scholarly journals Impact of Inoculant Sources on Feed in Vitro Fermentability and Digestibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
A K Agustina A K Agustina ◽  
D Evvyernie ◽  
Rika Zahera ◽  
I G Permana ◽  
Toto Toharmat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Block Design ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The aim of this research is to compare alternative inoculant source for in vitro rumen fermentation. In the first experiment, inoculant from fistulated cattle kept in LIPI and IPB (Fis1 and Fis2) and inoculant from Bogor municipality abattoir and IPB abattoir (Abo1 and Abo2) were tested for their pH, total bacterial count, and protozoal number using a complete block design with four replications. In the second experiment, the effect of the inoculant sources was tested on cornmeal (F1), soybean oil meal (F2), Napier grass (F3), and dairy cattle complete ration (F4) fermentability and digestibility including pH, VFA, NH3, IVDMD and IVOMD parameters. The results showed an unsignificant different protozoal number among inoculant sources. The pH of Fis2 rumen liquor was significantly lower (p<0.05) than others. The bacterial population was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Fis2 and Abo2 than Abo1, and Fis1. The inoculant pH after feed fermentability was not influenced by feed type but inoculant source with Fis1 was significantly higher (p<0.05) than Fis2, Abo2, and Abo1. The ammonia, VFA concentration, IVDMD, and IVOMD were influenced by interaction between inoculant sources and feed types. Although inoculant from cattle close to the laboratory (Fis2 and Abo2) were better in term of higher bacterial population, higher fermentability and digestibility for most type of feeds but other sources can be used in vitro study without differences in average fermentability and digestibility results. Key words:        abattoir, fermentability, fistula, inoculant, in vitro

scholarly journals PSI-1 Effects of source and level of inclusion of engineered biocarbon in a total mixed beef cattle diet on in vitro methane emissions and fermentation parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 290-291
Author(s):  
Paul Tamayao ◽  
Kim Ominski ◽  
Gabriel Ribeiro ◽  
Emma McGeough
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Block Design ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Barley Silage

Abstract This in vitro study evaluated seven different engineered biocarbon products supplied at three levels (0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 mg/ml inoculum) to determine their effects on total gas, methane production, and fermentation parameters when added to a barley silage-based diet. The biocarbon sources were derived from either coconut (CP001 and CP014) or pine (CP002, CP015, CP016, CP023, CP024) and differed in their physical properties and chemical composition. The coconut biocarbon sources were lower in pore space, particle size distribution and surface area but higher in bulk density than the pine products. The control consisted of only the barley-silage diet. The in vitro batch culture jars were incubated for 24 h at 39°C at the above inclusion levels in 0.5 g of diet. Gas samples were collected at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 h and DM disappearance, pH, VFA and ammonia concentrations post incubation were measured. Data were analysed using the PROC MIXED in SAS as a randomized complete block design with treatment and rate as fixed effects and run and replicate as random effects. Total gas production was not affected by source of biocarbon (P = 0.85) and inclusion rate (P = 0.91). Cumulative methane (ml/g DM) had no response to biocarbon addition (P = 0.40) at any inclusion level (P = 0.48). Additionally, concentration of total VFA was not affected by treatment (P = 0.31) or inclusion rates (P = 0.25). NH3-N concentrations responded quadratically (P &lt; 0.001) to all types of biocarbon. Higher inclusion rates of biocarbon linearly (P &lt; 0.002) decreased feed digestibility, particularly the coconut-based biocarbon sources CP001 and CP014. In conclusion, supplementation of biocarbon to a TMR diet did not reduce methane emissions, but at higher levels of inclusion diet digestibility was negatively affected.

Seasonal variations in heterotrophic bacterial populations in waters off Sydney

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
AD Brown
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Seawater Samples

Viable counts were made of heterotrophic bacteria in seawater samples taken from 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 m at one station off Sydney over a period of 2 years. Populations, which fell largely within the range of 10-1000/ml, tended to be higher in spring and early summer than at other times. Some evidence was obtained of a negative correlation between bacterial population and chlorinity. There was no evidence of a correlation between bacterial populations and several other variables which were examined. A (presumed) species of Chromobacterium occurred intermittently at the lower depths with some suggestion of a correlation with season and total bacterial count.

scholarly journals ​Health-promoting Effects of Developed Probiotic Orange Beverage: An in vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deeptimayee Mahapatra ◽  
Mamoni Das
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Probiotic Food ◽  
Citrus Reticulate ◽  
Standard Limit

Background: Probiotic food has evolved as the new trend among the health fanatics because of their proven benefits in preventing many diseases. With change in time the way of consuming probiotics has also changed. Unlike past dairy is not the only option for commercial probiotic production, recently fruit juices have become the popular choice for it. So the current study aimed to assess the feasibility of orange juice (Citrus reticulate) as a potential probiotic carrier for the production of probiotic orange juice with lactic acid bacteria. Methods: Three test samples (TS) were developed with different combination of lactic acid probiotic bacteria viz. test sample 1 (TS1) (L. bulgaricus and L. casei), TS2 (L. bulgaricus, L. casei and L. gasseri) and TS3 (L. bulgaricus, L. casei, L. gasseri and L. fermentum). The orange juice was pasteurized for 2 min at 90°C and was inoculated at a rate of 10% inoculum. All the test samples were fermented for 4 hrs at 37°C and the physicochemical and nutritional characteristics were evaluated along with their in vitro hypocholesterolemic and in vitro hypoglycemic efficacies. Result: The probiotic orange test samples did not show inferior properties than the control in terms of physicochemical and nutritional properties. The bacterial count was decreased with time but remained above standard limit (107cfu/100ml) until 28th day of refrigerated storage. All the test samples showed promising antioxidant activity, in vitro hypocholesterolemic activity and in vitro hypoglycemic activities. Hence orange juice could be used as a suitable probiotic carrier for production of novel probiotic beverages.

scholarly journals Effects of biochar on legume-Rhizobium symbiosis in soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 945-952
Author(s):  
Tazeen Fatima Khan ◽  
Md Didar-Ur-Alam
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Leguminous Plant ◽  
Tannery Waste ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

An in vitro study was conducted to observe the effects of tannery waste and biochar on soil bacterial population particularly legume-Rhizobium symbiosis. The study comprised a total of seven different treatments including a control. Count of total bacteria and Rhizobium was observed on initial materials and on all treated soils. A leguminous plant, cowpea, was used to study the effects on nitrogen fixation which could be further linked to legume-Rhizobium symbiosis. Bacterial population was higher in tannery waste treated soils than the corresponding biochar treated ones. It was found that waste treated soils had higher Rhizobium count than the biochar treated ones. Nitrogen fixation was found to be higher in tannery waste than biochar treatments. Although there appeared to be no adverse impact on legume-Rhizobium symbiosis, growth of bacteria particularly Rhizobium was inhibited indicating that microbial functioning of the soil might be affected and thereby likely to jeopardize agricultural production and food security.

scholarly journals The potential of tropical grass as a feed in ruminant by using an in vitro gas production

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 06005
Author(s):  
Nevyani Asikin ◽  
Anuraga Jayanegara ◽  
Muhamad Ridla ◽  
Anjas Asmara Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Block Design ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tropical Grass

Pennisetum purpoides is one of the most widely cultivated tropical forages and it is often used as animal feed in Indonesia. However, grass feeding could not fulfill the need of nutrients if served as single feed because it contained of high crude fiber and low protein. In terms of nutritional adequacy, animal feed should contain complete nutritional value in order to achieve an optimum productivity. This experiment aimed to elucidate the potential of tropical grass as a feed in ruminant by using an in vitro gas production technicque. The grasses were determined for proximate analysis, Van Soest fiber fractions (neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin), and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. This study was conducted from January until April 2018 at Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. This study used a randomized block design with 3 replications. There were three treatments tested in this study, i.e. (1) Pennisetum purpoides (T1), (2) Setaria splendida (T2), (3) Setaria anceps (T3). Parameters measured in the in vitro study is total gas production. Data were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan test if there was a significant difference among treatments. The data showed that gas production is not significantly different (P>0,05).

scholarly journals Enhance in-vitro rumen fermentation of Panicum maximum with biological supplements

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Sumudu Chathurika ◽  
Sathya Sujani ◽  
Ariyathilaka Manawadu ◽  
Thakshala Seresinhe
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Tridax Procumbens ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

<p class="abstrak2">Recently the utilization of biological feed additives over chemical feed additives in animal feeds have increased. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing wild guinea grass (panicum maximum) with two plant species, artocarpus heterophyllus (jack leaves; ah) and tridax procumbens (Tp) containing plant secondary metabolites tannin and saponin, respectively and the enzyme product dyadic cellulase (Ce) and yeast (Ye). For each suplement two levels of treatments were tested. In plant-based suplements 20 (Aht1, Tpt1) and 30% (Aht2 and Tpt2) substituted the base substrate. The enzyme was applied as 10 µl (Cet1) and 20 µl (Cet2) and yeast as 4 mg (Yet1) and 6 mg (Yet2). the experimental design was a randomized complete block design (rcbd) and the period of in vitro rumen fermentation incubation was 72 hrs. All treatments significantly (P &lt; 0.05) enhanced the in vitro gas production (Ivgp) compared with the control. Treatments of ah and ce significantly (P &lt; 0.05) improved the in vitro rumen dry matter degradability (ivrdmd). All treatments significantly (P&lt;0.05) suppressed the ruminal protozoa population as compared to the control. Ammonia nitrogen (Nh3-N) production was not significantly (P&gt;0.05) influenced with supplements. in conclusion, treatments enhanced the rumen fermentation in means of enhanced ivgp, ivrdmd and reduced protozoa numbers.</p>

scholarly journals Inoculation of mother’s own milk could personalize pasteurized donor human milk used for feeding preterm infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mallardi ◽  
C. Tabasso ◽  
P. Piemontese ◽  
S. Morandi ◽  
T. Silvetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Donor Human Milk ◽  
Mother’S Own Milk

Abstract Background Human milk is a vehicle for bioactive compounds and beneficial bacteria which promote the establishment of a healthy gut microbiome of newborns, especially of preterm infants. Pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM) is the second-best option when preterm mother’s own milk is unavailable. Since pasteurization affect the microbiological quality of donor milk, PDHM was inoculated with different preterm milk samples and then incubated, in order to evaluate the effect in terms of bacterial growth, human milk microbiome and proteolytic phenomena. Methods In an in-vitro study PDHM was inoculated at 10% v/v using ten preterm milk samples. Microbiological, metataxonomic and peptidomic analyses, on preterm milk samples at the baseline (T0), on PDHM and on inoculated milk (IM) samples at T0, after 2 h (T1) and 4 h (T2) of incubation at 37 °C, were conducted. Results IM samples at T2 showed a Total Bacterial Count not significantly different (p > 0.01) compared to preterm milk samples. At T2 lactic acid bacteria level was restored in all IM. After inoculation, metataxonomic analysis in IM samples showed that Proteobacteria remained the predominant phylum while Firmicutes moved from 3% at T1 to 9.4% at T2. Peptidomic profile of IM resembled that of PDHM, incubated for the same time, in terms of number and type of peptides. Conclusion The study demonstrated that inoculation of PDHM with mother’s own milk could restore bacterial growth and personalize human milk microbiome in PDHM. This effect could be beneficial because of the presence of maternal probiotic bacteria which make PDHM more similar to mother’s own milk.

Effect of a Yeast Based Feed Additive (ADDONTM - Rumen Support) to Counteract Heat Stress Related Productivity Loss in Dairy Cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Valli ◽  
P. Anuradha
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Peak Summer

Background: Feed additives are being used to counteract production losses in lactating cattle arising due to heat stress. In this context a study was conducted to study the impact of supplementing ADDONTM - Rumen support on in vitro rumen fermentation, production and health of lactating cattle during summer. Methods: To a total mixed ration (TMR), ADDONTM Rumen support was supplemented at three levels viz., No ADDONTM -RS, ADDONTM -RS at 0.07g/100g TMR and ADDONTM -RS at 0.15 g/100g TMR and subjected to in vitro rumen fermentation studies using the Rumen Simulation Technique. Eighteen lactating dairy cattle at early lactation, were randomly divided into three treatment groups: T1 - No ADDONTM -RS, T2 - ADDONTM -RS at 7 g/animal/day and T3 - ADDONTM -RS at 15 g/animal/day and their body condition score, body weight, milk yield, fat and SNF content were studied during peak summer. Conclusion: Supplementation of ADDONTM -RS @ 0.15g/100g of TMR helped in regulating in vitro ruminal pH, significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced total gas and carbon dioxide production at 12 hours of incubation and methane production at 12 and 36 hours of incubation. ADDONTM -RS supplementation at both levels (0.07g/100g TMR and 0.15g/100g TMR) resulted in significant (p less than 0.05) increase in in vitro microbial biomass production at 12 hours of incubation. In spite of peak summer, ADDONTM -RS supplementation in lactating dairy cattle prevented changes in body condition score, weight loss and resulted in significantly (p less than 0.05) higher milk yield without compromising on milk fat and SNF content and decreased somatic cell count in milk and improved manure quality. 

scholarly journals Effect of napier grass supplemented with Gliricidia sepium, Sapindus rarak or Hibiscus rosa-sinensis on in vitro rumen fermentation profiles and methanogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
P. Yuliana ◽  
E. B. Laconi ◽  
A. Jayanegara ◽  
S. S. Achmadi ◽  
A. A. Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Methanogen Population ◽  
Range Test ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

This study examined the supplementation effects of gliricidia leaves(GL, Gliricidia sepium), lerak fruit(LF, Sapindus rarak), or hibiscusleaves(HL, Hibiscusrosa-sinensis) on in vitro rumen fermentation and methanogenesis and made a comparisonwith the Napier grass (NG, Pennisetum purpureum) grass. In vitro rumen fermentation was designed according to a randomized complete block design with four replications and seven treatments: NG, GL, LF, HL, NG 70% + GL 30%, NG 70% + LF 30%and NG 70% + HL 30%. The generated data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Duncan’s multiple range test and compared among treatment means.Addition of a plant containing saponin such as LF or HL to NG did not alter gas production after 24 and 48 h of incubation period in comparison to NG alone.The HLalone or blended with NGproduced the highest IVOMDduring the fermentation processas compared to other treatments (P<0.05). Adding LF supplement either singly or in combination significantly (P<0.05) reduced methane production in terms of %TVFA as compared to NG. Supplementation of LF plants has shifted VFA proportion towards more propionate and less acetate. The microbial population of LF, whether single or in combination had a tendency to reduce the rumen protozoa population but had no effect on methanogen population. It can be concluded that utilization of saponin-rich materials is particularly beneficial for reducing ruminal methane emission.

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