Thege- Participle Prefix in Early New High German and the Modern Dialects

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-278
Author(s):  
David Fertig
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Past Participle ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Alternative Account ◽  
Standard Account ◽  
German Dialects ◽  
Early New High German ◽  
German Situation

During much of the Early New High German period, a small group of verbs with stem-initialg− and k− commonly formed their past participle without the prefixge-.The standard account attributes this development to Upper German syncope. Quantitative data from a large collection of Nuremberg texts strongly suggests that this account is untenable, and a careful examination of the modern dialects shows that it is in fact the nonsyncopating Central German dialects that most strongly resemble the Early New High German situation. This paper proposes an alternative account involving inflectional haplology as the mechanism responsible for the loss of the prefix in theg-lk-verbs. This analysis answers many questions that the standard account raises, as well as explaining some striking patterns that the previous literature does not mention.

PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA BELAJAR PJOK PADA MATERI SENAM LANTAI (ARTISTIK)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Zulbahri Zulbahri ◽  
Yuni Astuti ◽  
Erianti . ◽  
Pitnawati . ◽  
Damrah .
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Initial Product ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
The Media

This research is motivated by the limited development of learning media for the subjects of Physical Education, Sports and Health on floor exercise (artistic) material, especially for schools in the regions. This study aims to produce a learning media product for students and students in learning gymnastics. The subjects or samples of this research were FIK UNP students who attended basic and advanced / learning gymnastics courses with a total of 12 people for small group subject trials and 15 people for field trials. The data used in this research are qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data in this study is data obtained through validation from material experts, media experts, while quantitative data in this study were obtained through assessment questionnaires which were analyzed with descriptive statistics.This research was conducted using "Research and Development" (Research and Development), namely the research method used to produce certain products. The model used as a reference is the Borg & Gall development research model with 10 developments, in this study the researcher adopted the following stages: 1) Preliminary Study (research and data collection). 2) Prepare a plan and analyze the media to be made. 3) Initial product development by producing learning media with validation by media experts and material experts. 4) Conduct small group trials. 5) Product Revisions. 6) Conduct field trials. 7) Revise the final product. For this early stage research, it has only arrived at the fourth stage (4), namely the initial stage validation by media experts and material experts. Research results in the form of learning media products for practical material with a score of 3.67 with good criteria and for media with a score of 3.3 with a fairly good category.

scholarly journals Relative Necessity and Propositional Quantification

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-726
Author(s):  
Alexander Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Logic ◽  
Propositional Logic ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Symbolic Logic ◽  
Philosophical Logic ◽  
Alternative Account ◽  
Standard Account ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Modal Propositional Logic ◽  
Propositional Quantification

AbstractFollowing Smiley’s (The Journal of Symbolic Logic, 28, 113–134 1963) influential proposal, it has become standard practice to characterise notions of relative necessity in terms of simple strict conditionals. However, Humberstone (Reports on Mathematical Logic, 13, 33–42 1981) and others have highlighted various flaws with Smiley’s now standard account of relative necessity. In their recent article, Hale and Leech (Journal of Philosophical Logic, 46, 1–26 2017) propose a novel account of relative necessity designed to overcome the problems facing the standard account. Nevertheless, the current article argues that Hale & Leech’s account suffers from its own defects, some of which Hale & Leech are aware of but underplay. To supplement this criticism, the article offers an alternative account of relative necessity which overcomes these defects. This alternative account is developed in a quantified modal propositional logic and is shown model-theoretically to meet several desiderata of an account of relative necessity.

scholarly journals XI.—Notes on the Geology of the Eildon Hills, in Roxburghshire

1853 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-217
Author(s):  
James D. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Eastern Slope ◽  
The West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
North Bank ◽  
The Town

The following remarks, being the result of a careful examination of a small district of country characteristic of the relations of the trap formations, are perhaps worthy of being recorded; although the general features of the county of Roxburgh have been very clearly stated in a paper by Mr Milne, published in the 15th volume of the Edinburgh Transactions.The outburst of porphyritic trap forming the conspicuous small group of the Eildon Hills, may be stated to be surrounded by the characteristic greywacke of the south of Scotland. It forms an elongated patch on the map, extending from the west end of Bowden Muir in the direction of the town of Selkirk, and running from west-south-west to east-north-east (true) towards Bemerside Hill, on the north bank of the Tweed. The breadth is variable, probably less than is generally supposed; but it cannot be accurately ascertained, owing to the accumulated diluvium which covers the whole south-eastern slope of this elevated ridge. On this account, my observations on the contact of rocks have been almost entirely confined to the northern and western boundaries of the trap, although the other side was examined with equal care.

The compilation and ownership of the ‘St Emmeram’ codex (Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 14274)

1982 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 161-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Rumbold
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Southern Germany ◽  
The Core ◽  
Polyphonic Music

The manuscript Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 14274 (now also ‘Tresorhandschrift l’) is a large collection of mensural polyphonic music, mostly composed in the first half of the fifteenth century, although a few pieces date back to the late fourteenth. Apart from its importance as a musical source (more than half the compositions it contains are unknown from other sources), Clm 14274 is the geographically northernmost representative of the small group of manuscripts from northern Italy and southern Germany which contain the core of the surviving repertory of early-fifteenth-century polyphony, and, as such, provides potentially vital documentary material for the study of this repertory.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN MODEL LATIHAN JUMP SHOOT UNTUK PESERTA EKSTRAKURIKULER BOLABASKET SMA NEGERI 1 KAUMAN KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Muhammad Faishol Harun ◽  
Oni Bagus Januarto ◽  
Usman Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Small Group ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Basketball Game

Abstract: This study aimed to develop the exercise model of jump shoot for members ofbasketball extracurricular of SMA Negeri 1 Kauman, Tulungagung regency. This isexpected that the members are able to understand and master jump shoot technique welland increase their skill. Data analysis techniques used in this research is qualitativeanalysis techniques (in the form of a sentence) and quantitative (in the form of apercentage). Qualitative data was used to analyze the data collected from the advice andreview experts basketball game, a game of basketball coaching, media expert. While theanalysis of quantitative data in the form of a percentage descriptive analysis techniquesto present the results of the review expert basketball game, basketball game coachingexperts, media experts, test a small group and large group trial.Keywords: Developing, exercise model, jump shoot.Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan model latihan jump shootuntuk peserta ekstrakurikuler bolabasket SMA Negeri 1 Kauman KabupatenTulungagung. Dengan adanya pengembangan model latihan ini diharapkan pesertadapat memahami dan menguasai teknik jump shoot dengan baik dan benar serta dapatmeningkatkan keterampilan para peserta ekstrakurikuler. Teknik analisis data yangdigunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis kualitatif (berupa kalimat) dankuantitatif (berupa persentase). Data kualitatif digunakan untuk menganalisis hasilpengumpulan data dari saran dan tinjauan para ahli permainan bolabasket, ahlikepelatihan permainan bolabasket, ahli media. Sedangkan analisis data kuantitatifberupa teknik analisis deskriptif persentase untuk menyajikan hasil tinjauan ahlipermainan bolabasket, ahli kepelatihan permainan bolabasket, ahli media, uji cobakelompok kecil dan uji coba kelompok besar.Kata Kunci: Pengembangan, model latihan, jump shoot.

The way worship works in mission: Proposing an alternative to the standard account

2021 ◽  
pp. 009182962110117
Author(s):  
David E Fitch
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Formation ◽  
Alternative Account ◽  
Standard Account ◽  
Cultural Engagement ◽  
Evangelical Protestantism ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

This article examines the relationship of worship to mission in the life of the church. How does worship shape the Christian for mission and the work of God’s justice in the world? The article sketches what the author contends to be “the standard account” of how worship works within North American mainstream evangelical Protestantism, drawing on several authors who write on spiritual formation, liturgy, and cultural engagement. Exemplary of this standard account is the influential theology of church and culture found within neo-Calvinism. By parsing the social architecture of these authors, this article reveals its strengths and weaknesses—an analysis that can be applied more widely to Protestantism as a whole in North America. Then, the article moves on to propose an alternative account for the relationship of worship to mission that overcomes the weaknesses of the standard account. This alternative approach is labeled “faithful presence,” an approach which has affinities with an Anabaptist approach to worship and mission.

scholarly journals The information structure of subject extraposition in Early New High German

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Light
Keyword(s):  
Information Structure ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Argument Structure ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Structural Effect ◽  
Narrow Focus ◽  
Early New High German ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigates the information-structural characteristics of extraposed subjects in Early New High German (ENHG). Based on new quantitative data from a parsed corpus of ENHG, I will argue that unlike objects, subjects in ENHG have two motivations for extraposing. First, subjects may extrapose in order to receive narrow focus, which is the pattern Bies (1996) has shown for object extraposition in ENHG. Secondly, however, subjects may extrapose in order to receive a default sentence accent, which is most visible in the case of presentational constructions. This motivation does not affect objects, which may achieve the same prosodic goal without having to extrapose. The study has two major consequences: (1) subject extraposition in ENHG demonstrates that there is not necessarily a one-to-one correspondence between syntactic structure and information structural effect (cf. Féry 2007); and (2) the overall phenomenon of DP extraposition in ENHG fits into a broader set of crosslinguistic focus phenomena which demonstrate a subject-object asymmetry (cf. Hartmann and Zimmermann 2007, Skopeteas and Fanselow 2010), raising important questions about the relationship between argument structure and information structural notions.

Relative Necessity Reformulated with Jessica Leech

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-172
Author(s):  
Bob Hale
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Account ◽  
Standard Account ◽  
Suitable Constant ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Physical Laws

This chapter discusses some serious difficulties for what it calls the standard account of various kinds of relative necessity, according to which any given kind of relative necessity may be defined by a strict conditional—necessarily, if C then p—where C is a suitable constant proposition, such as a conjunction of physical laws. It is argued, with the help of Humberstone (1981), that the standard account has several unpalatable consequences. It is argued that Humberstone’s alternative account has certain disadvantages, and another—considerably simpler—solution is offered. The proposed alternative takes seriously the idea that the standard account omits crucial information which, if suitably replaced, allows the problems to be solved.

The Llandovery–Wenlock Syringoporidae from New Brunswick, Canada

1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Young ◽  
J. P. A. Noble
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Separate Genus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stratigraphic Ranges ◽  
One New Species

A large collection of Silurian Syringoporidae, mainly from the Limestone Point and La Vieille formations of northern New Brunswick, includes one new species and three species previously described from this area. Syringopora lambei n. sp. is distinguished from the superficially similar S. bifurcata Lonsdale by its larger corallites with much broader axial tubes and less frequent corallite contacts. Similar problems which have existed in the past in the distinction of S. compacta Billings and S. reteformis Billings can be resolved, as shown in this study, on the basis of the larger, geniculate and densely-packed corallites of S. reteformis. All four species are defined using more quantitative data than has previously been applied to syringoporid taxonomy. A new lectotype for S. compacta is proposed. Recognition of epibionts on a corallum of S. bifurcata as virtually identical to the “epithecal scales” used to distinguish Syringoalcyon Termier and Termier from Syringopora Goldfuss argues strongly against the continued recognition of the former as a separate genus. Preliminary analysis of syringoporid distributions in relation to stratigraphy and sedimentary associations suggests strong facies and paleoenvironmental control on these distributions. For this reason and because of their long stratigraphic ranges, no well-defined biozonal scheme can be proposed at this time.

scholarly journals Energy calibration and full-pattern refinement for strain analysis using energy-dispersive and monochromatic X-ray diffraction

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Liu ◽  
K. Kim ◽  
M. Golshan ◽  
D. Laundy ◽  
A. M. Korsunsky
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Energy Calibration ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Conversion Function ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lattice Strains

Precise channel-to-energy conversion is very important in full-pattern refinement in energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction. Careful examination shows that the channel-to-energy conversion is not entirely linear, which presents an obstacle to obtaining accurate quantitative data for lattice strains by pattern refinement. In order to establish an accurate quadratic channel-to-energy conversion function, aMatlabprogram was written to find the best quadratic coefficient and hence the whole energy conversion function. Then this energy conversion function was used to perform a whole-pattern fitting of the energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction pattern of a Ti64 sample. The strain across the Ti64 bar calculated from the fitting results has been compared with values obtained by single-wavelength X-ray diffraction utilizing a Laue monochromator.

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