Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi in seven Asian countries

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-H. CHUANG ◽  
L.-H. SU ◽  
J. PERERA ◽  
C. CARLOS ◽  
B. H. TAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Asian Countries

SUMMARYTwo hundred and four Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S. Typhi) isolates were collected from seven Asian countries during 2002–2004. Multidrug-resistant S. Typhi (resistant to ⩾3 antibiotics) was detected in 84 (41·2%) isolates and 142 (69·6%) showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (minimum inhibitory concentration=0·125–1·0 mg/l). This study highlights the worsening situation of antimicrobial resistance of S. Typhi in Asia.

scholarly journals Minimum inhibitory concentration of carbapenems and tigecycline against Salmonella spp.

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malini R. Capoor ◽  
Deepthi Nair ◽  
Jitendra Posti ◽  
Smita Singhal ◽  
Monorama Deb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Agar Dilution

Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella spp. is of grave concern, more so in quinolone-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates that cause complicated infections. The MIC of azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, cefixime, cefepime, ceftriaxone, gatifloxacin, imipenem, levofloxacin, meropenem and ofloxacin (E-test strip) and tigecycline and faropenem (agar dilution) against 210 Salmonella spp. was determined. MIC90 (defined as the antimicrobial concentration that inhibited growth of 90 % of the strains) of the carbapenems (imipenem and meropenem) for Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A was 0.064 μg ml−1. MIC90 of faropenem was 0.25 μg ml−1 for S. Typhi, S. Paratyphi A and Salmonella Typhimurium. The MIC90 of azithromycin for all Salmonella spp. ranged from 8 to 16 μg ml−1. Tigecycline showed an MIC90 of 2 μg ml−1 for S. Typhi, 1 μg ml−1 for S. Paratyphi A and 4 μg ml−1 for S. Typhimurium. We concluded that tigecycline and the carbapenems are likely to have roles in the final stage of treatment of quinolone-resistant and ESBL-producing multidrug-resistant salmonellae.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from meat

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Różańska ◽  
Aleksandra Lewtak-Piłat ◽  
Jacek Osek
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Concentration Technique

Abstract The aim of the study was the evaluation of the antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from cattle, pig, and poultry meat. A test was performed on 111 strains using the minimum inhibitory concentration technique. The highest number of isolates (94 strains) were resistant to lincomycin, the second-highest resistance was to quinupristin/dalfopristin (88 strains), tetracycline followed (65 strains), and erythromycin resistance was also notable (40 strains). All isolates tested were sensitive to daptomycin, nitrofurantoine, and tigecycline, whereas only few strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, penicillin, and vancomycin. The obtained results showed that meat may be a source of antimicrobial resistant enterococci which may be transferred to humans

scholarly journals Characterization of Multidrug Resistance Patterns of Emerging Salmonella enterica Serovar Rissen along the Food Chain in China

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Xuebin Xu ◽  
Silpak Biswas ◽  
Guimin Gu ◽  
Mohammed Elbediwi ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Salmonella spp. are recognized as important foodborne pathogens globally. Salmonella enterica serovar Rissen is one of the important Salmonella serovars linked with swine products in numerous countries and can transmit to humans by food chain contamination. Worldwide emerging S. Rissen is considered as one of the most common pathogens to cause human salmonellosis. The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance properties and patterns of Salmonella Rissen isolates obtained from humans, animals, animal-derived food products, and the environment in China. Between 2016 and 2019, a total of 311 S. Rissen isolates from different provinces or province-level cities in China were included here. Bacterial isolates were characterized by serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 14 clinically relevant antimicrobials were obtained by broth microdilution method. S. Rissen isolates from humans were found dominant (67%; 208/311). S. Rissen isolates obtained from human patients were mostly found with diarrhea. Other S. Rissen isolates were acquired from food (22%; 69/311), animals (8%; 25/311), and the environment (3%; 9/311). Most of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and ampicillin. The S. Rissen isolates showed susceptibility against ceftriaxone, ceftiofur, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin. In total, 92% of the S. Rissen isolates were multidrug-resistant and ASSuT (27%), ACT (25%), ACSSuT (22%), ACSSuTAmc (11%), and ACSSuTFox (7%) patterns were among the most prevalent antibiotic resistance patterns found in this study. The widespread dissemination of antimicrobial resistance could have emerged from misuse of antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry in China. These findings could be useful for rational antimicrobial usage against Salmonella Rissen infections.

Genotypic Resistance of Pyrazinamide but Not Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Is Associated With Longer Time to Sputum Culture Conversion in Patients With Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Kuhlin ◽  
Lina Davies Forsman ◽  
Mikael Mansjö ◽  
Michaela Jonsson Nordvall ◽  
Maria Wijkander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sputum Culture ◽  
Sputum Culture Conversion ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Culture Conversion

Abstract Background Pyrazinamide (PZA) resistance in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is common; yet, it is not clear how it affects interim and treatment outcomes. Although rarely performed, phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) is used to define PZA resistance, but genotypic DST (gDST) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) could be beneficial. We aimed to assess the impact of PZA gDST and MIC on time to sputum culture conversion (SCC) and treatment outcome in patients with MDR-TB. Methods Clinical, microbiological, and treatment data were collected in this cohort study for all patients diagnosed with MDR-TB in Sweden from 1992–2014. MIC, pDST, and whole-genome sequencing of the pncA, rpsA, and panD genes were used to define PZA resistance. A Cox regression model was used for statistical analyses. Results Of 157 patients with MDR-TB, 56.1% (n = 88) had PZA-resistant strains and 49.7% (n = 78) were treated with PZA. In crude and adjusted analysis (hazard ratio [HR], 0.49; 95% conficence interval [CI], .29-.82; P = .007), PZA gDST resistance was associated with a 29-day longer time to SCC. A 2-fold decrease in dilutions of PZA MIC for PZA-susceptible strains showed no association with SCC in crude or adjusted analyses (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, .73–1.31; P = .89). MIC and gDST for PZA were not associated with treatment outcome. Conclusions In patients with MDR-TB, gDST PZA resistance was associated with a longer time to SCC. Rapid PZA gDST is important to identify patients who may benefit from PZA treatment.

scholarly journals Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi in Korea

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 4130-4135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungwon Lee ◽  
Dongeun Yong ◽  
Jong Hwa Yum ◽  
Young Sik Lim ◽  
Hyun Sook Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Gene Cassettes ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT A chloramphenicol-resistant strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi was first noted in Korea in 1992, when a resistant isolate was detected in a returned traveler. Continued isolation of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains thereafter in other settings prompted a retrospective analysis of laboratory records and phenotypic and genotypic analyses of 12 chloramphenicol-resistant isolates. Among these, one isolate was resistant only to chloramphenicol, and the other isolates were also resistant to ampicillin and co-trimoxazole. MDR was transferred by conjugation from 9 of the 11 isolates. PCR showed that all isolates had an incompatible group HI1 plasmid, and oriT was detected in 10 isolates, which included strains with an unsuccessful transfer of resistance. All of the ampicillin-resistant isolates had a β-lactamase band of pI 5.4 and bla TEM alleles. A PCR amplicon from an isolate showed that the sequences were identical to those of bla TEM-1, suggesting that all isolates had a TEM-1 β-lactamase. All isolates had class 1 integrons: 10 isolates had integrons of ca. 1.2 kb with dhfr7 gene cassettes, and 1 isolate had an integron of ca. 2.3 kb with aacA4 and bla OXA-1-like gene cassettes. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of 7 of 11 MDR isolates were identical and indistinguishable from those reported for isolates in India and Indonesia. In conclusion, some of the MDR strains in Korea are related to those in other Asian countries. Susceptibility testing became necessary for selection of antimicrobial agents for the optimal treatment of patients with the emergence of MDR Salmonella serovar Typhi in Korea.

scholarly journals Impact of Reappraisal of Fluoroquinolone Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Susceptibility Breakpoints in Gram-Negative Bloodstream Isolates

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie C. Shealy ◽  
Matthew M. Brigmon ◽  
Julie Ann Justo ◽  
P. Brandon Bookstaver ◽  
Joseph Kohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistance Risk ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
The Impact

The Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute lowered the fluoroquinolone minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) susceptibility breakpoints for Enterobacteriaceae and glucose non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli in January 2019. This retrospective cohort study describes the impact of this reappraisal on ciprofloxacin susceptibility overall and in patients with risk factors for antimicrobial resistance. Gram-negative bloodstream isolates collected from hospitalized adults at Prisma Health-Midlands hospitals in South Carolina, USA, from January 2010 to December 2014 were included. Matched pairs mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to examine the change in ciprofloxacin susceptibility after MIC breakpoint reappraisal. Susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae to ciprofloxacin declined by 5.2% (95% CI: −6.6, −3.8; p < 0.001) after reappraisal. The largest impact was demonstrated among Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream isolates (MD −7.8, 95% CI: −14.6, −1.1; p = 0.02) despite more conservative revision in ciprofloxacin MIC breakpoints. Among antimicrobial resistance risk factors, fluoroquinolone exposure within the previous 90 days was associated with the largest change in ciprofloxacin susceptibility (MD −9.3, 95% CI: −16.1, −2.6; p = 0.007). Reappraisal of fluoroquinolone MIC breakpoints has a variable impact on the susceptibility of bloodstream isolates by microbiology and patient population. Healthcare systems should be vigilant to systematically adopt this updated recommendation in order to optimize antimicrobial therapy in patients with bloodstream and other serious infections.

scholarly journals Overview of Quantitative Methodologies to Understand Antimicrobial Resistance via Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1405
Author(s):  
Alec Michael ◽  
Todd Kelman ◽  
Maurice Pitesky
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Model Selection ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Failure Time ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Accelerated Failure Time ◽  
Clinical Resistance ◽  
Interval Censored

The development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a significant threat to humans and food animals. The use of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine may select for resistant bacteria, resulting in increased levels of AMR in these populations. As the threat presented by AMR increases, it becomes critically important to find methods for effectively interpreting minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests. Currently, a wide array of techniques for analyzing these data can be found in the literature, but few guidelines for choosing among them exist. Here, we examine several quantitative techniques for analyzing the results of MIC tests and discuss and summarize various ways to model MIC data. The goal of this review is to propose important considerations for appropriate model selection given the purpose and context of the study. Approaches reviewed include mixture models, logistic regression, cumulative logistic regression, and accelerated failure time–frailty models. Important considerations in model selection include the objective of the study (e.g., modeling MIC creep vs. clinical resistance), degree of censoring in the data (e.g., heavily left/right censored vs. primarily interval censored), and consistency of testing parameters (e.g., same range of concentrations tested for a given antibiotic).

scholarly journals Genome Sequences of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Dublin Isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baha Abdalhamid ◽  
Emily L. Mccutchen ◽  
Kacie D. Flaherty ◽  
Steven H. Hinrichs ◽  
Peter C. Iwen
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Human Samples ◽  
Systemic Infections ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Dublin

Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin, which can cause enteritis and systemic infections in humans, has been associated with antimicrobial resistance. Here, we report draft genome sequences of seven multidrug-resistant S. Dublin isolates from human samples. These sequences will contribute to an understanding of pathogenesis and resistance determinants in this serovar.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document