scholarly journals HPV infection in semen: results from a new molecular approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Capra ◽  
R. Schillaci ◽  
L. Bosco ◽  
M. C. Roccheri ◽  
A. Perino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Oncogenic Hpv

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is the agent of the most common sexually transmitted diseases causing a variety of clinical manifestations ranging from warts to cancer. Oncogenic HPV infection is the major cause of cervical cancer and less frequently of penile cancers. Its presence in semen is widely known, but the effects on fertility are still controversial. We developed a new approach to evaluate virus localisation in the different semen components. We analysed also the specific genotype localisation and viral DNA quantity by qPCR. Results show that HPV DNA can be identified in every fraction of semen: spermatozoa, somatic cells and seminal plasma. Different samples can contain the HPV DNA in different fractions and several HPV genotypes can be found in the same fraction. Additionally, different fractions may contain multiple HPV genotypes in different relative quantity. We analysed the wholeness of HPV DNA in sperm cells by qPCR. In one sample more than half of viral genomes were defective, suggesting a possible recombination event. The new method allows to easily distinguish different sperm infections and to observe the possible effects on semen. The data support the proposed role of HPV in decreased fertility and prompt new possible consequences of the infection in semen.

scholarly journals The role of herpes and human papillomavirus infection in prostate and bladder carcinogenesis

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
L. M. Mikhaleva ◽  
A. A. Kamalov ◽  
G. G. Maryin ◽  
V. K. Karpov ◽  
E. P. Akopyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
Oncogenic Hpv

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a small epithelial, non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the Papillomaviridae family. HPV infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, and certain types of HPV are known to be carcinogenic to humans. According to the scientific literature, there is reliable information about the role of highly oncogenic HPV types in the development of cervical, anal, vulvar, vaginal, penile, and oropharyngeal cancer.Currently, a relevant and promising research area is the study of the role of HPV infection in prostate cancer (PC) and bladder cancer (BC), but scientific data on the potential pathogenetic relationship between these phenomena remain contradictory. An in-depth study of the question how herpes and human papillomavirus affect the origin of malignant tumors of the prostate and bladder, as well as the course of these diseases, and the prognosis of their development can become a source of information for development of new approaches to their diagnosis, prevention, and monitoring of morbidity. This literature review analyzes the results of modern studies on the role of oncogenic HPV types in the carcinogenesis of PC and BC. 

scholarly journals Lack of HPV in pterygium with no evidence of autoinoculation and the role of cytokines in pterygium with dry eye

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lita Uthaithammarat ◽  
Ngamjit Kasetsuwan ◽  
Yuda Chongpison ◽  
Pimpetch Kasetsuwan ◽  
Usanee Reinprayoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

AbstractThis study evaluated human papillomavirus’s (HPV) role in pterygium pathogenesis, its autoinoculation from genitalia to ocular surface, potential cytokines involved, and crosstalk cytokines between pterygium and dry eye (DE). This cross-sectional study enrolled 25 healthy controls (HCs) and 116 pterygium patients. Four subgroups of pterygium and DE were used in cytokine evaluations. Conjunctival and pterygium swabs and first-void urine samples (i.e., genitalia samples) were collected for HPV DNA detection using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Tear cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tears were evaluated. No HPV DNA was detected in conjunctival or pterygium swabs. No association was found between HPV DNA in urine samples and that from conjunctival or pterygium swabs. Tear VEGF levels were significantly higher in pterygium patients than in HCs, with no markedly different levels between primary and recurrent pterygia. Tear IL-6, IL-18, and tear VEGF were significantly higher in participants with DE, regardless of pterygium status. In conclusion, HPV infection was not a pathogenic factor of pterygia. The hypothesis of HPV transmitting from the genitals to ocular surfaces was nullified. Tear VEGF was involved in both pterygia and DE, whereas tear IL-6 and IL-18 played roles only in DE.

scholarly journals Papillomavirus can be transmitted through the blood and produce infections in blood recipients: Evidence from two animal models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy M. Cladel ◽  
Pengfei Jiang ◽  
Jingwei J. Li ◽  
Xuwen Peng ◽  
Timothy K. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Blood Banks ◽  
Gain Access

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infections are commonly thought to be strictly sexually transmitted. However, studies have demonstrated the presence of HPV in cancers of many non-sexual internal organs, raising the question as to how the viruses gain access to these sites. A possible connection between blood transfusion and HPV-associated disease has not received much attention. We show, in two animal models, that blood infected with papillomavirus yields infections at permissive sites. Furthermore, we demonstrate that blood from actively infected mice can transmit the infection to naïve animals. Finally, we report papillomavirus infections in the stomach tissues of animals infected via the blood. Stomach tissues are not known to be permissive for papillomavirus infection, although the literature suggests that HPVs may be associated with a subset of gastric cancers. These results indicate that the human blood supply, which is not screened for papillomaviruses, could be a potential source of HPV infection and subsequent cancers.SUMMARYHuman papillomaviruses cause 5% of human cancers. Currently, blood banks do not screen for these viruses. We demonstrate that blood transfused from papillomavirus-infected animals produces infections in recipients. Public health implications are significant if the same is true for humans.DefinitionsLocal papillomavirus infection:An infection initiated by the direct application of virus or viral DNA to the site of infectionIntravenous (IV) papillomavirus infection:An infection resulting from blood-borne delivery of virus or viral DNA to the site of infection.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine acceptance and perceived effectiveness, and HPV infection concern among young New Zealand university students

Sexual Health ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Chelimo ◽  
Trecia A. Wouldes ◽  
Linda D. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics

Two-hundred undergraduate students completed an anonymous questionnaire after viewing a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine television commercial. Eight-four percent of participants would accept a free HPV vaccine, whereas 47% were unconcerned about future personal HPV infection risk. Males were less likely to accept a free HPV vaccine and to be concerned about future personal HPV infection risk. Perceived HPV vaccine effectiveness was significantly greater among participants who had previously heard of the vaccine and who knew that HPV is sexually transmitted. More education on the role of sexual behavioural characteristics of both males and females in HPV transmission is necessary to promote awareness and concern of personal HPV infection risk and acceptance of HPV vaccination.

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus and Its Association with Other Sexually Transmitted Coinfection among Sexually Active Women from the Northeast of Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Almeida Cunha ◽  
Ilka Kassandra Pereira Belfort ◽  
Francisco Pedro Belfort Mendes ◽  
Gerusinete Rodrigues Bastos dos Santos ◽  
Lucas Henrique de Lima Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Epithelial Lesions ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions

Objective. To verify the association between HPV infection and the presence of coinfections (Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae) in women in the state of Maranhão. Methods. HPV-DNA detection was performed by the nested PCR, using the primers PGMY09/11 and GP + 5/GP + 6. For the identification of sexually transmitted agents, conventional PCR was performed using the following primers: KL1/KL2 (Chlamydia trachomatis), TVA5/TVA6 (Trichomonas vaginalis), and HO1/HO3 (Neisseria gonorrhoeae). DNA-HPV positive samples were subjected to automated sequencing for genotyping. Results. Among the 353 women evaluated, 204 (57.8%) had HPV-DNA, of which 140 (68.6%) exhibited HPV/STIs, while 64 (31.4%) had the only HPV. T. vaginalis infection showed a positive association with HPV ( p = 0.003 ). Women without cervical lesions were predominant (327/92.6%); however, the largest number of lesions was reported in women who had HPV/coinfections (18/8.8%). Multiple regression analysis showed that both HPV only and the concomitant presence of HPV/STI were able to indicate the occurrence of epithelial lesions (R = 0.164; R2 = 0.027). Conclusion. The findings suggest that the presence of T. vaginalis can contribute to HPV infection, and HPV/IST association may influence the development of cervical intraepithelial lesions that are precursors of cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Italian observational study on HPV infection, E6, and p16 expression in men with penile cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narcisa Muresu ◽  
Giovanni Sotgiu ◽  
Laura Saderi ◽  
Illari Sechi ◽  
Antonio Cossu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Penile Cancer ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most important causes of cancer. It can play a role in cervical and extra-cervical cancers. Penile cancer is rare, even if an increasing trend was recently reported. Aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes in cases of penile cancer diagnosed in Sardinia, Italy. Surrogate markers of HPV infection (i.e., E6 and p16 genes) were also evaluated in all cases. Methods An observational, retrospective study which recruited all cases of penile cancer diagnosed between 2002 and 2019 at a tertiary care hospital in Sardinia, Italy, was carried out. HPV-DNA detection and genotyping were performed by Real-time PCR. Specimens were tested for oncogene E6 mRNA and for p16(INK4a) expression. Results HPV prevalence was 28.1% (9/32); HPV-16 was the most prevalent genotype (7/9, 77.8%). p16INK4a positivity was found in 66.7% of the samples with a statistically significant difference between HPV-positive and -negative groups. E6-transcript was detected in 71% of the HPV-16 positive samples. The overall survival was not statistically different between HPV-positives and -negatives. Discussion The present study confirms the etiologic role of HPV in penile cancer and supports the adoption of vaccination strategies in men and women. Further studies should clarify the diagnostic and prognostic role of E6 and p16 proteins. Conclusion HPV infection can favor the occurrence of penile cancer, whose diagnosis and prognosis could be improved with the implementation of validated molecular techniques.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Cocaine Use and Human Papillomavirus Infections in HIV-Seropositive and HIV-Seronegative Women

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Minkoff ◽  
Ye Zhong ◽  
Howard D. Strickler ◽  
D. Heather Watts ◽  
Joel M. Palefsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hiv Seropositive ◽  
Oncogenic Hpv

Objective. Animal data suggest that cocaine has an immunosuppressive effect, but no human studies have been conducted to assess the relation of cocaine use with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the viral cause of cervical cancer. Since both cocaine use and HPV infection are common among HIV-positive women, we sought to determine whether use of cocaine and/or crack influences the natural history of HPV among women with or at high risk of HIV.Methods. Women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (2278 HIV-seropositive and 826 high-risk seronegative women) were examined every six months for up to 9.5 years with Pap smear, collection of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples, and detailed questionnaires regarding health and behavior, including use of crack and cocaine (crack/cocaine). CVLs were tested for HPV DNA by PCR, with genotyping for over forty HPV types.Results. In multivariate logistic regression models, censoring women treated for cervical neoplasia, crack/cocaine use within the last six months was associated with prevalent detection of oncogenic HPV DNA (odds ratio [OR] = 1.30 (1.09–1.55)), and with oncogenic HPV-positive squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) (OR = 1.70 (1.27–2.27)), following adjustment for age, race, HIV-serostatus, and CD4+ T-cell count, the number of sexual partners in the past six months, and smoking. In multivariate Cox models crack/cocaine use was also associated with a trend that approached significance in regard to incident detection of oncogenic HPV-positive SIL (HR = 1.51, 95% CI 0.99–2.30), and while the rate of oncogenic HPV clearance was not related to cocaine use, the clearance of any SIL was significantly lower in those with versus those without recent crack/cocaine use (HR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.34–0.97).Conclusions. Cocaine use is associated with an increased risk of detection of both prevalent and incident oncogenic HPV infection, as well as an increased risk of HPV-positive SIL over time.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and theraphy of urinary infections. What should always remember (clinical lecture). Part 1

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Vladimir V Borisov
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Urinary Infections ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Clinical Lecture

The clinical lecture is devoted to the systematization of the knowledge of a wide range of physicians and urologists about the importance of the problem of uncomplicated urinary tract infections, their prevalence in our country and the world, the causes and frequency of occurrence in children and adults, diagnostic features based on clinical manifestations of the disease, laboratory data taking into account the formation of biofilms, the presence of sexually transmitted diseases. A special place is given to the problem of recurrences of cystitis due to the anatomical features of the female urethra, the need and the possibilities for their correction. An important place in the lecture is devoted to the role of general practitioners, district therapists, nephrologists, urologists, gynecologists in outpatient examination and treatment of these patients. (For citation: Borisov VV. Diagnosis and theraphy of urinary infections. What should always remember (clinical lecture). Part 1. Urologicheskie vedomosti. 2017;7(3):52-59. doi: 10.17816/uroved7352-59).

scholarly journals HPV infection and endometriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-142
Author(s):  
Geilson Gomes de Oliveira ◽  
José Eleutério ◽  
Renata Mírian Nunes Eleutério
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Unexposed Control ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Search Terms

Introduction: Recent research has focused on the role of persistent ascending bacterial infections and sexually transmitted infections (STI) as a factor associated to endometriosis. Indeed, some studies investigated the possible role of HPV in endometriosis, but this topic remains inconclusive. Objective:The present study aims to meta-analyze research that assessed the presence of HPV infection in patients with endometriosis. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, LILACS, Cochrane Library, and OpenGrey were searched until February 10th, 2020. Search terms included “endometriosis” and “HPV” without language restrictions. The combined relative risks and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated, and heterogeneity was assessed with I-square (I2 ). Results: Meta-analysis with low heterogeneity found a relative risk of twice as much in women exposed to HPV in relation to the unexposed control. Conclusion: Results indicate that HPV could be a risk factor for developing endometriosis.

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