Reconsidering the Crisis Agreements of the 1930s: The Defence of Democracy in a Comparative Scandinavian Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Kristina Krake
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Political Space ◽  
Political Practice ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
The Social

This article examines the Scandinavian countries’ response to extreme political movements in the interwar period. Historians have considered the crisis agreements of the 1930s as pivotal to Scandinavian resistance to fascism. The present article revises this explanation by conducting a comparative empirical study of political practice and rhetoric. The comparison makes it clear that the socio-economic measures were primarily aimed at combating the economic crisis. However, the social democratic labour parties conceptualised their social and economic policy as a defence of democracy after Hitler seized power in Germany. The findings indicate that the social democratic solution to the depression in Scandinavia left no political space for either communism or fascism.

scholarly journals Macroeconomic Uncertainty and Empirical Research Results of its Quantitative Measurement in Georgia

Ekonomika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
David Kbiladze ◽  
Shorena Metreveli ◽  
Tamar Kbiladze
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Macroeconomic Uncertainty ◽  
Definition Of

The present article describes the approaches and definition of the concept of uncertainty proposed by its authors, a quantitative evaluation of uncertainty, and materials of the empirical study used to explore the said issues on the example of macroeconomics of Georgia. We hope that the views given in the article will be useful for developing countries, particularly for the economic policy-makers in the post-communist states, as well as for the academic and scientific circles engaged in the studies of the above-listed issues.

Towards a Notion of the Ideological Unconscious: Marx, Althusser, Juan Carlos Rodríguez

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-165
Author(s):  
Malcolm K. Read
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Matrix Effect ◽  
Social Formation ◽  
Louis Althusser ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come

Abstract In the context of the recent economic crisis, scholars have once again felt compelled to revisit the work of Louis Althusser, to reconsider some of his seminal insights, if only to repeat earlier criticisms. Regretfully, however, they remain unable to come to terms with the crucial Althusserian notion of ideological unconsciousness, which they insist on viewing through the prism of the libidinal (Lacanian) unconscious. Perforce, the latter concept, and its associated categories, has then proceeded insidiously to corrode Marxism’s indigenous equivalents from within. The present article traces the history of the ideological unconscious from its beginnings in Marx, through Althusser, to its explicit reformulation, in the work of the Spaniard, Juan Carlos Rodríguez, as an ideological unconscious, understood as the matrix effect of the social formation.

The Social Democratic Party of Germany

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Marcuse
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Social Democratic Party ◽  
German Empire ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Labor Party ◽  
Political Policy ◽  
The Social

This chapter focuses on the Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands or SPD) of Germany. The report states that among the German political parties that may be revived after the destruction of the Nazi regime, the SPD is likely to play an important role. Dating from the earliest years of the German empire, the SPD has maintained a tradition as the strongest, and prior to 1917 the only, labor party in Germany. Nazi Germany has not succeeded in destroying the allegiance of much of the old social democratic membership. The chapter first provides a background on the origin, composition, and strength of the SPD before discussing its policies, including political policy, economic policy, and foreign policy. It then considers the exiled leadership of the SPD, along with developments in the party since the occupation of Germany. It also assesses the SPD's prospects in the postwar period.

On the Eve of the February 1934 Uprising of the Austrian Socialist Workers

1976 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-284
Author(s):  
Alfred D. Low
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Social Democratic Party ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Otto Bauer ◽  
Historical Importance ◽  
Member Of Parliament

The letter which follows has never before been published and was only recently located in the Amsterdam Institut fur Sozialgeschichte. It is a document of exceptional historical importance, both for its author and its addressee, and the circumstances in which it was written. The authoris Dr. Julius Deutsch, a prominent Austrian Social Democratic leader in the First Austrian Republic. Deutsch served as a member of parliament and was head of the Social Democratic paramilitary Schutzbund. He and Dr. Otto Bauer were to play key roles in the workers' uprising in Vienna and other parts of Austria in February, 1934—four months after the letter was written. The letter was addressed to the eminent Karl Kautsky, a leading Social Democratic theoretician during the interwar period, and its message casts new light on the thinking of both Deutsch and the leadership of the Austrian Social Democratic Party shortly before the fateful revolt.

scholarly journals Pozycja społeczno-zawodowa farmaceutów pracowników w Polsce (1918–1939) – teoria a praktyka

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-86
Author(s):  
Wojciech Ślusarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Education System ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Pharmaceutical Practice

Socio-professional Position of Pharmacy Employees in Poland (1918–1939) – Theory and Practice The article aims to depict the socio-professional position of pharmacy employees in the Second Polish Republic (1918–1939) and the factors which influenced their status. In the interwar period, reforms of the pharmacists’ education system were implemented, the office of the provincial pharmaceutical inspector was introduced, and bills were adopted to settle the particulars of the profession. Thus, the foundations were created to depart from the former semi-artisanal character of pharmaceutical practice towards an academic and independent profession. This had a positive impact on the social and professional position of pharmacy employees. In theory, they were equal to their employers and representatives of other liberal professions. However, the reforms had awakened their ambitions and expectations. The reality was different, especially during the great economic crisis (1929–1933/35). The salaries of professional pharmacy personnel, especially in the eastern provinces, were not high. Instead of sufficient remuneration, people were still offered – as in the 19th century – housing and board at a pharmacy. The burning problem was unemployment, and the employers did not respect the working time regulations. All this frustrated the employees. Their presumably high socio-professional status was not always reflected in real life.

scholarly journals The Use of Mass Media in the Social Welfare Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina-Maria Breaz ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Social Partner ◽  
The Social ◽  
Tv Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Short Presentation

In the present article there is a short presentation of the historical backdrop of the social partner calling globally and in our nation. Accentuation is set on network social help and the improvement of this arrangement of social assurance in the interwar period, the socialist time frame, and after the upheaval of December 1989. The phases of the improvement of the advanced education of social help with the area of Arad after the unrest are stamped. The paper presents the cause exercises completed by understudies at the UAV Arad under the direction of their educators and the media inclusion of these activities (by press and TV). Media inclusion has prompted a superior information on the calling and an expansion in the quantity of understudies who wish to take up this calling.

Red Song: Social Democratic Music and Radicalism at the End of the Weimar Republic

1995 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bodek
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Party ◽  
Social Democratic Party ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Class Membership ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Democratic Movement ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alternative Culture ◽  
Monolithic Structure

Germany's interwar Social Democratic movement was anything but the monolithic structure often presented in the literature. Indeed, the standard teleology—which portrays the movement as conservative and petit bourgeois, doing its best to fend off Nazism, but ultimately not up to the task—obscures more than it illuminates. It imposes a top-down frame on the Social Democratic Party (SPD), that characterizes it and its affiliates as an undifferentiated mass, making a nuanced analysis difficult. As is true of most political movements, interwar German Social Democracy presented multiple faces to the world. While its core was a political party that worked to win elections, the SPD also formed the heart of an alternative culture, one that allowed its largely working-class membership to take part in cultural and social functions, as well as in political meetings to express class solidarity.

Three Perspectives on the Crisis in Uruguay

1971 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. J. Finch
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fundamental Causes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Traditional Structures

Recent explanations of the crisis in Uruguay have tended to focus either on the inadequacies of economic policy in the 1950s, or on the financial and moral implications of the social legislation of Uruguay. This article puts forward an alternative interpretation of the crisis, finding the fundamental causes of it in the manner in which modernizing forces were reconciled to traditional structures in the early decades of this century. The first section discusses the nature of the economic crisis, its immediate causes and some of its political repercussions. The second analyses Uruguay's reputation for political and social modernity. The third suggests the origins of the crisis in the policies of José Batlle y Ordóñez and the consequences they have had. The sections, therefore, broadly correspond to three different perspectives on the crisis–the first economic, the second political, the third historical.

The Social Construction of a Perfect Market: The Strawberry Auction at Fontaines-en-Sologne

2010 ◽  
pp. 73-89
Author(s):  
M.-F. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
Per Se

The article examines social conditions and mechanisms of the emergence in 1982 of a «Dutch» strawberry auction in Fontaines-en-Sologne, France. Empirical study of this case shows that perfect market does not arise per se due to an «invisible hand». It is a social construction, which could only be put into effect by a hard struggle between stakeholders and large investments of different forms of capital. Ordinary practices of the market dont differ from the predictions of economic theory, which is explained by the fact that economic theory served as a frame of reference for the designers of the auction. Technological and spatial organization as well as principal rules of trade was elaborated in line with economic views of perfect market resulting in the correspondence between theory and reality.

Resource Constituent of Russian Regional Economy

2007 ◽  
pp. 116-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kimelman ◽  
S. Andyushin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Resource Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Regional Economic Policy ◽  
Far Eastern

The article basing upon estimation of the social and economic potential of Russian Federation subjects shows that the resource model of economic development is suitable for nearly half of them. The advantages of this model are described using the example of the Far Eastern Federal District subjects that could be the proof of the necessity of "resource correction" of regional economic policy in Russia.

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