Predicting the impact of increasing temperatures on seed germination among populations of Western Australian Banksia (Proteaceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Cochrane ◽  
Gemma L. Hoyle ◽  
Colin J. Yates ◽  
Jeff Wood ◽  
Adrienne B. Nicotra
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Consistent Manner ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Germination Niche

AbstractTemperature is a significant factor influencing seed germination and for many species temperature-mediated germination cues are vital for plant persistence. Rising temperatures forecast as a result of anthropogenic climate change may have a substantial influence on the population and range dynamics of plant species. Here, we report on the thermal constraints on seed germination in natural populations of four congeneric Banksia species collected from a longitudinal climate gradient in Western Australia. We investigated whether germination niche: (1) varied between species; (2) varied among populations of each species; and (3) varied in a consistent manner reflecting the climatic gradients of seed origin. We hypothesized that species would differ and that populations from warmer sites would have a broader temperature window for germination than populations from cooler sites. Species differed in the breadth of their germination niche, but temperatures that stimulated the most rapid and complete germination were similar across all species. A sharp reduction in germination percentage occurred above the optimum temperature, which coincided with significant delays in germination relative to the optimum. The temperatures causing these declines varied among populations. Across the species, there was a significant correlation between optimum germination temperature and mean annual temperature at seed source; however, there was no relationship at the population level for individual species. These data provide insight into the vulnerability of Banksia species to climate change, with those populations that require lower temperatures for germination, or have narrower optimal ranges for germination, likely to be most vulnerable to a warming climate.

Vulnerability of megapodes (Megapodiidae, Aves) to climate change and related threats

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL M. RADLEY ◽  
ROBERT A. DAVIS ◽  
RENÉ W.R.J. DEKKER ◽  
SHAUN W. MOLLOY ◽  
DAVID BLAKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Microbial Decomposition ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitat

SUMMARYAspects of species life histories may increase their susceptibility to climate change. Owing to their exclusive reliance on environmental sources of heat for incubation, megapodes may be especially vulnerable. We employed a trait-based vulnerability assessment to weigh their exposure to projected climate variables of increasing temperatures, fluctuating rainfall and sea level rise and their biological sensitivity and capacity to adapt. While all 21 species were predicted to experience at least a 2 °C increase in mean annual temperature, 12 to experience a moderate or greater fluctuation in rainfall and 16 to experience rising seas, the most vulnerable megapodes are intrinsically rare and range restricted. Species that employ microbial decomposition for incubation may have an adaptive advantage over those that do not and may be more resilient to climate change. The moderate microclimate necessary for mound incubation, however, may in some areas be threatened by anthropogenic habitat loss exacerbated by warmer and seasonally drier conditions. As with many avian species, little is known about the capacity of megapodes to adapt to a changing climate. We therefore recommend that future research efforts investigate megapode fecundity, gene flow and genetic connectivity at the population level to better determine their adaptive capacity.

scholarly journals Impact of seed size on seeds viability, vigor and storability of Hordeum vulgare (L.)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Massimi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
The Impact

Seed size may influence seed germination, and seedling vigor. Few investigations are available about the effect of seed size on barley seedling vigor in Jordan. The present study was designed to investigate the impact of seed size on germination percentage, seedling dry weight, seedling vigor index, and germination percentage after accelerated aging in barley. Three seed sizes i.e. large, medium, and small (having diameter of > 2.75 millimeter, 2.5 - 2.75 millimeter, and less than 2.5 millimeter, respectively) were tested in the experiment. Seed quality for different seed size categories was evaluated in the laboratory by measuring seed germination, germination after accelerated aging, as well seedling dry weight and vigor index. Results showed significant differences for large seeds in germination percentages, seedling dry weight and vigor index. It may be concluded that large seed size of barley showed best quality.

scholarly journals Climate Change and Agriculture in India: Studying Long-Term Patterns in Temperature, Rainfall, and Agricultural Output

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
K.V. Bhanumurthy ◽  
Lalit Kumar ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Monsoon Rainfall ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Agricultural Output ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Trend Pattern ◽  
Annual Minimum Temperature ◽  
The Impact

This paper provides an estimate of the impact of climate change on agricultural gross domestic product in India. Climate change is now an established reality, and the unusual weather patterns being observed in various parts of the world in the last 30 years is unequivocally due to variations in temperature and rainfall. The long-term trend pattern of the temperature and rainfall in India is studied, which clearly shows a distinct rise in mean temperature and declining trend rainfall after 1980. ARIMA analysis is used to generate the predictive values for temperature and rainfall, which are then used as explanatory variables along with nonclimatic variables to estimate the impact on agricultural output using an augmented Cobb-Douglas production function. The paper clearly establishes a clear and positive correlation between climate change and loss of agricultural output. The trend pattern of long-term productivity growth factor in agriculture is also showing a declining trend, which is due to unfavorable climatic and nonclimatic factors. Climatic parameters like El Niño and sea surface temperature have emerged as key determinants of monsoon rainfall in India. The agriculture sector in India has been adversely affected by rise in mean annual minimum temperature and shown a positive correlation with the changes in monsoon rainfall and mean annual temperature.

MPACT OF ENVIRONMENT TEMPERATURE AND STRATIFICATION ON THE CITRUS AURANTIUM SEED GERMINATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Sorokopudov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Citrus Aurantium ◽  
Speed Increase ◽  
Maximum Percentage ◽  
Percentage Decrease ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
The Impact

This study is aimed at investigating the impact of the environment temperature and stratification on the Citrus aurantium seed germination. The results show that the optimum environment temperature for the seed germination is found to be 25°C with the maximum percentage of 90%. The stratification of seeds leads to the seed germination percentage decrease by 69% and germination speed increase by 7 days.

scholarly journals Impact of Future Climate and Vegetation on the Hydrology of an Arctic Headwater Basin at the Tundra–Taiga Transition

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian A. Krogh ◽  
John W. Pomeroy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Blowing Snow ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The rapidly warming Arctic is experiencing permafrost degradation and shrub expansion. Future climate projections show a clear increase in mean annual temperature and increasing precipitation in the Arctic; however, the impact of these changes on hydrological cycling in Arctic headwater basins is poorly understood. This study investigates the impact of climate change, as represented by simulations using a high-resolution atmospheric model under a pseudo-global-warming configuration, and projected changes in vegetation, using a spatially distributed and physically based Arctic hydrological model, on a small headwater basin at the tundra–taiga transition in northwestern Canada. Climate projections under the RCP8.5 emission scenario show a 6.1°C warming, a 38% increase in annual precipitation, and a 19 W m−2 increase in all-wave annual irradiance over the twenty-first century. Hydrological modeling results suggest a shift in hydrological processes with maximum peak snow accumulation increasing by 70%, snow-cover duration shortening by 26 days, active layer deepening by 0.25 m, evapotranspiration increasing by 18%, and sublimation decreasing by 9%. This results in an intensification of the hydrological regime by doubling discharge volume, a 130% increase in spring runoff, and earlier and larger peak streamflow. Most hydrological changes were found to be driven by climate change; however, increasing vegetation cover and density reduced blowing snow redistribution and sublimation, and increased evaporation from intercepted rainfall. This study provides the first detailed investigation of projected changes in climate and vegetation on the hydrology of an Arctic headwater basin, and so it is expected to help inform larger-scale climate impact studies in the Arctic.

scholarly journals Assessment of Climate Change Impact on the Hydrology of the Kabul River Basin, Afghanistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Massouda Sidiqi ◽  
Sangam Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Kabul River

Climate change and variability affect the availability and management of water resources and the hydrological cycle, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This research was conducted to analyse the impact of climate change on the hydrology of the Kabul River Basin, Afghanistan by using the outputs of three General Circulation Models under two representative concentration pathway scenarios: RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. Future climate data (precipitation and temperature) obtained from the climate models were bias-corrected using the delta change approach. Maximum and minimum temperature and precipitation were predicted for the three future periods: 2020s (2010–2039), 2050s (2040–2069), and 2080s (2070–2099) against the baseline period 1961–1980. The o o o mean annual temperature in the basin is projected to increase by 1.8 C, 3.5 C, and 4.8 C in the 2020s, 2050s, and 2080s, respectively. The projected annual precipitation is expected to decline by approximately 53 to 65% for the whole river basin under both scenarios in the future period. The well-calibrated and validated Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to simulate the future streamflow in the basin. The mean annual streamflow is projected to increase by 50 to 120% in the future. This study provides valuable information for guiding future water resource management in the Kabul River Basin and other arid and semi-arid regions of Afghanistan.

scholarly journals Ion chromatographic analysis of combined industrial effluent and its impact on seed germination of leguminous seeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Nishu K. ◽  
Raj Kumar Rampal ◽  
Sajad Iqbal Khan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Germination Index ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Leguminous Plants ◽  
Industrial Estate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Leguminous Seeds

The present study has been made to assess the impact of combined industrial effluent from Industrial estate Bari Brahamana Jammu on seed germination of leguminous plants. The study revealed that values of anions fluoride, chloride, bromide, phosphate and sulphate and cations sodium, potassium and calcium o decreased with increase in dilution. In general in most of studied seeds it was observed that the values of seed germination percentage and rate of seed germination index decreased with increasing effluent concentration.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization of Dichlorofluorescein Silver Nanoparticles (DCF-SNPs) and Their Effect on Seed Germination ofVigna radiata

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bipin Deochand Lade ◽  
Arti Sanjay Shanware ◽  
Ruchika M. Barapatre
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Surface Load ◽  
Microscopy Technique ◽  
Efficient Detection ◽  
The Impact

The main objective of this study was to investigate whether dichlorofluorescein (DCF) is adequate for the formulation of stable dichlorofluorescein-induced silver nanoparticles under the boiling method to analyze their effects on the seed germination of Mung seeds (Vigna radiata). Preliminary dichlorofluoresceine nanoparticles (DCF-SNPs) synthesis evidence by noticing the solution color transformed from a light green color to a dark brown color. The 2.5 ml of dichlorofluoresceine (DCF) solution was found sufficient for the formulation of dichlorofluoresceine induced silver nanoparticles at boiling conditions. Purified dichlorofluoresceine nanoparticles (DCF-SNPs) measure an average diameter of 293 nm where the majority of nanoparticles were around 159 nm in size with the surface load of-9.35 mV zeta potential value. The impact of dichlorofluorescein silver nanoparticles (DCF-SNPs) on the germination percentage of V. radiata has shown that, the 25% concentration of DCF-SNPs is excellent for the growth of Mung seeds (V. radiata). Overall, the dichlorofluorescein silver nanoparticles may be constructive for improving the percentage of seed germination at 25% of its concentration and may also be useful for fluorescent measurement using the confocal microscopy technique. Hence, dichlorofluorescein silver nanoparticles (DCF-SNPs) are proposed as an efficient detection system for nanoparticles in agrochemicals for plants.

scholarly journals Decreases in length at maturation of Mediterranean fishes associated with higher sea temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 946-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphna Shapiro Goldberg ◽  
Itai van Rijn ◽  
Moshe Kiflawi ◽  
Jonathan Belmaker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Lifetime Reproductive Success ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Environmental Predictors ◽  
Fish Size

Abstract Fish size at maturation influences lifetime reproductive success and is an important parameter in managing stocks. Fish tend to reach maturity at a smaller size in warmer water; however, the generality of this pattern is a matter of controversy. The mechanisms by which temperature influences fish size at maturation are not well understood, particularly in natural populations, but may have broad implications if climate change continues to warm the seas. In this study, we use populations of 16 fish species across the Mediterranean Sea to evaluate the association between different temperature metrics and fish size at maturation, and to understand the variation among species. We found that both mean annual temperature and growing degree days (GDD) were the best supported environmental predictors of fish size at maturation. This suggests that the mechanisms affecting size at maturation may differ from those affecting maximum size, for which maximum temperature was the best predictor. Across species, we found that the effect of temperature is stronger for more active species, while other species-level predictors had limited influence. The correlation of fish size at maturation to specific temperature metrics should help fisheries and conservation programmes better predict the effects of climate change on fish populations.

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