Assessing internalized beliefs: Development of the Pathogenic Belief Scale

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Katie Aafjes-van Doorn ◽  
James McCollum ◽  
George Silberschatz ◽  
John Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Interpersonal Guilt ◽  
Heterogeneous Samples ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
Belief Scale

Abstract The way that people internalize adverse experiences plays an important role in the development of psychopathology. The Pathogenic Belief Scale (PBS) is intended to operationalize a transtheoretical understanding of repetitive patterns of emotion-laden beliefs that develop in childhood and continue to influence people's current experience. Using a cross-sectional survey design, we recruited a large heterogeneous sample of 246 clinic outpatients and 732 adults in the community. Besides the PBS, measures of adverse parenting experiences and common psychopathology were administered. An exploratory factor analysis of the total sample of 978 participants was conducted followed by a convergent validity analysis for the 246 clinic outpatients. The three-factor solution included “cannot rely on others,” “undeserving,” and “interpersonal guilt,” and it showed good psychometric properties, including convergent validity with the measures of adverse parenting experiences and psychopathology. The 34-item PBS offers a promising self-report measure that could help delineate and understand the pathogenic beliefs that heterogeneous samples of patients may hold. Pathogenic beliefs may be relevant to the psychotherapy process, regardless of model or theoretical context.

scholarly journals Willingness to Take the COVID-19 Vaccine as Reported Nine Months after the Pandemic Outbreak: A Cross-National Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Daicia Price ◽  
Tore Bonsaksen ◽  
Mary Ruffolo ◽  
Janni Leung ◽  
Hilde Thygesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
College Education ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
National Study ◽  
Next Of Kin ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
Cross National

Although vaccination has been identified as an effective measure of reducing the spread of COVID-19, hesitancy to obtain a vaccine for COVID-19 has been shared. The aim of this cross-national study was to examine (i) the willingness in the general population to take the COVID-19 vaccine nine months after the pandemic outbreak and (ii) the willingness to take the vaccine in relation to sociodemographic variables, whether one has experienced COVID-19 infection, concerns about health and family, and trust in the authorities’ information about the pandemic. A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data online in Norway, the UK, the USA, and Australia. Chi-Square tests or Fisher’s Exact test were used to analyze the data. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess direct associations between the independent variables and the outcome. Within the total sample (n = 3474), living in a city, having a college education, being concerned about your own health and the health of next of kin, and trusting information provided by authorities increased the likelihood of reporting willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine. Across all countries, participants who reported trust in the authorities' information about COVID-19 demonstrated a significantly higher plausibility of taking the COVID-19 vaccine.

scholarly journals Information on Domestic staff utilisation and household crimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Frank M. Attah ◽  
A. M. Ogaboh Agba ◽  
Azu A. Ibiam ◽  
Phyllis K. Kaburise ◽  
Collins Kulo
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Opportunity Theory ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Structural Functionalism Theory

Hiring of domestic staff and its effect on households’ crime has been an issues of great concern in Nigeria. This study is sets to investigate the correlates between domestic staff utilisation and crimes such as kidnapping, stealing and rape. Blocked opportunity theory and structural functionalism theory were adopted. Cross-sectional survey design was used while data was generated view questionnaire. A total sample of 330 respondents were selected from households in Southern Senatorial District of Cross River State, Nigeria. Information retrieved were coded and subjected to statistical analysis. Outcome revealed a significant relationship between the hiring of domestic staff and household crimes (such as kidnapping, stealing and rape). It was recommended among others that house helps should be passably screened through proper employment procedures before they are employed as domestic staff.

scholarly journals Psychological empowerment of employees in selected organisations in South Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Stander ◽  
Sebastiaan Rothmann
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Psychological Empowerment ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Replication Sample ◽  
Construct Equivalence

The objective of this study was to assess the construct validity and internal consistency of the Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire (PEQ) for employees in selected organisations in South Africa. A cross-sectional survey design with a convenient sample (N = 1405) was used. The PEQ was administered. Structural equation modelling conf rmed a four-factor model for the PEQ, consisting of competence, meaning, impact and self-determination. A cross-validation study conf rmed the construct equivalence of the four-factor model for a study sample (n = 679) as well as a replication sample (n = 726) that was randomly selected for the total sample. The subscales showed acceptable internal consistencies.

scholarly journals Continuing professional development: Awareness, attitude, facilitators, and barriers among nurses in the Philippines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Anne Faye Sobrepeña Palma ◽  
Ryan Michael Flores Oducado ◽  
Bonna Sobrepeña Palma
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Continuing Professional Development ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Facilitators And Barriers ◽  
Self Report Data

Background & Aim: Mandatory Continuing Professional Development (CPD) remains to be an issue among nurses. The relatively new implementation of the CPD Act in the Philippines has led to varying perceptions and oppositions that warrant exploration. This study aimed to determine the awareness, attitude, facilitators, and barriers to CPD among hospital nurses in the Philippines. Methods & Materials: This study employed a descriptive, cross-sectional survey design with 237 randomly selected nurses in tertiary hospitals in Iloilo City, Philippines. Self-administered instruments were used to gather self-report data. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ttest, ANOVA, and Pearson’s r. Results: Results indicated that nurses were moderately aware of the CPD law (M=2.31; SD=.31), were positive about the importance of CPD (M=3.91; SD=.72) but were ambivalent toward CPD implementation (M=5.98; SD=2.01). Attitude toward CPD importance significantly differed (p=.000) across age group. Awareness of CPD law (p=.000) and attitude toward the importance of CPD (p=.000) were significantly related to their attitude toward the implementation of CPD. Awareness that CPD is a requirement for license renewal (90.7%), knowledge that it can help improve skills at work (78.9%), and sponsorship from the organization (62%) were considered the major facilitators while cost (98.75%), not available to all staff (61.6%), and time-related factors (60.3%) were the major barriers to CPD participation. Conclusion: Along with current efforts to strengthen CPD in the country, it is hoped that identification of knowledge gaps and addressing the barriers may lead to better understanding, acceptance, and participation of nurses to mandatory CPD.

scholarly journals Challenges Associated with the Implementation of Knowledge Management in Nigerian Tertiary Institutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Ruby N. Ike ◽  
Emmanuel K. Agbaeze ◽  
Ben E. Udoh ◽  
Bamidele S. Adeleke
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Staff Retention ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tertiary Institutions

This study examined the challenges associated with knowledge management implementation and academic staff retention in selected tertiary institutions in South East, Nigeria. The research design adopted was a cross-sectional survey design. The main instrument used for data collection was questionnaire. The population consisted of 7,423 academic staff of the 10 randomly selected institutions in the South East Nigeria. A total sample size of 555 was drawn from the population. The instrument was checked for reliability using Cronbach method and the reliability co-efficient result of 0.915 showed that the instrument had high degree of item reliability. The hypothesis formulated was tested using Friedman chi-square statistics. The findings indicate that there is positive significant challenge in knowledge management implementation and academic staff retention in selected tertiary institution. The study concluded that lack of Knowledge Management implementation has posed a great challenge in academic staff retention in tertiary institutions. It was advised that tertiary institutions in Nigeria should adequately manage the process of knowledge acquisition, sharing and development so as to enjoy a Stella performance

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ATTITUDES OF SCIENCE AND NON-SCIENCE STUDENTS TOWARDS STATISTICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 378-383
Author(s):  
Sunday G. Adeniyi ◽  
◽  
Musa Yusuf ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Attitude Change ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Students Attitudes

The current study was conducted to determine whether there would be a difference between science and non-science students attitudes towards statistics. Two hundred and eight undergraduates were pooled from three public tertiary institutions in the Kogi State of Nigeria as the study participants. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted. The participants completed a self-report measure of Survey of Attitude toward Statistics (SATS-36), originally developed by Schau (2003). An independent t-test performed on the data established a statistically significant difference in the attitudes of the science and non-science students towards statistics at MD = 0.77 (95% CI, 0.57 to 0.77), t (206) = 12.747, p = .001. It was concluded that there is variation between the attitude of science students and non-science students towards the teaching and learning of statistics. The study recommends that robust attitude change strategies be adopted to reshape the attitudes of the non-science students towards statistics.

scholarly journals PARENTAL ATTITUDE AS A PREDICTOR OF STUDENTS MOTIVATION AND INTEREST IN LEARNING FRENCH LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1055-1059
Author(s):  
Helen Nneka Onoja ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Self Report ◽  
French Language ◽  
Parental Attitude ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

The increase in economic globalization has created the need for the promotion of foreign languages in Nigeria. As an official second language in Nigeria, the French language has not received the desired attention in the countrys educational system as most students show less motivation and interest in learning the French language. Perhaps, insinuations suggest a widespread negative attitude towards the teaching and learning of the French language in the school system. Thus, the primary objective of the present study was to explore parental attitudes as a factor that could predict the variation in students motivation and interest in learning the French language. The studys participants included adults identified as parents, and they were randomly pooled from different locations in Kogi State, Nigeria. They completed a self-report measure to ascertain their overall attitude towards the French language. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, and the simple regression analysis revealed that parental attitude significantly predicted students motivation and interest in learning French. The study concluded that parents attitude is an essential determinant of students motivation and interest in learning the French language.

scholarly journals Sexual Orientation Self-Concept Ambiguity: Scale Adaptation and Validation

Assessment ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 632-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia E. Talley ◽  
Jordan E. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sexual Identity ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Identity Status ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional

The current article describes the adaptation of a measure of sexual orientation self-concept ambiguity (SSA) from an existing measure of general self-concept clarity. Latent “trait” scores of SSA reflect the extent to which a person’s beliefs about their own sexual orientation are perceived as inconsistent, unreliable, or incongruent. Sexual minority and heterosexual women ( n = 348), ages 18 to 30, completed a cross-sectional survey. Categorical confirmatory factor analysis guided the selection of items to form a 10-item, self-report measure of SSA. In the current report, we also examine (a) reliability of the 10-item scale score, (b) measurement invariance based on respondents’ sexual identity status and age group, and (c) correlations with preexisting surveys that purport to measure similar constructs and theoretical correlates. Evidence for internal reliability, measurement invariance (based on respondent sex), and convergent validity was also investigated in an independent, validation sample. The lowest SSA scores were reported by women who self-ascribed an exclusively heterosexual or exclusively lesbian/gay sexual identity, whereas those who reported a bisexual, mostly lesbian/gay, or mostly heterosexual identity, reported relatively higher SSA scores.

scholarly journals HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIOR AS A PREDICTOR OF ADOLESCENTS SECURITY CONSCIOUSNESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1017-1021
Author(s):  
Benjamin Ojotu ◽  
◽  
Thomas Adubika ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Seeking Behavior ◽  
Simple Regression Model ◽  
Seeking Behavior

Nigeria is witnessing a disturbing rise of violence occasioned by religious, political, economic, cultural, and social motives. The incidence of violent crimes has created an unimaginable insecurity situation in the country, and the trend is increasing daily. Violent insecurity ranges from kidnapping, rape, armed robbery, terrorism, banditry, and assassinations. Meanwhile, the citizens, especially the younger ones, are caught in the center of these violent situations as they are either used to commit crimes or fall victims of violent crimes. Thus, the primary purpose of this study was to examine health-seeking behavior as a factor that could predict security consciousness among adolescents. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design. Two hundred samples randomly pooled from public tertiary institutions in Kogi State, Nigeria, participated in the study. The participants completed self-report measures of security consciousness questionnaire and health-seeking behavior scale. A simple regression model established a statistically significant association between HSB and security consciousness among adolescents. The study concludes that health-seeking behavior is an essential determinant of security consciousness. The practical implication of the study is discussed.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Perception and Exposure Risk to Passive Smoking Among In-School Adolescents in Ibadan Southeast Local Government Area Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-73
Author(s):  
Adediji F.D. ◽  
Adelere E.A. ◽  
Dangana J.
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Exposure Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Correlation Analyses

Passive smoke contains more than 7,000 chemicals, including hundreds that are toxic and about 70 that can cause cancer. This is because the smoke that burns off the end of a cigar or cigarette contains more harmful substances (tar, carbon monoxide, nicotine, among others) than the smoke inhaled by the smoker. The study investigated the determinants knowledge, perception and exposure risk to passive smoking among in-school Adolescents in Ibadan Southeast Local Government Area, Nigeria. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design. Multi stage sampling techniques were used to select four hundred and ten participants (414) among in-school Adolescents in Ibadan Southeast Local Government Area, Nigeria. The instrument was a self-report questionnaire to collect data in the study and was subjected to validation. Obtained data was analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency and percentages. Also, correlation analyses were used to test the hypothesis at 95% confidence level (α=0.05). Three research questions and two research hypotheses were tested in the study. The results showed that the mean age was 17.05±1.39 years. The result revealed that the majority of the participants 337(82.2%) had poor knowledge about passive smoking, while 73(17.8%) of the respondents had good knowledge about passive smoking. Also, the result revealed that the majority of the participants 165(40.2%) reported low exposure risk of passive smoking. Correlation analyses show that there is a significant relationship between adolescents’ knowledge and exposure risk to passive smoking among in-school adolescents in Ibadan southeast local government area (r=0.22; p=0.000). There is also a significant relationship between perception and exposure risk to passive smoking among in-school adolescents in Ibadan south east local government area (r=0.13; p=0.009). The study therefore concluded and recommended that training programmers’ should be provided to increase the adolescents’ awareness, change their perceptions, increase their ability to protect themselves and help to have a smoke-free environment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document