep and who had more severe epilepsy.

Condition of the tongue, periodontal and immune statuses in men with alcohol dependence syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
K. A. Kunavina ◽  
A. S. Opravin ◽  
A. G. Soloviev ◽  
O. A. Harkova ◽  
N. V. Davidovich
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
History Of ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome

Relevance. Oral health problems, particularly periodontal diseases, are frequent complications in people with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS). The assessment of the periodontal, immune status and the tongue condition in ADS patients by the set of indices is promising. Materials and methods. The periodontal and immune status and the tongue condition were examined in 114 men, of whom 47 were patients with stage II ADS and 67 were subjects without a history of ADS. Pearson's chi-squared test, Mann–Whitney U test, logistic regression, factor analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results. ADS patients have significantly worse oral hygiene (p < 0.001) and 35.5 times higher probability of moderate to severe gum inflammation (p < 0.001). Sextants with bleeding (39.0%) and calculus (25.9%) prevailed among ADS patients whereas most of sextants were healthy (85.8%) in the comparison group. Significant inter-group differences were found for all CPI codes except code 4 (p < 0.001). The dorsal surface tongue coating (63.8%) and minor hyperkeratosis (27.7%) prevailed among ADS patients, while in the comparison group, there were no changes in 34.3% of subjects and coating was present in 38.8% (p = 0.003). The risk of satisfactory to poor oral hygiene was 3.7 times (p = 0.007) higher and the risk of moderate to severe gum inflammation was predicted to be 6.5 times (p = 0.015) higher if the examined subjects had changes in the tongue mucosa. The obtained differences in the level of IgG, TNF-α and cortisol prevailed in ADS patients (p < 0.001). Conclusion. In ADS patients, the severity of periodontal diseases, changes in the tongue mucosa and mucosal immunity imbalance are statistically significant. The considered dental markers of chronic alcohol intoxication are proposed to be used at the treatment and checkup dental visits to screen individuals at risk of alcohol use disorder.

THE ROLE OF SECRETING FUNCTION OF DECIDUA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLICATIONS OF GESTATION PROCESS IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH A PAST HISTORY OF CHRONIC ENDOMETRITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 2416-2420
Author(s):  
Olena О. Taranovska ◽  
Volodymyr К. Likhachov ◽  
Ludmyla М. Dobrovolska ◽  
Oleg G. Makarov ◽  
Yanina V. Shymanska
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Past History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Chronic Endometritis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning

The aim: To determine the serum FAMG in the I and II trimester of pregnancy in women with a past history of chronic endometritis, and to clarify its impact on the development of pathology of pregnancy. Materials and methods: The level of FAMG was determined at 6-8 and 16-18 weeks of gestation in 135 pregnant women with a past history of chronic endometritis, who received treatment of chronic endometritis at the stage of pregravid preparation and 168 women who became pregnant without its prior treatment. The dependence of the development of pre-eclampsia on the level of FAMG at the early stages of pregnancy has been evaluated. Results: At 6-8 weeks of pregnancy, the level of FAMG in women with a past history of chronic endometritis was 20.6% lower (122.4 ± 7.6 ng/ml) compared to the control group. In FAMG of 90.3 ± 4.3 ng/ml at 6-8 weeks of gestation, spontaneous abortion occurred in 100% of cases within the next 2 weeks. FAMG lower than 122,1 ± 3,0 ng/ml can be the predisposing factor for the development of pre-eclampsia. Conclusions: Reduced FAMG in the beginning of pregnancy in women with untreated chronic endometritis in the past history increases the incidence of miscarriages at the early stages by 2.6 times, and by 1.8 times the probability of preeclampsia development. Treatment of chronic endometritis at the stage of pregravid preparation promotes the increase of FAMG by 24,6% compared to untreated women that reduces the probability of complications during the subsequent course of pregnancy.

scholarly journals Risk of Cancer Onset in Sub-Saharan Africans Affected with Chronic Gastrointestinal Parasitic Diseases

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Waku ◽  
L. Napolitano ◽  
E. Clementini ◽  
T. Staniscia ◽  
C. Spagnolli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tuberculosis ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Chronic Group ◽  
Acute Group ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Gastrointestinal Schistosomiasis and Amebiasis are uncommon in the western world, while such infections are frequent in the African community. In addition to the problems associated with the clinical symptoms of these parasitic infections, it is important to stress the increase in cancer of the Gastro-Intestinal (GI) tract. In this study we evaluate the prevalence of cancer in patients affected by chronic inflammatory diseases caused by the above named parasites. In three years, from January 2000 to December 2003, we observed a total of 1199 subject. Of these, 950 presented with complaints of diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal pain, melena, hematemesis, rectal discharges and alteration of bowel habits. A total of 818 patients were evaluated in Uganda (Mulago and Arua hospitals) and 381 at Luisa Guidotti Hospital in Zimbabwe. An exhaustive clinical history was collected for each patient and then physical and laboratory examinations were performed. The clinical files of all patients previously admitted to the respective hospitals were obtained and the information taken from these files was then integrated with our clinical findings. Subjects who were found free of gastro-intestinal disease after examinations and did not have a clinical history of infective GI disease but presented with other pathologies, were regarded as control group. The control group was composed of 249 subjects. The subjects who were positive on examination underwent further investigations. The number of patients affected by schistosomiasis and amoebiasis were 221 and 224 respectivelly. The number of patients who suffered from aspecific enterocolitis was 454, intestinal tuberculosis was present in 21 patients and we found 30 patients with esophageal candidiasis. Patients who had the above mentioned GI diseases were then divided into 3 groups. First group was composed of patients who had a clinical history of infective GI diseases and were re-admitted for similar symptoms, and on examination were positive for the presence of the same infective GI diseases. Such patients were placed in the “Chronic group”. The second group was formed of patients who had previously undergone treatment for infective GI diseases but on re-admission were found free of infective GI disease, and this group was described as the “Cured group”. They had symptoms associated with other pathologies. A third group, which we described as the “Acute group” was composed of patients who did not have any previous case of GI infection and were admitted for the first time. Such patients were found positive on examination for infective GI diseases. In the 950 patients, we found a total of 45 tumors. The tumors were prevalent (42 tumours) in the chronic group. In 34 patients the tumor was in the colo-rectal region, in 3 patients in the stomach, in 4 patients in the oesophagus and 1 patient had cancer in the small bowel. Our results show a strong association between the chronic infection of the GI tract and the likelihood to develop tumours. However, it is not clear which biological mechanisms are implicated in such transformations. They may depend on the chronic inflammation of the GI mucous which permits the entrance of carcinogenic materials or on the effects of mutagenic products produced by the parasites or both.

Towards a cognitive model of hallucinations in the course of alcohol dependence? A source monitoring-based pilot study

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (13) ◽  
pp. 2763-2773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ł. Gawęda ◽  
J. Mikuła ◽  
W. Szelenbaum ◽  
A. Kokoszka
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Confidence Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Recognition Phase ◽  
History Of

BackgroundWe investigated whether source-monitoring deficits (here a discrimination between imagined and performed actions) underlie hallucinations among patients with a history of hallucinations in the course of their alcohol dependence.MethodWe assessed 29 patients with alcohol dependence who had no history of hallucinations during their course of alcoholism and 29 patients with a history of at least one episode of hallucinations of any modality during their course of alcohol dependency. The control group consisted of 24 healthy participants. Participants were assessed with an action memory task. Simple actions were presented to the participants verbally or non-verbally. Some actions were performed physically and others were imagined. In the recognition phase, participants were asked whether the action was presented verbally or non-verbally (action presentation type discrimination) and whether the action was performed or imagined (self-monitoring). A confidence score related to self-monitoring responses was also obtained.ResultsAlcoholics with a history of hallucinations misremembered imagined actions as perceived ones more frequently than patients without hallucinations, but not the reverse. Only patients with a history of hallucinations committed more errors of this type than healthy subjects. There were no group differences regarding discrimination between an action presentation type. Both clinical groups committed errors with a higher degree of confidence than healthy subjects.ConclusionsOur results tentatively suggest that a specific type of source-monitoring deficit (i.e. confusing imagery with reality) may be involved in the hallucinations in patients with alcohol dependence. The findings are discussed in the light of a transdiagnostic approach to hallucinations.

scholarly journals Association study of the Ile349val polymorphism of the gene ADH1C and alcohol dependence

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Soares Rebello ◽  
Rodrigo Moura-Neto ◽  
Maria da Glória da Costa Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Alcoholics Anonymous ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome ◽  
Genotype Difference ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Janeiro City

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the polymorphism Ile349Val of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase ADH1C gene among individuals with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) attending Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) meetings. METHODS: A total of 120 subjects residing in Rio de Janeiro city participated in this study. Subjects were divided into two groups: a group consisting of 54 individuals from the ADS group and 66 individuals that declared not having any alcohol dependence (control group). DNA was extracted from mouth epithelial cells by phenol-chloroform method and further submitted to amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: Our results did not show differences between the genotypes of control individuals and ADS subjects. Nevertheless, we found increased rates of alcoholism in families of ADS subjects as compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our results did not show any genotype difference on the ADH1C gene when control and AA genotypes are compared.

scholarly journals Prognosis of the development of pneumonia in children at the outbreak of respiratory mycoplasmosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 921-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
S P Kokoreva ◽  
O A Razuvaev
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Past History ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumonia ◽  
Focus Of Infection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mycoplasmal Pneumonia ◽  
And Control

Aim. To identify risk factors for mycoplasma pneumonia at the outbreak of respiratory mycoplasmosis in the children’s collective using a comprehensive statistical analysis. Methods. 120 children aged 12-15 years from the focus of respiratory mycoplasmosis outbreak were observed. They were divided into two groups: study group - 33 children with mycoplasma pneumonia, and control group - 56 children from the focus of infection, 14 of which during the observation period had no disease simptoms, and 42 children had other forms of respiratory mycoplasmosis. Results. 6 factors influencing the development of mycoplasma pneumonia were identified in children from the focus of respiratory mycoplasmosis outbreak. The correlation analysis was performed and one-dimensional models of the chance of developing pneumonia were constructed by calculating odds ratios. Past history of pneumonia increases the risk for pneumonia by 23.46 times, passive smoking in a child - by 2.77 times. At the same time, emergency prevention with immunotropic drugs reduces the risk for pneumonia by 8.93 times, daily walking - by 3.31 times, walking for more than 2 hours - by 3.83 times, increasing fruit in the diet - by 3.09 times and taking multivitamins - by 2.56 times compared to cases when these measures were not taken. The binary logistic regression was calculated to build a multidimensional research model. The sensitivity of this model was 87.88%, specificity - 91.07%. Conclusion. At the outbreak of respiratory mycoplasmosis the risk factors for the development of mycoplasmal pneumonia are pneumonia in past medical history, smoking in a child’s family; preventive measures are long-term daily exposure to fresh air, emergency prevention with immunotropic, complex multivitamin preparations with trace elements and lactic acid bacteria, dietary intake corrected for fruit intake.

FIBRINOLYTIC ALTERATIONS AS RISK FACTOR IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Aznar ◽  
A Estelles ◽  
G Tormo ◽  
F Espafia ◽  
V Torino
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Stable Angina ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Patient Groups

It has been reported that young survivors of myocardial infarction (MI) have elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) levels. We have studied several fibrinolytic parameters (euglobulin lysis time, fibrin-plate lysis, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen, t-PA activity, PAI activity, plasminogen, az antiplasmin and FDP/fdp in 55 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), before and after an exercise test. The patients were classified in 4 groups:A) Patients with unstable angina (n=5); B) Patients with stable angina and previous history of MI (n=13); C) Patients with stable angina without previous history of MI (n=ll) and D) Patients with MI about 3 weeks before this study (n=26). All the groups were similars in age and life habits. Patients suffering from dislipemia and diabetes were excluded from the study. In basal conditions, PAI activity (U/ml) was high in the 4 patient groups (A:2.5±2.8; B:5.2 ± 4.9; C:2.8 ± 2.6; D: 4.6 ± 4.6) ascompared to a group of 10 healthy volunteers (0.46±0.5). In all the clinical groups there were a large number of patients (about 60%) whose PA inhibitor level was > 2 U/ml. t-PA antigen (ng/ml) was slightly elevated in all patient groups (A: 12.4+±4.6; B:12.4±5.6; C:12.5+4.0; D: 13.3+4.3) in comparison with control group (10.1+2.9). The release of t-PA antigen after the exercise test did not differ significantly from one group to another. However, this release was < 3 ng/ml in about 50% of patients in all clinical groups, as compared to the control group, in which the release of t-PA antigen was higher than 3 ng/ml in all the subjects. After the exercise PAI activity remained high in the patient groups. The increased level of t-PA inhibitor activity founded in the patients was partially inhibited by antiserum against PA inhibitor-1 but not by antiserum against PA inhibitor-2. The formation of a complex of about 115,000 daltons between the increased plasma PA-Inhibitor and purified single t-PA was observed by a zymographic fibrin technique. These findings demonstrate that CHD patients have a fibrinolytic hypofunction caused basically by an increase in t-PA inhibitor. This increase in PAI activity is more evident in patient with a previous history of MI.

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