scholarly journals Campylobacter outbreak associated with raw drinking milk, North West England, 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kenyon ◽  
T. Inns ◽  
H. Aird ◽  
C. Swift ◽  
J. Astbury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Warning Label ◽  
North West ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Vending Machines ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
Drinking Milk

Abstract In December 2016, Public Health England investigated an outbreak of campylobacteriosis in North West England, with 69 cases in total. Epidemiological, microbiological and environmental investigations associated the illness with the consumption of unpasteurised cows' milk from Farm X, where milk was predominantly sold from a vending machine. Campylobacter was detected in milk samples which, when sequenced, were identical in sequence type as pathogens isolated from cases (Clonal Complex ST-403, Sequence Type 7432). The farm was served with a Hygiene Emergency Prohibition Order to prevent further cases. To our knowledge, this is the first outbreak of campylobacter associated with unpasteurised milk in England since 1996. Our findings highlighted several important lessons, including that the current testing regime in England for unpasteurised milk is not fit for purpose and that the required warning label should include additional wording, underscoring the risk to vulnerable groups. There has been a substantial increase in both the volume of unpasteurised milk consumed in England and the use of vending machines to sell unpasteurised milk over the last 10 years, making unpasteurised milk more readily accessible to a wider population. The evidence generated from outbreaks like this is therefore critical and should be used to influence policy development.

scholarly journals Detection of colistin resistance mcr-1 gene in Salmonella enterica serovar Rissen isolated from mussels, Spain, 2012­ to 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Lozano-Leon ◽  
Carlos Garcia-Omil ◽  
Jacobo Dalama ◽  
Rafael Rodriguez-Souto ◽  
Jaime Martinez-Urtaza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Monitoring Programme ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
North West ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Nineteen Salmonella strains were isolated from 5,907 randomly selected mussel samples during a monitoring programme for the presence of Salmonella in shellfish in Galicia, north-west Spain (2012–16). Serovars, sequence type and antimicrobial resistance genes were determined through genome sequencing. Presence of the mcr-1 gene in one strain belonging to serovar Rissen and ST-469 was identified. The mcr-1 gene had not been isolated previously in environmental Salmonella isolated from mussels in Spain.

scholarly journals Clonal Complex 258, the Most Frequently Found Multilocus Sequence Type Complex in KPC-2-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated in Brazilian Hospitals

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 4563-4564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana G. Nicoletti ◽  
Lorena C. C. Fehlberg ◽  
Renata C. Picão ◽  
Antônia de O. Machado ◽  
Ana C. Gales
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Type Complex

scholarly journals Genome Sequence of a Neisseria meningitidis Capsule Null Locus Strain from the Clonal Complex of Sequence Type 198

2012 ◽  
Vol 194 (18) ◽  
pp. 5144-5145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Schork ◽  
Andreas Schlüter ◽  
Jochen Blom ◽  
Susanne Schneiker-Bekel ◽  
Alfred Pühler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Invasive Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Polysaccharide Capsules

ABSTRACTNeisseria meningitidisis a commensal and accidental pathogen exclusively of humans. Although the production of polysaccharide capsules is considered to be essential for meningococcal virulence, there have been reports of constitutively unencapsulated strains causing invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). Here we report the genome sequence of a capsule null locus (cnl) strain of sequence type 198 (ST-198), which is found in half of the reported cases of IMD caused bycnlmeningococcal strains.

scholarly journals Reply to “Clonal Complex 258, the Most Frequently Found Multilocus Sequence Type Complex in KPC-2-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated in Brazilian Hospitals”

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 4565-4565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Neves Andrade ◽  
Ana Lucia da Costa Darini ◽  
Tania Curiao ◽  
Fernando Baquero ◽  
Rafael Cantón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Type Complex

scholarly journals Epidemiological typing of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Pakistan and India

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahida Shabir ◽  
Katherine J. Hardy ◽  
Waseem S. Abbasi ◽  
Claire L. McMurray ◽  
Salman A. Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Epidemiological Typing ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Repeat Units ◽  
Modification Method ◽  
Restriction Modification ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin ◽  
Pfge Profiles

The levels of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Pakistan and India are known to be high, but few studies have described the epidemiology of the different MRSA clones present. In order to gain an understanding of the epidemiology of MRSA within this region, 60 MRSA isolates from Pakistan (49) and India (11) were genotyped. All isolates were typed using PFGE, staphylococcal interspersed repeat units (SIRUs), a restriction–modification method and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. A subset of isolates that were distinct by PFGE and SIRUs were typed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Clonal complex (CC) 8 was the dominant clonal complex (57/60) and was present in both Pakistan and India. Within CC8, there were 10 SIRU profiles and 24 PFGE profiles. Two SIRU profiles were present in isolates from both India and Pakistan, whilst seven were distinct for Pakistan and one for India. All PFGE profiles were distinct for each of the two countries. Thirty-four of the 57 isolates carried SCCmec type III/IIIa and the remainder carried type IV SCCmec. MLST analysis of 14 CC8 isolates with diverse SIRU and PFGE profiles showed that all were single-locus variants, with nine belonging to sequence type (ST) 239, three to ST8 and two to ST113. From a single hospital in Pakistan, three isolates belonged to CC30 and all were indistinguishable by PFGE and SIRUs and carried the Panton–Valentine leukocidin gene. Thus, epidemiological typing of strains from three distinct locations in India and Pakistan revealed the predominance of one clonal complex and highly related STs. The ability of SIRUs and PFGE to differentiate within ST239 demonstrates their utility in defining local epidemiology in these countries.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Study on Prevalence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Specific RNA and Anti-MERS-RBD in Camel Milk from Different Regions of Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiydh Alshehri ◽  
Mir Naiman Ali ◽  
Nabil Miled
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Drinking Milk

Abstract Background: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes viral pneumonia disease in humans. The close contact with camels and drinking milk may cause Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus transfer to humans. Methods: This study was designed to detect the existence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in camel milk samples collected from healthy animals according to local customs from 83 barns located around Saudi Arabia. Camel milk samples were examined for viral RNA by RT-qPCR, also ELISA assay was performed to detect IgG antibodies directed against MERS Receptor-Binding Protein (RBD).Results: Among 83 camel milk samples tested,the result showed that seven samples (8.4%) were positive for MERS-CoV RNA, while 40.9% of camel milk samples had antibodies directed against this virus.Conclusions: The findings indicate that some regions (East and South part) are characterized by a high incidence of viral antibodies. The South western region displayed the lowest infection rates. Camel breed Sahilia seems to be resistant to viral infection as compared to other breeds such as Hamra. This need to be more explored in order to reduce spread of infection and also to understand the underlying reasons. The presence of viral RNA in camel milk samples warrants for measures to prevent possible food-borne transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus through milk consumption.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of a Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O26:H11 Strain (Sequence Type 21) and Two Draft Genome Sequences of Listeria monocytogenes Strains (Clonal Complex 1 [CC1] and CC59) Isolated from Fresh Produce in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Fiedler ◽  
Jan Kabisch ◽  
Erik Brinks ◽  
Sabrina Sprotte ◽  
Christina Boehnlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT The complete genome sequence of a Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O26:H11 strain, MBT-5 (sequence type 21 [ST21], stx1a, stx2a, eae, ehxA), and two draft genome sequences of Listeria monocytogenes strains MBT-6 and MBT-7 belonging to the virulent sequence types 1 (ST1, clonal complex 1 [CC1]) and 59 (ST59, CC59), respectively, were determined. The strains were isolated in 2015 from ready-to-eat mixed greens in Germany.

scholarly journals SME’s disinclination towards subcontracting in the public sector markets: an attributional perspective

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Temidayo Akenroye ◽  
Jonathan D. Owens ◽  
Adekunle Sabitu Oyegoke ◽  
Jamal Elbaz ◽  
H.M. Belal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Attribution Theory ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Government Procurement ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
North West ◽  
The Public

Purpose This study aims to examine the causes of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) disinclination towards subcontracting in public sector markets. Previous studies have revealed that UK SMEs are reluctant to do business with the public sector through the subcontracting route, but the reasons for this lack of enthusiasm have not been widely researched. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on semi-structured interviews with SMEs competing for public contracts in North West England, a qualitative study was performed, from which several themes emerged. Findings The findings were synthesised into a framework underpinned by attribution theory, to portray situationally and dispositionally caused factors that were used to interpret SMEs’ behaviour. Social implications The findings can guide policy development and government interventions in developed and developing countries, aimed at using public procurement as a policy tool to develop the small business sector. Originality/value This paper contributes in a unique way to an emerging discourse on how subcontracting can facilitate the access of SMEs to government procurement spending. It adds to knowledge regarding the explanatory power of attribution theory – from its base in social psychology.

scholarly journals CA-MRSA: emerging remotely

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Steven YC Tong ◽  
Philip M Giffard ◽  
Deborah C Holt
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Economic Disadvantage ◽  
Supportive Evidence

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) was first described in remote Indigenous populations in Australia over 20 years ago. The burden of staphylococcal disease, including S. aureus bacteraemia, disproportionately affects Indigenous populations and is likely related to socio-economic disadvantage. Factors such as domestic crowding, poor hygiene and high rates of scabies, skin sores and antibiotic use contribute to the transmission and emergence of CA-MRSA. Studies focusing on two clones, sequence type (ST) 93 and clonal complex (CC) 75, provide supportive evidence for the emergence of methicillin-resistance in Indigenous communities.

Evaluation of policy measures to promote a healthy diet and physical activity: The PEN Project

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
W Ahrens
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Policy Impact ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Research Designs

Abstract Issue There is a knowledge gap regarding the effectiveness of policies to change the upstream drivers of health-related behaviours like physical activity (PA) and food choice in a favourable direction. Description of the problem No systematic evaluation of policy interventions across Europe is currently being conducted, thus little information on the merit or utility of policy interventions is available and no guidance on how to address this gap exists. Expected Results PEN will provide tools to evaluate and benchmark policies addressing PA, unhealthy diets and sedentary behaviour (SB) while accounting for existing health inequalities. From February 2019 to January 2022, a multi-disciplinary research network from Europe and New Zealand will interact with policy makers and experts in policy development, implementation and evaluation to (1) assess public policies with potential influence on food and PA environments, (2) foster a harmonised pan-European surveillance system, (3) model the population level impact of policies, (4) evaluate facilitators and barriers of policy implementation processes, (5) give recommendations for an equity and diversity perspective in these policies. It will refine appropriate research designs and methods for the quantification of policy impact. Lessons PEN has adopted the INFORMAS approach to monitor, benchmark and support public and private sector actions in selected European countries to increase healthy food environments and reduce obesity and NCDs and their related inequalities. PEN has expanded this approach to develop a PA policy environment index. It has advanced the roadmap for a harmonized European surveillance system and derived a set of indicators for dietary, physical activity and sedentary behaviours including their upstream drivers. Key messages PEN strives to achieve implementation of evidence-based policies in different cultural or socio-economic settings with focus on vulnerable groups. PEN will give recommendations on how research designs and methods for the quantification of policy impact can be improved.

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